Wednesday, November 27, 2024

4625 - MARS - are there signs of life?

 

-  4625  -  MARS  -  are there signs of life?  -    On Earth, these types of features in rocks are often associated with the fossilized record of microbes living in the subsurface.   NASA's Perseverance rover may have found signs of ancient life in a rock on Mars.



--------------------------------------   4625  -   MARS  -  are there signs of life?

-   See Review 4624 “Mars had water at one time” .  This Review asks, “What about life?” Perseverance Mars rover finds possible signs of ancient Red Planet life

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-    The rover has come across an intriguing, arrowhead-shaped rock that hosts chemical signatures and structures that could have been formed by microbial life billions of years ago, when Mars was significantly wetter than it is today.

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-    Inside the rock, which scientists have nicknamed "Cheyava Falls," Perseverance's instruments detected organic compounds, which are precursors to the chemistry of life as we know it. Wisping through the length of the rock are veins of calcium sulfate, which are mineral deposits that suggest water, also essential for life, once ran through the rock.

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-    The rover also found dozens of millimeter-sized splotches, each surrounded by a black ring and mimicking the appearance of leopard spots. These rings contain iron and phosphate, which are also seen on Earth as a result of microbe-led chemical reactions.

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-    These spots are a big surprise.   On Earth, these types of features in rocks are often associated with the fossilized record of microbes living in the subsurface.    Cheyava Falls sits at the edge of an ancient, 400-meter-wide river valley named Neretva Vallis. Scientists suspect this ancient channel was carved out long ago due to water gushing into Jezero Crater; Neretva Vallis runs along the inner wall of this region.

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-    In one possible scenario, mud that already possessed organic compounds got dumped into the valley and later cemented into the Cheyava Falls rock, which Perseverance sampled on July 21, 2024. A second episode of water oozing into the formed rock would have created the object's calcium sulfate veins and black-ringed spots the team sees today.

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-    The rock's visible features aren’t irrefutable evidence of ancient microbial life on Mars. It is possible that the observed calcium sulfate entered the rock at uninhabitably high temperatures, perhaps during a nearby volcanic event. However, whether such non-biological chemical reactions could have resulted in the observed black-ringed spots is an open question.

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-    This trip through the Neretva Vallis riverbed paid off as we found something we've never seen before, which will give our scientists so much to study.   We have zapped that rock with lasers and X-rays and imaged it literally day and night from just about every angle imaginable.

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-    To fully grasp what really unfolded in the ancient river valley billions of years ago, scientists are keen to get the Cheyava Falls sample to Earth, where it can be scrutinized with powerful instruments that Perseverance’s limited suite doesn't have.

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-   The complex “Mars Sample Return” effort, however, has run into many snags in recent months after its costs spiked to $11 billion. In its current form, the program requires multiple launches to Mars to place a vehicle on the Red Planet, after which either Perseverance will travel to the vehicle and drop off its collected samples, or pop those samples over to a retrieval helicopter that can complete the handoff. Then, an ascender would launch the samples into orbit, where a spacecraft would collect them and return them to Earth.

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November 26, 2024          MARS  -  are there signs of life?                  4625

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--------------------- ---  Wednesday, November 27, 2024  ---------------------------------

 

 

 

 

 

           

 

 

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