- 4636 - UNIVERSE - according to the Standard Model? Describes how the Universe has evolved at large scale. There are six numbers that define the model and a team of researchers have used them to build simulations of the Universe. The results of these simulations were then fed to a machine learning algorithm to train it before it was set the task of estimating five of the cosmological constants, a task which it completed with incredible precision.
--------------------------------------- 4636 - UNIVERSE - according to the Standard Model?
- The “Standard Model” incorporates a number
of elements; the Big Bang, dark energy, cold dark matter, ordinary matter and
the cosmic background radiation. It works well to describe the large scale
structure of the Universe but there are gaps in our understanding.
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- Quantum physics can describe the small
scale of the Universe but struggles with gravity and there are questions around
dark matter and dark energy too. Understanding these can help in our
understanding of the evolution and structure of the Universe.
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- Some new information in the distribution of
galaxiesis used to estimate the values of five of the parameters. Using AI
technology the team’s results had less than half the uncertainty for the
element that describes the clumpiness of the Universe than in the previous
attempt. Their results also revealed estimates of other parameters that closely
resembled observation.
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- They generated 2,000 simulated universes
after carefully specifying their cosmological parameters. These included
expansion rate, the distribution and clumpiness of ordinary matter, dark matter
and dark energy and using these the team ran the simulations. The output was
then compressed into manageable data sets and this was used to compare against
over one hundred thousand real galaxies data.
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- The parameters are those that describe how
the Universe operates at the largest scale. These are essentially, the settings
for the Universe and include the amount of ordinary matter, dark matter, dark
energy, the conditions following the Big Bang and just how clumpy the matter
is. Previously these settings were calculated using observations from the
structure of galaxy clusters.
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- Instead of using observations, the team used
their AI approach to extract the small scale information that was hidden in the
existing observational data. The AI system learned how to correlate the
parameters with the observed structure of the Universe, but at small scale.
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- The uncertainty about the Hubble Constant
expansion of the Universe is an example where
AI can help to fine tune its value. Over the next few years the Universe
will become far better understood.
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December 7, 2024 UNIVERSE - according
to the Standard Model? 4636
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--------------------- --- Saturday, December 7,
2024
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