Tuesday, November 13, 2018

Index of reviews


-  Here is an Index of recent Reviews,  Request if you want any one of these sent to you.??
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 -  2141  - What would you like to learn about the Planet Pluto?  Whoops, the Dwarf Planet Pluto?  The New Horizon spacecraft has brought a treasure trove full of surprises.  Its moon Charon and Pluto have been rich in scientific discoveries.
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-  2142  -  Planets beyond Pluto.  -  Planets beyond Pluto are in the Kuiper Belt of comets, asteroids and sub-planets.  Our new Horizon spacecraft is exploring these objects and is due to reach them in January,2019.  This same spacecraft passed Pluto in 2006
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-  2143  -  Evolution in computational technology.  Any Universe that fails to evolve conscious life to comprehend its own existence could not have existed in the first place.  Nano-technology is rebuilding the world atom by atom.  Compositional technology in inevitably and rabidly overtaking the species that invented it. 
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-  2144  - Cosmic Inflation is a theory to help astronomers explain the observations they have of the Universe.  The theory is that the Universe expanded faster than the speed of light very early in its evolution.  Galaxies began forming 600,000,000 years after the Big Bang and clusters of galaxies at 3,000,000,000 years after.  Our solar system and Earth started forming at 9,100,000,000 years after ( 4,600,000,000 years ago)
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-  2145  - Exoplanets in other Solar Systems.  There are nearly 1 trillion stars in our Milky Way Galaxy. With one fifth of the 1 trillion Milky Way stars being Sun-like, this works out to 40 billion Earth-like planets with liquid water potentially existing on their surfaces. That’s a lot of opportunities for the chemistry of life to commence. of physics. Pass along to any young mind that is interested.
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-  2146  -  Astronomy is Seeing History.  Because of the fixed speed of light everything that  astronomers see happened a long time ago.  Who knows what it really looks like today?  A lot has happened since then.  The more distant you look the further back in time you see.
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-  2147  -   Ernst Rutherford,  discovers the atom.  -  In 1908 Rutherford devised the experiment to fire alpha particles at a sheet of gold foil that was only 1/50,000 of an inch thick.  Alpha particles. Beta particles, Cathode Rays and Gamma Rays were early names given to these mysterious particles when they were first discovered.
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-  2148  -   The Origins of Life in the Universe.  Life  is highly ordered and has low entropy.  Life must operate far above thermodynamic equilibrium in order to stay alive.  When we die entropy wins and we reach thermodynamic equilibrium in the grave.  Life must continuously expend energy, metabolism, in order to avoid thermal equilibrium with the ground.
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-  2149  -  Supernovae from blue, supergiant stars.  At the ends of their lives, blue supergiant stars, which can be over 50 times the mass of the Sun, may collapse to form remnants partly comprising a sea of free quarks and gluons. The conversion of neutrons and other baryons to a quark-gluon plasma in blue supergiant stars could lead to these type supernovae explosions.
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-  2150  -  Each element has a unique fingerprint in its light spectrum.  The youngest stars had thousands of overlapping fingerprints because they were made from several generations of earlier stars.  Stars in the earlier universe had far less complex mixtures of elements.  That made it easier to sort each element out of the mix.
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-  2151  -  The human brain, is a challenge for physics to explain down to the level of quantum mechanics.  At the same time into meta physics and deep into philosophy.  (Metaphysics = abstract theory with no basis in reality.)  We are navigating the narrow path between solid ground and the edge of a swamp
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-  2152  -   What It Means To Be Visible.  -  Things are visible because electromagnetic energy reaches our eyes.  But, what causes electromagnetic energy?  In a word, “atoms“.   For the energy of light that our eyes can see we are limited to a spectrum of wavelengths from 400 nanometers blue light to 750 nanometers red light.  Above and below these wavelengths lies ultraviolet and infrared that our eyes can not quite visualize.
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-  2153  -  Smaller computers.   Because the incentives to overcome these technical, engineering, and design challenges are consumer driven. Customers want batteries that last longer and laptops that don’t get too hot; they prioritize thinner, lighter products over processing power. So when it comes to risk/reward business decisions, there are considerable economic rewards to be had in getting heat and power right.
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-  2154  -   Magnetism is a force that exerts attractive or repulsive force on other materials.  All materials are influenced to a greater or lesser degree by the presence of a magnetic field.  All materials!  Magnets come in two basic types, permanent magnets and electromagnets.  Magnetism is ultimately the result of movement of an electric charge.  The most common use of Nuclear Magnetic Resonance is in medicine.
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-  2155  - Electric Charge. Review 2154 “ Extreme Magnetism”  concluded the all magnetism could be explained by the movement of an electric charge.  Movement is the rate of change of space with respect to time.  When an electric charge stands still it creates an electric field.  When an electric charge moves it also creates a magnetic field.  But, what is an electric charge?
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-  2156  -  Magnetars and pulsars belong to a class of objects called neutron stars, which are big balls of tightly packed neutrons no larger than a big city.  When stars above about eight solar masses run out of fuel to burn, they explode in what is called a supernova. What remains can collapses into a neutron star.
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-  2157  -  Be Thankful for your Brain?  It took 1.5 million years of evolution.  The size of your brain does not mean that you have more neurons!  How much energy does our brain power take?  It takes 25% of all the energy our body consumes.  Be thankful for your brain and the calories that power it.
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-  2158  - How to be an Entrepreneur?  The entrepreneur--constantly moving pieces, organizing activities, leading initiatives, and putting out fires, and making stuff happen.  We will always deal with the tyranny of the urgent. However, to better create, dream, and thrive as entrepreneurs, we must shove aside the urgent and not important to make room for these activities.
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-  2159  -  Good writers are like astronomers.  If what you write or think is hedgy or equivocal then it becomes hard to understand.  Astronomers are seldom in doubt, but often in error.  Physicists, on the other hand, won’t say for sure until they find the value 40 places to the right of the decimal point.  This review will try to set the record straight.   What do astronomers and physicists really know?
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-  2160  -  .  Each year small changes occur that are astronomical given time.  We lost another 20,000 stars that expanded so far away their light will never reach us.  At that some 15 billion lightyears distance the galaxies are receding faster than the speed of light.  In fact, all the galaxies that are the Observable Universe today are only the remaining 3%.  The other 97% are so far distant their light will never get here.
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-  2161 - Great Teachers, Socrates was a great teacher, his student was Plato (B:428 B.C.),  his student was Aristotle (384-322 B.C.) and his student was Alexander the Great.   Socrates taught by always answering a question with a question.  He believed that active participation required that the student figure out the answers for themselves.   Aristotle was a teacher who listened eagerly to others; he freely altered his views when presented with compelling evidence that he was wrong.  He often went back and modified his own writings when he learned more. 
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-  2162  -  Evolution on Earth, if diversity of life on Earth is an indication than the diversity of life in the Universe is beyond compression.  It is even beyond our imagination.  The most incomprehensible thing about the Universe and life within it is that we are here trying to comprehend it.
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-  2163  -  How far can our eyes see?  -  With the newest backyard telescope it is possible for amateur astronomers to see 2,000,000,000 years back in time and 11,760,000,000,000,000 miles distance.    The human eye is an amazing instrument and working together with modern telescopes our brains perceive far back in time and far, far away. 
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-  2164  -  The Universe is 13.8 billion years old.  We know how fast it has been expanding.  We know that the Universe is 31 % matter of which is only 5% is Ordinary Matter.  We know that the other 23% matter is invisible Dark Matter that we know is there but we do not understand what it is.  The rest is energy of some sort that remains another mystery that is creating and accelerating the expansion, we call it Dark Energy. 
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-  2165  -  Why is the Sun so hot?  The Sun’s surface is about 10,000 degrees Fahrenheit. But, surrounding the Sun is an atmosphere of gas known as the corona. This envelope of super heated gas is called a plasma and it measures more than 3,000,000 degrees.  Astronomers are still trying to figure out how the outer layer of this star is so much hotter than the surface? 
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----------------http://jdetrick.blogspot.com.  The purpose is to learn pearls of wisdom efficiently, it takes 8 hours to read a book, write a review of pearls discovered, email is miraculous way to pass it along, a 10 minute read at 98% efficiency. Delete button is perfect solution any time you want. Reading reviews is as close to perpetual motion efficiency as you can get and still obey the laws of physics.
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-  November 13, 2018.             An Index of more Reviews is available.
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 ---------------------   Tuesday, November 13, 2018         -------------------------
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