Boomerang Nebula
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----------------------- # 1593 - Extreme conditions we can find in our Universe?
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- Imagine the fastest rotating star. Ours rotates in about a month. We have found a Neutron Star that is rotating 716 revolutions per second. Typically Neutron Stars can be found rotating 30 to 50 revolutions per second.
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- Neutron stars are 26 kilometers in diameter and packed with neutrons. However, there are charged particles at their surface. And, a rotating charged particle creates a rotating magnetic field. The magnetic field acts as a drag on the rotation causing the star’s rotation to gradually slow down. After a million years of rotation the star is still rotating 5 to 10 revolutions per second.
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- The Neutron Star rotating 716 revolutions per second is likely pulling mass off a companion binary star. The mass crashing into the surface is spinning the star up faster and faster.
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- The fastest star moving through space is also a Neutron Star. It is clocked at 3,600,000 miles per hour. This immense speed was likely generated by a supernova explosion. If the explosion is asymmetrical one star can be shot outward in the opposite direction of the explosion.
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- The fastest particles are Cosmic Rays that have velocities 99% of the speed of light. Cosmic Rays are not rays at all , but, charged particles, usually protons, a hydrogen nucleus, or heavier atomic nucleus. Some have been measured with velocities just a hares breath below the speed of light. These tiny particles are traveling so fast their equivalent energy is the same as a baseball traveling 60 miles per hour.
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- The fastest moving planet orbiting a star is an exoplanet the size of Jupiter. It has an elongated orbit that whips by its host star at 529,000 miles per hour.
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- Galactic Blackholes at the centers of galaxies can produce jets of charged particles exiting the disk at the rotating poles. Fast moving charged particles represent an electric current. These electric currents would be equivalent to a million, trillion amperes.
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- The greatest vacuum created in experiments on Earth reach 500 to 1,000 atoms per cubic centimeter. The space between galaxies might have only a few atoms spanning a 100 million lightyears. That is equivalent to a density of 0.000,000,02 atoms per cubic centimeter. These tremendous voids are not rare in that they represent 90% of the volume of the Universe.
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- The coldest temperature possible is Absolute Zero at -273.15 C. The Cosmic Microwave Background that occupies the voids of space has a radiation temperature of 2.73C above Absolute Zero, -275.88 C. Some unusual conditions are needed to find a place colder than space itself. This spot is the Boomerang Nebula. The star at the center of the Nebula is blasting a solar wind outward at 370,000 miles per our. This rapid expansion of interstellar gas is so fast as to drop the temperature to -271.10C. If you compress gas it heats up. If you expand gas it cools down.
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- Perhaps the biggest extreme in the Cosmos is the “ Singularity”.
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- A massive star collapses when its gravity is so strong its radiation energy can not withstand the compression. The collapse can be held up by the pressure of electrons refusing to be compressed into their nuclei. When the gravity is so immense as to crush electrons into the protons and create neutrons the star collapses into a Neutron Star. When even the Neutrons can not withstand the compression they can collapse into a Quark Star, and then into a Blackhole.
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- The Blackhole is defined by a boundary at which point the compressing gravity is so strong the even light can not escape. Called the Event Horizon it is the point where gravity bends light beams so great they fold back on themselves and never pass the boundary.
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- But, what happens when gravity’s compression continues inside the Blackhole? What is there to stop the collapse from continuing down to a single point. Could the collapse continue into a “Singularity”?
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- We do not know what happens. The conditions are so extreme that new physics might apply. We are simply inside the gap of our knowledge. All the math takes us to infinities. What does infinite density really mean? We are at the edge of Cosmic Extremes and the boundary conditions for our Universe. Stay tuned, an announcement will be made shortly.
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RSVP, please reply with a number to rate this review: #1- learned something new. #2 - Didn’t read it. #3- very interesting. #4- Send another review #___ from the index. #5- Keep em coming. #6- I forwarded copies to some friends. #7- Don‘t send me these anymore! #8- I am forwarding you some questions? Index is available with email upon request. Some reviews are at http://jdetrick.blogspot.com Please send feedback, corrections, or recommended improvements to: jamesdetrick@comcast.net. ---- “Jim Detrick” -- www.facebook.com, -- www.twitter.com, -- 707-536-3272 Friday, September 27, 2013
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