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--------------------- - 1648 - Energy in Physics?
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- Energy is a very broad an interesting topic. Here are some of the earlier reviews available to learn more about the subject. No this is not solar, wind, or, nuclear power energy. This is the energy in physics, E = mc^2.
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--------------------- #1171 - Light Energy - higher energy light has shorter wavelengths
--------------------- #1054 - Energy in mass and radiation.
--------------------- #956 - There are at least 14 different forms of energy. This review includes the equations to calculate them.
--------------------- #952 - Energy from the Big Bang, WIMPS and MACHOS.
--------------------- #613 - the history of energy, the origins of our existence.
--------------------- #19 - E=mc^2 ,the history of the many authors that were involved with this equation.
---------------------- #35 - Deriving E=mc^2 using simple calculations.
---------------------- #647 - Conservation of energy, the various ways to produce it and their efficiencies.
--------------------- #682 - Symmetry in the Universe.
--------------------- #527 - Energy and evolution.
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-. This review is some more about energy. Energy and mass are the same thing.
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----------------------- E = c^2 * m
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--------------------- Energy = 90,000,000,000,000,000 * mass
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---------------------- Joules = meters^2 / seconds^2 * kilograms
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-. Energy was released in the Big Bang. The law of the Conservation of Energy says, that was all there is. There is no more or less energy. Energy can neither be created nor destroyed. Energy can transform itself from one form to another, but, the total remains the same. The same as what we started with.
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-. It takes energy to power your car down the highway. The energy comes from chemical energy in your gas tank. If you don't fill up you will run out of energy? No. The energy was still the same you just transformed it. Your energy gets transferred to the friction of your tires against the road, the kinetic energy moving mass * velocity, the heat that left your tailpipe, the hot engine that warmed the atmosphere, the electric energy that charged the battery, and lit the your headlights. Add it all up and the total remains the same
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- Kinetic energy of motion is mass * velocity^2
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-----------------------KE = ½ m*v^2
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-. Heat energy is actually Kinetic energy. It is the motion of the atoms that we measure as temperature. The faster the atomic motion the hotter the material.
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-. The transformation of atomic energy, that is mass into radiant energy that occurs in explosions, is enormous. A single pencil eraser, weighing one gram, converted directly to radiation energy, would release more energy than the two atomic bombs that exploded in Japan in 1945.
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-. The Universe is a big place, but, it is all interconnected with energy. The energy from cosmic rays originating from the farthest corners of our Universe are responsible for genetic mutations in our own DNA that are our biological evolution on Earth.
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-. There are vast separations but energy interconnects all of this. If the stars of our Milky Way galaxy were the size of grains of sand they would be separated by distances measured in miles.
-. If the Sun were the size of the period at the end of this sentence, the Earth would be so small as to be invisible and one inch away. The nearest star would be 4.3 miles away with all that space in between. With this scale our entire Milky Way galaxy would fit in half the distance to the Moon. Scale of the Universe is enormous, but, it is all interconnected with energy. The same Big Bang energy it all started with, by now, it has taken many different forms.
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- We have shown that matter and energy are different forms of the same thing. When we squeeze matter into a smaller and smaller volume it eventually becomes a Blackhole. What is a Blackhole? Is it everything reduced to a single point of pure energy? We don't know. But, it would be an exceedingly heavy period. Don’t try this at home.
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-. A sugar cube is a size of 1 cubic centimeter.
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- If it were water it would weigh 1 gram.
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- If it were iron it would weigh 7.87 grams.
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- If it were gold it would weigh 19.28 grams.
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- The Earth, Mercury, Venus, and Mars have densities of 5.2 to 5.5 grams per cubic centimeter. That is five times the weight of water. We call them the “rocky planets“.
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-. In contrast the Sun and the outer planets have densities between 0.7 and 1.7 grams per cubic centimeter. We call the 4 outer planets the “gaseous planets“.
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-. Most stars have the same density as water, more or less.
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-. Some stars are so large in the beginning that when they run out of fuel they collapse to the size of the Earth. They become White Dwarf stars that have densities of 1,000,000 grams per cubic centimeter. The sugar cube of this material would weigh a ton, 2,000 pounds.
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-. A White Dwarf star is composed of carbon and oxygen still having its atomic structure with electrons holding it up. ( called electron degeneracy pressure). If the star is still larger, having even greater mass, and stronger compressing gravity, it will collapse even further into a Neutron Star only 12 miles in diameter. 8,000 miles diameter collapses to 12 miles diameter. Its spin rate changes from 1 revolution per day to 30 revolutions per second. Some Neutron Stars are even spinning 716 revolutions per second.
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-. Neutron Stars have a density of 100,000,000,000,000 grams per cubic centimeter. A sugar cube from a Neutron Star would weigh 100,000,000 tons.
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-. That certainly seems out of this world. However ,the protons in your body have the very same density. And you have 30 Octillion of them. There are 30,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 protons in the average body. Count them. Which you are still made mostly of water and empty space. No offense intended.
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-. I have run out of energy. In announcement will be made shortly, stay tuned
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-. (1)This time I started the review with the footnotes.
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-. (2) Sonoluminescence is turning “sound into light“. SBSL is a “star in a jar“. Take a small jar of water. Bombard it with 20,000 cycles per second sound waves. The shockwave that results will create gas bubbles and these bubbles will create flashes of blue light, mostly ultraviolet light. Each flash has a duration is only 50 picoseconds. The temperature is 30,000 Kelvin. The surface of the Sun is only 6,000 Kelvin. See Lawrence Livermore lab homepage regarding ICF, Inertia Confinement Fusion.
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RSVP, with comments, suggestions, corrections. Index of reviews available ---
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---- www.twitter.com , --- 707-536-3272 ---- Wednesday, February 12, 2014 ---
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