- 1735 - We are running out of time? This review is about how time, space, energy , mass and gravity interact to make up the Universe we live in. It is only strange if you think about it.
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----------------- - 1735 - We are running out of time?
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- If that is true there must be a finite amount of time. Therefore, when we run out time ends. Our time will be up. Yet, I am not so sure? It is more complicated than that. Time is relentless. And, at the same time it is all relative. Time flows slower if you are moving. Time flows fastest when you are at rest. But, you can never be at “ rest”.
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- The Earth turns, it orbit’s the Sun, the Sun orbit’s the galaxy, our galaxy is moving away from other galaxies, the whole Universe is expanding and accelerating in its expansion. There is no “rest”.
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- Time flows faster at higher elevations. The stronger the gravity the slower the time. And gravity itself is a curvature of time and space.
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- Time and space keep expanding, even space is accelerating. Maybe time is too and we can’t tell. It is ironic that time is expanding and we have less of it.
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- The laws of Conversation in Physics state that there is a fixed amount of mass and energy in the Universe. Mass and energy can not be created nor destroyed. Mass and energy can switch places according to E=mc^2.
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--------------- Energy = 90,000,000,000,000,000 * mass
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---------------Joules of Energy = ( meters^2 / seconds^2) * kilograms
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- Mass is just a concentrated form of energy. Very concentrated. The speed of light squared concentrated. 90 quadrillion times. Energy can be converted between many different forms but the total remains the same. Energy can be kinetic, gravitational, mechanical, nuclear, electrical, potential, magnetic, thermal, elastic, etc. All of these forms of energy can change between each other, but, the total always remains the same.
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- So, if we have a finite , and constant, amount of mass and energy, AND, we have a constantly expanding amount of space with time then that means the Universe is constantly getting diluted. There is always less and less mass and energy in a growing amount of space. The Universe keeps getting rarified, colder, darker and then eventually the vacuum of space is all that is left, eventually.
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- Or, maybe all mass gets converted to energy and all energy gets converted to “ vacuum energy, in the end it is only vacuum energy that is left? But, does time end as well? There certainly will be no clocks ticking at that time.
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- Gravity is the curvature of space and time. Mass is what causes the curvature. Energy can cause it to curve as well. Given enough mass, a Blackhole, space and time will curve so much it will fold back on itself. Space and time gets wrapped up in a Blackhole and nothing can escape, not even light.
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- So, locally we can have Blackholes with enormous concentrations of mass and energy , and , therefore curvature of space and time. Yet, universally, space and time are expanding and mass and energy are being diluted into the vacuum with no curvatures. We are getting straight-lined into oblivion.
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- The speed of light is always the same regardless of motion and regardless of the observers frame of reference. What happens to light when the speed of this accelerating space exceeds the speed of light? Light can never catch up. All communications are lost. Space must then go dark. But, does time stop flowing even then?
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- Time flows like an arrow in one direction leaving the past and entering the future. Everything we see is in the past because of the finite speed of light. Something one foot away from your eyes is 1 nanosecond older than when you see it. The future hasn’t happened yet. It is in our minds, our dreams, your hopes, but it is not real because it has not happened yet. As soon as it becomes reality it is instantly in our past. It is as if the present never really happens.
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- The laws of physics , like the speed of light , must be the same for all observers. Two observers in different motions see different views of the same thing but the laws of motion for the viewing remain the same.
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- Entropy is a law of physics that says randomness always increases with time. The reason this is true has to do with probabilities. There are simply more ways to have disorder that too have order. Entropy only increases in the future because we started out as very low entropy in the past. The Big Bang was perfect order. Everything since then has moved to greater disorder, and that always continuous until the Universe is perfect randomness , perfect disorder.
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- Time is thought of as continuous and constant . Relative to our daily lives , that works fine. But, astronomically the Theory of Relativity demands that time not be “constant“, And, the theory of Quantum Mechanics demands that it not be “continuous“. At the smallest scales time comes in little packages, or quantum’s.. At the largest scales time varies with gravity, that is time changes with elevation, and with velocity , that is relative motion.
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- A clock at higher elevation, less gravity, will tick faster.
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- A stationary clock will click faster than a moving clock. A clock moving at the speed of light will stop.
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- These time effects are called “time dilation“. And, they have been verified by experiments. One of the first experiments in 1971 was to fly atomic clocks in an airplane around the Earth and then compare their time with stationary clocks on the ground. The times varied exactly according to the equations for time dilation, the equations in the Theory of Relativity, but, only by tens to hundreds of nano seconds.
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- Today the National Institute of Standards and Technology, ( NIST) has conducted similar experiments with optical atomic clocks elevated by only a foot , time is faster, OR, one clock set in motion by only 10 meters per second, (22 miles per hour), time slows.
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- Optical clocks are based on aluminum ions that can keep time to within one second in 3.7 billion years. Optical locks use lasers to probe the quantum states of aluminum ions held in radio - frequency traps. The laser is tuned to resonant with the ion’s transitions between quantum states. The frequency is 1.121 quadrillion cycles per second. (1.121*10^15)
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- Optical clocks are so good you can see the effects of relativity slowing time in the lab. Proof that time is relative.
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- See the next Review # 1736 “Bits of Time” The smallest bit of time is 10^-43 seconds.
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- Other earlier Reviews available upon request:
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- #1691 Thinking about Time. Time moves slower as you move faster . At the speed of light time stops?
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- #1621 Time to Think. Everything you see is younger than when you see it. Because light only travels at a finite speed, 186,000 miles per second. It takes time for it to reach you eyes. The sunlight is always 8 minutes old when you see it. Because it left the Sun 8 minutes before.
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- #1341, #1189 Run the clock backwards 13,700,000,000 years and you reach the beginning of time. Did it exist before then? Or was time first created in the Big Bang?
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- # 1006, #910 No two times are the same if they are separated in space
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- #854 , #842, #830 To go from GPS time to Universal time just add 19 seconds.
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- #814 10^-43 seconds is the smallest increment of time.
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- #783 God created time to prevent everything from happening all at once.
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- #747 Why 60 minutes?
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- #356 Zepto-second pulses are used to study the motion of atoms.
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- #354 Universal calendar of all events in 19 pages.
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- #37 Deriving Time Dilation equations.
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----- 707-536-3272 ---------------------- Friday, February 6, 2015 -----
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