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----------------- - 1736 - Bits of Time.
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- ( See Review #1735 “ Running out of time” for the introduction )
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- If time is relative, what about the other constants in nature? Are they relative too, or, are they truly constant everywhere in the Universe? Like gravity, the mass of an electron, the velocity of light. “G, m, c” are assumed to be the same everywhere regardless of your frame of reference in the Universe and over all time since the beginning.
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---------------- c = 299,792,458 meters per second
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---------------- G = 6.63*10^-11 ( meters)^3 / ( kilograms * seconds^2)
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----------------- m = 9.10938188*10^-31 kilograms
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- These are constants in physics. But, why such odd numbers? What is the theory that connects these constants together? How can they be derived? There is no theory yet that can do this. These are all “measured” numbers.
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- Science has no idea why the combination of constants were selected, or, why they have the values they do. Science does know that if they were any difference t by the smallest amount we would not exist to be asking the question. Our Universe is somehow very “fine tuned” for our existence.
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- The Universe has given us a rare combination of constants to allow consciousness to evolve.
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- “alpha” is a combination of constants that cancels all the units of measurement and gives us a pure number. Alpha is also know as the “ fine structure constant”.
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---------------- Alpha = e^2 / 2 E * h * c
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------------- c = velocity of light, meters / second
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--------------- e = charge on an electron, ampere -seconds
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--------------- h Planck’s constant , joule - seconds
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--------------- E = permittivity of a vacuum, couloubs^2 / ( Newtons * meters^2)
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------------- Alpha = 1 / 137.03599976 no units
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- If alpha , 1/137, were any other number ratio life as we know it would not exist.
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- The problem is how do you have a measurement instrument so constant it would measure any change in “ alpha”? How do we know it always constant? A change of 4 parts in 10^15 over 3 years is the best today’s atomic clocks can measure. So far, no change has been witnessed.
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- Out of nothing, nothing comes. In order for nonetheness to become somethingness it must have already existed..
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- Time itself being part of God’s creation, there was simply no “ before”.
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- Time carries life from the past, through the present, into the future. A Blackhole carries time into a loop so it can never escape. But, does time stop inside? An the center of the Blackhole space and time may swap roles. the center is not a point in space but rather an instant in time.
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- Entropy is a measure of disorder. the Universe always moves toward higher levels of entropy just as it only moves to higher time.
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- You can not un stir the milk out of your coffee. The milk only moves to higher disorder, higher entropy, it never reverses.
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- It follows that the Big Bang had to have the lowest entropy of the highest order, And, entropy has been increasing every since.
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- Is the increasing time continuous, or, can it be broken down to discrete packages, “atoms” of time?
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- Is space continuous or can it be broken down to discrete “atoms” of space?
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- A digital computer uses very tiny steps to measure time. Are there similar tiny steps in space and time?
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- Quantum Mechanics requires that energy come in “ quanta”, small discrete packets, tiny steps.
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- Gravity is a consequence of the curvature of space - time. If space - time is granular than gravity must be too. We even have a name for it, the “ graviton”. But, this graviton particle has yet to be discovered. Here are the tiny steps for space that come out of the math.:
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---------------------- Planck length = 10^-33 centimeters
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---------------------- Planck area = 10^-66 centimeters ^2
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------------------ Planck volume = 10^-99 centimeters ^3
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--------------- Planck time = 10^-43 seconds
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---------------After the Big Bang 100,000,000 of these Planck seconds occurred and the Cosmos experienced an acceleration faster than the speed of light. Called the “ Cosmic Inflation”. Before that the Universe was in perfect order. Ever since it has been increasing in disorder. Called “Cosmic Entropy“. As the Universe expands the fixed amount of mass and energy gets diluted into the vacuum of space.
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- Because of the Cosmic Inflation the vacuum of space is larger that the Observable Universe.
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- Since the release of the light which is now stretched to the Cosmic Microwave Background the distance between gala sixes has expanded by a factor of 1,000. Same as the wavelength of light got stretched by a factor of 1,000. However , the Observable Universe has expanded by 100,000 because the speed of galaxies separating themselves has continued while the light is on a fixed speed taking time to reach us.
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- Because the expansion of space is accelerating and because the speed of light is constant, what we see will not always be in our Observable Universe. In the future galaxies will leave our Observable Universe because they will be moving away faster then their light can reach us.
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--------------- Are we really expanding into space?
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-------------- Or, are we “ falling” into something else?
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- Falling objects are drawn into places where time passes more slowly.
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-------------------- Science is not a philosophy.
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------------ A philosophy is the unintelligible in pursuit of the undeterminable. Really we should be able to figure this stuff out. Stay tuned , there is more to learn.
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-------------- See Review #1735 running out of time with a time reviews biography.
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----- 707-536-3272 ---------------------- Friday, February 6, 2015 -----
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