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- Most everyone has heard by now that astronomers and physicists believe that 95% of the Universe is composed of matter and energy that we have not yet discovered. Called: “ Dark Matter and Dark Energy”.
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- Even in the 5% that is left as “ Ordinary Matter” there is still room for discovery. There is the dilemma of where is the anti-matter? Theory requires that there had to be equal amounts of matter and anti-matter in order for the Big Bang to start from “nothing”. Just like equal amounts of positive and negative charges needed to make the Universe neutral. Just like equal numbers of north and south magnetic poles.
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- The Big Bang was the creation of space and time that started the size of a proton and vastly expanded in the beginning, called “Cosmic Inflation“. In order to start from ‘nothing” there had to be a balance , yet, today there is a currently a matter-anti-matter imbalance.
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- Particle physics research s trying to discover why? They are using enormous “Particle Colliders” that mash together ions. Ions are the positive charged nuclei of atoms, the negative charged electrons have been removed.
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- The Collider is 2.4 miles long. Ion beams start at opposite ends and are shot towards each other at nearly the speed of light. The high speed collisions melt the protons and neutrons of the ions freeing the Quarks, Gluons, and other particles to disperse in the explosion.
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- This mini-explosion is not expected to be much different than the Big Bang itself. The super hot and super dense Universe in the beginning was a hot soup of Quarks and Gluons. There are 3 Quarks in every proton and every neutron. The Gluons are massless particles that hold the positive charged Quarks together. Just like photons are force carriers keeping protons and electrons from merging in the atom.
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- The Quark soup lasted only a few seconds. The Universe quickly expanded and cooled forming nuclei and eventually neutral atoms of hydrogen and helium. This process behaved like the phases of water transitioning from gas steam to liquid water to solid ice.
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- Particle Colliders are attempting to recreate these phase transitions that occurred in the first microseconds of the Big Bang. The temperatures created in the collisions are 100,000 time hotter than the core of the Sun.
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- The transitions appear as an “ onion” that transitions into “onion soup”. The onion layers are separations of matter into its primordial elements. There is so much more to earn in the soup.
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- The electron is one of these fundamental particles. A different particle collider is accelerating and colliding electrons and anti-electrons. The Anti-electrons are the same particle with the opposite charge, called positrons.
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- The accelerator rings are 2 miles in circumference. Magnets are used to keep the charged electrons and anti-electrons into tight beams traveling at nearly the speed of light, 186,292 miles per second. Radio frequencies are used to accelerate the beams abound the circle.
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- The accelerator is also used to create pairs of Bottom-Quarks and Bottom-Anti-Quarks.
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- One early interesting discovery is the way B-Mesons decay. The asymmetry that occurs in the decay is called “ CP violation”. Physicists today can not explain why this asymmetry happens, but, it may by why matter out creates anti-matter.
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- The speculation is that this same event occurred in the Big Bang causing the current imbalance we see in the matter-anti-matter today.
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- Stay tuned, an announcement will be made shortly.
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- Request these Reviews to learn more:
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- #1393 - Does Anti-matter really exist? It was first discovered mathematically in 1928 not in the lab until 1935.
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- #1303 Why look for anti-matter in the Antarctic?
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- #1272 - Teaching the science of anti-matter
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- #1746 - The asymmetry of matter over anti-matter may have been produced as a result of the motion of the Higgs Field.
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----- 707-536-3272 ---------------- Saturday, March 12, 2016 -----
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