- 2098 - Scientists
still cannot explain gravity. We can explain
how it works rather well. But, not the true
nature of gravity. Einstein's Theory of Relativity
is the best explanation we have. But, we
cannot reconcile that theory with the theory of quantum mechanics. Understanding gravity in the framework of quantum
mechanics is one of the great challenges in modern physics today. Is gravity even a quantum entity?
-
-
-
----------------- 2098 -
Hubble Constant and Quantum Gravity
-
- The
expansion of the Universe was calculated over 100 years ago. Recently it is being measured more precisely using
the Hubble Telescope. Results confirm
that the universe is expanding faster now than expected following the
trajectory of the Big Bang that was previously calculated.
-
- Astronomers
are using Cepheid variable stars to measure accurate distances near to and far
from Earth. These measurements over the
past six years are used to calculate how fast the Universe is expanding over
time.
-
-
Previous measurements using the Cosmic Microwave Background measurements
put the expansion rate at 67 kilometers per second faster for every 3.3 million
light years distance. The Hubble measurements
have the value at 73 kilometers per second per megaparsec. (the 3.3 million lightyears is equal to one
megaparsec.) The new result shows a 9%
faster expansion than previously determined.
-
-
The discrepancy may underlie some new physics to be discovered.
-
-
One explanation involves Dark Energy having an acceleration factor that
changes over time.
-
- A
second explanation is that the Universe contains a new subatomic particle
called a "sterile neutrino".
This new, yet to be discovered particle, travels near the speed of light
but is only affected by gravity, not by the electromagnetic forces.
-
- A
third possibility is that Dark Matter interacts more strongly with normal matter
or electromagnetic radiation than currently expected.
-
- Any
of these scenarios would change the contents of the early Universe leading to
inconsistencies in our theoretical models.
-
- Scientists
still cannot explain gravity. We can explain
how it works rather well. But, not the true
nature of gravity. Einstein's Theory of Relativity
is the best explanation we have. But, we
cannot reconcile that theory with the theory of quantum mechanics. Some think we need to discover a new particle,
the graviton, but, it could be that it is too weak to be nearly impossible to measure
its force.
-
- Quantum
effects in the gravitational field are exceptionally small. This is because the gravitational coupling constant
is 43 orders of magnitude smaller than the fine structure constant that governs
the electromagnetic fields.
-
- Understanding
gravity in the framework of quantum mechanics is one of the great challenges in
modern physics today. Is gravity even a quantum
entity?
-
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------------------------- Saturday, June 9, 2018
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