- 2808 - UNIVERSE - expansion controlled by dark matter? Dark Matter somehow forms the galaxies we have today? At some point stars of all masses that we see today appear? The smaller mass stars live for billions of years but when did they form. What role did Blackholes play in this picture?
--------------- 2808 - UNIVERSE - expansion controlled by dark matter?
- Why did the Universe turn dark, then light up again? The entire Universe is based on a single moment when time and space, matter and 3 dimensions exploded in a brilliant flash of energy.
-
- But, after that violent birth the Universe went dark. The Universe exploded as a smooth , hot , dense soup of high energy particles of matter and anti-matter. The matter and the radiation were at the same temperature. Photons could not travel without being reabsorbed and re-emitted by a particle of matter. The matter was Quarks and Gluons and Electrons that somehow survived annihilation from the anti-matter.
-
- The Universe was expanding and cooling to where Quarks would stick together with the Gluons to form protons and neutrons. The protons were still positively charged nuclei of hydrogen. This all happened in the first second after the Big Bang.
-
- Expansion and cooling continued for another 3 minutes and the protons and neutrons were able to combine to form helium and lithium nuclei Helium nuclei has 2 neutrons and 2 protons. Lithium nuclei has 3 neutrons and 3 protons.
-
- It took another 380,000 years before the expansion and cooling allowed these positively charged nuclei to capture the negatively charged electrons to form neutral hydrogen, helium and lithium atoms. When this happened the atoms became neutral and lost their electric charge.
-
- The neutral atoms no longer absorbed and emitted all the photon radiation. Photons that were linked to the naked electrons and naked protons were released and could expand freely with the expanding Universe.
-
- This first release of light is seen today as microwave radiation. The Gamma Rays that started out with this first burst of light were stretched in their wavelengths as the Universe expanded and cooled. Today it is the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation at 2.73 Kelvin, 0.15 centimeters wavelength, and 200 Gigahertz frequency
-
- The neutral atoms of hydrogen released the high energy photons however hydrogen atoms can still absorb lower energy wavelengths in the visible and ultraviolet wavelengths. This is the light absorbed in your eyes so to your eyes the Universe appears dark again.
-
- These were the Dark Ages for astronomy. There was no visible light. The cosmic soup would have been extraordinarily smooth. Ripples in the soup of neutral hydrogen would be less that 1 part in 10,000 from the average smooth density. Everything that gravity was doing to pull matter together the Universe expansion was undoing to pull matter apart.
-
- The 1 part in 10,000 ripples in the smoothness of the matter density was enough for gravity to form some lumps. Eventually the lumps grew and gravity halted expansion in that immediate region. The lumps grew to Earth-size clumps of Dark Matter.
-
- The Dark Matter clumps grew to giant halos and surrounded the visible, light producing parts of our galaxies. Dark Matter grew to 1,000 Solar Mass but visible matter was still too hot to appear.
-
- When Dark Matter grew to 10,000 Solar Mass ordinary matter of hydrogen gas began to appear. Dark Matter can not emit electromagnetic radiation. Ordinary matter can. Therefore, ordinary matter can cool and slow down as it emits electromagnetic energy, including visible light.
-
- Hydrogen and helium condensed in the centers of these Dark Matter Halos. Stars began to form when this gas collapsed into gravitational wells . When density reaches nuclear fusion the stars turned on in a burst of light.
-
- Hydrogen gas alone cools very slowly. The heavier elements did not exist yet but they cool much faster. Dark Matter halos grew to 1,000,000 Solar Mass about the time the stars turned on.
-
- All of this theory is the results from computer simulations that astronomers have developed. These simulations create stars of 100 Solar Mass. But 100 Solar Mass stars are short lived. Only 1,000,000 years before they explode as supernova.
-
- This scenario in the computer models creates many unknowns. The supernovae would release heavy metals and ultraviolet radiation that would ionize the hydrogen gases out to 1,000 lightyears from the exploding stars. This would stop the growth of neutral atoms that were releasing the light.
-
- If the star was 300 Solar Mass it would implode into a Blackhole before becoming a supernova. Either way the Universe was turning into the Dark Ages again. Astronomers really do not know what happens next. It is all a balancing act. Where does the order of the Universe come out of this chaos of matter and energy?
-
- Dark Matter somehow forms the galaxies we have today? At some point stars of all masses that we see today appear? The smaller mass stars live for billions of years but when did they form.
-
- What role did Blackholes play in this picture? Gas in-falling to a Blackhole emits ultraviolet radiation that too would ionize more gas. Did Blackholes stop again the release of visible light?
-
- All this happened in out first billion years. You probably had no idea that the material in your body is 13,700,000,000 years old. Some of those heavy elements in your body could have been born in this first billion years of universal chaos.
-
- From light to darkness to light to darkness to light again. Astronomers are getting better telescopes into space to see if we can look further back in time and unravel this mystery of those first billion years.
-
- Today’s astronomers do not just use visible light. The can use X-rays and Gamma Rays, Neutrinos and Gravity Waves, whatever will lead to new discoveries?
-
- August 31, 2020 1146 2808
----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----- Comments appreciated and Pass it on to whomever is interested. ----
--- Some reviews are at: -------------- http://jdetrick.blogspot.com -----
-- email feedback, corrections, request for copies or Index of all reviews
--- to: ------ jamesdetrick@comcast.net ------ “Jim Detrick” -----------
-- www.facebook.com -- www.twitter.com --- August 31, 2020 ----------
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
No comments:
Post a Comment