- 3765 - ENTROPY - fate of the Universe? We are convinced that the Universe is expanding at an accelerating rate. But, within the system there are fluctuations in this expansion. These uneven fluctuations are what created the structure we observe today.
--------------------- 3765 - ENTROPY - fate of the Universe?
- How “ Entropy” controls the fate of the Universe? Entropy always increases, it never decreases in a system. Can science speculate scenarios for the future of the Universe and still hold to this law in physics?
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- See Review 1914 and 1915 to learn more about “ Entropy”
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- This Review 3765 tells what happens to the Universe because entropy controls our fate.
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- The Universe we observe today is full of stars, galaxies, Blackholes, Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and radiation. It has clumps, clusters, and giant voids. It is expanding and cooling.
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- Due to the constant and finite speed of light when we look into the distant Universe we are looking into the past and we observe a Universe that is smoother, hotter, denser, less clumpy, more energetic and more uniform.
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- So, what we see today would indicate that the future Universe will be clumpier, frozen, sparser, less energetic, and emptier.
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- To wrap our heads around this evolution of the Universe as we understand it we adopt the concept of “ Entropy”. Entropy is a mathematical concept employing statistics of large numbers. We can even calculate the Entropy for the entire Universe:
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-------------------------- Entropy = 10^104 * BK
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------------------------- BK is Boltzmann’s Constant
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------------------------- BK = 1.38 * 10^-23 Joules / degrees Kelvin
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- ( See Review 1915 to learn about Boltzmann’s Constant )
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- The Entropy of the Blackhole at the center of the Milky Way Galaxy is 10^91 *BK . Most of the Entropy in the Universe is due to many, many Blackholes.
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- When the Universe was very young the Entropy was much lower. Not many Blackholes had formed yet. In the far future the Entropy will be much higher, When Blackholes decay due to Hawking Radiation, Blackholes eventually evaporate causing Entropy to increase even further.
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- When the early Universe was dominated by radiation the Entropy was :
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--------------------------- E = 10^88 * BK
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- This is less than the single Blackhole at the center of our Galaxy. Entropy was much less 13.8 billion years ago.
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- In the far future, after all the Blackholes evaporate the entropy will be:
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-------------------------- E = 10^123 * BK
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- Could the Universe expand forever, continue to accelerate until it rips entirely apart?
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- Could the Universe reverse and re-collapse, moving backwards until it becomes a single point, a “ Singularity”.
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- Could the Universe have originality stated out as a Singularity? None of the math tells us what could have happened before 10^-33 seconds closer to the beginning of time and space. Math calculations become infinities with no answers.
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- If an Inflationary State existed before the hot Big Bang the Entropy could have been:
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-------------------------- E = 10^15 * BK
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-------------------------- E = 10^15 * 1.38 * 10^-23
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-------------------------- E = 1.38 * 10^-8 Joules per Kelvin
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- But the temperature could have been billions of degrees Kelvin. So, we can not calculate the Entropy at the beginning. It could be zero.
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- The math in the theory of General Relativity takes us to a Singularity. If we introduce some other theories, quantum theories of gravity, then other scenarios can be calculated.
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- Using the math in “ Loop Quantum Gravity”, String Theory, Brane Cosmology, we can derive 4 other possibilities that are not a Singularity.
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- The Universe could go through a cycle, a stringy bounce. The Universe expands, reaches some maximum size, contracts, and re-collapses while the Entropy is increasing the entire time.
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- Another possibility is that gravity changes. gravity could get turned off for a period of time and cosmology could go into hibernation.
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- Another possibility assumes that space-time pre-exists in a variety of locations and properties. There could be multi-universes and we just happen to be in one of them.
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- One of the challenges astronomers have is to create one of these scenarios where by Entropy is continuously increasing. Most hold on to this fact the 2nd law of Thermodynamics can never be violated. Of the 4 scenarios presented the “ multi-verse”, or “reproducing cosmology” scenario easily avoids the increasing Entropy problem, the other scenarios do not adhere to the 2nd law of Thermodynamics.
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- This “Inflation” of space, creating more and more space at an exponential rate, must continue with overall Entropy of the entire system never decreasing. The multi-verse scenario is the only one to avoid this problem, so far
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- Stay tuned, an announcement will be made shortly. Request the following reviews if interested to learn more.
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- 1914 - Entropy is the arrow of time. The entropy of this room is 546 Joules per Kelvin.
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- 2421 - Too much information. A cubic centimeter of water contains 100,000 billion, billion atoms. Each atom can contain a bit of information. 4,000,000,000 years ago organisms learned of cull useful bits out of the cosmic noise.
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- 2321 - Entropy and Evolution. Good mutations win out in evolution because they are the ones that survive. Things naturally and eventually always get worse. When you get to the last heartbeat you’re done.
November 29, 2022 ENTROPY - fate of the Universe? 3765
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--------------------- --- Tuesday, November 29, 2022 ---------------------------
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