Sunday, November 3, 2024

4595 - WATER - in the early universe?

 

-  4595 -  WATER  -  in the early universe?  -    The search for life elsewhere in the universe can be reduced to the search for water. We haven't yet found lifeforms that detach this substance from our conception of "life" itself, so we have no choice but to accept the water trail as our north star in the quest to find worlds that mirror our own.

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-----------------------------------------   4595  -  WATER  -  in the early universe?

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-    A planet outside the solar system may have a temperate water ocean about half the size of the Atlantic.   Of all currently known temperate exoplanets, “LHS 1140 b” could well be our best bet to one day indirectly confirm liquid water on the surface of an alien world beyond our solar system.

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-    “LHS 1140 b”, the exoplanet orbits a red dwarf star about a fifth the size of the sun and sits 48 light-years away from Earth in the constellation Cetus which, as luck would have it, translates to "the whale."

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-    “LHS 1140 b”  lives in its star's habitable zone, known as its "Goldilocks zone." As that nickname would suggest, this is the area around a star where it's neither too hot nor too cold for a world to host liquid water, but rather fits the standard by which the fairy tale character Goldilocks lives.

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-   Scientists couldn't quite confirm whether the exoplanet is a mini-Neptune — a planet less massive than our original Neptune, but one that still has Neptunian characteristics — or a super Earth. A super Earth is a world that's larger than Earth, but still either rocky or water-rich. 

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-    They also confirmed the world may have a nitrogen-laced atmosphere like Earth does. While it is still only a tentative result, the presence of a nitrogen-rich atmosphere would suggest the planet has retained a substantial atmosphere, creating conditions that might support liquid water.

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-     There are also a variety of other habitable-zone exoplanets scientists are drawn to. The most obvious are probably the seven worlds of the TRAPPIST-1 system, a planetary lineup that looks almost disturbingly similar to our solar system's structure.   Some of them are in the habitable zone like Earth is.

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-    The star “LHS 1140” appears to be calmer and less active making it significantly less challenging to disentangle LHS 1140 b's atmosphere.    The JWST data further suggests the exoplanet's mass might be made of between 10 percent and 20 percent liquid water.    It paints a fantastical picture of what the planet might look like in simple terms. It could look like a snowball, essentially, that orbits its star while rotating in such a way that one side always faces that star.

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-    It's like the moon's orbit around Earth; we can't ever see the far side of the moon because the moon rotates at the same rate it revolves around Earth. One side never faces us, and the other always does.

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-   Similarly, this would mean that, if the JWST's illustration of the LHS 1140 b scene is correct, the side of the planet always facing its sun would be exposed to lots of heat. This would be the part of the snowball that's "melted" into a liquid ocean.

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-   Current models indicate that if LHS 1140 b has an Earth-like atmosphere, it would be a snowball planet with a bull's-eye ocean about 2,485 miles in diameter.   The surface temperature of the ocean may very well even be a  "comfortable" 68 degrees Fahrenheit.

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-   Far more work must be done, especially with the JWST, in observing the nuances of         “LHS 1140 b”.

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November 2, 2024           WATER  -  in the early universe?                  4595

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--------------------- ---  Sunday, November 3, 2024  ---------------------------------

 

 

 

 

 

           

 

 

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