- Some things you should know about your world. Often our reality is expressed in numbers. Zero is a strange number. It means nothing, but, sometimes nothing is hard to obtain. Take a vacuum for example. A vacuum is just space. A vacuum is defined as the physical state with the lowest possible energy. However, in our real world the lowest possible energy is not zero energy. Even in a vacuum, even in empty space, there are particles and fields that exist and they carry energy.
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- The laws of Quantum Mechanics allow particles to pop in an out of existence as long as it happens in a small fraction of time. The more massive the “ virtual particle” the shorter the amount of time it can exist.
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- It is current belief in physics that a Higgs Field exists in a vacuum. The Higgs Field is an omnipresent field that is responsible of the different masses of all the fundamental particles.
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- The energy of a vacuum although tiny on worldly scales becomes considerable on astronomical scales. It is the energy of the vacuum in space that is collectively known as “ Dark Energy “. It is the energy that is responsible for the Universes expansion at an even accelerating rate. Space is expanding and all matter in the Universe is going away from us, if it is not overpowered by gravity in a localized area of space.
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- A great mystery in physics today is that Dark Energy is very small, some 20 orders of magnitude smaller that the calculations made using Quantum Mechanic equations for particles and fields for energy in a vacuum. Multiplying anything by 10 adds a zero to it. 20 orders of magnitude adds 20 zeros. The radius of the Earth is 6.4*10^9 meters. The wavelength of ultraviolet light is 10^10-9 meters. These 2 distances are 18 orders of magnitude differing in size. That gives you some indication how much 20 orders of magnitude would be.
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- The distance light travels in one year is 6 trillion miles 6*10^12 miles. In 1983 International Standards define the length of one meter to be the distance light travels in 1 / 299,792,458 seconds. Light only travels this fast in a vacuum. In all other media it travels slower than the 186,282 miles per second.
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- Baryons are “ ordinary matter” that we know and understand. However, baryonic matter and energy only comprise 4.6% of the matter-energy in the Universe. The other 95.4% is called Dark Matter and Dark Energy that we are trying to understand.
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- Dark Matter is 22.8%. It was first discovered when astronomers calculated the motion of galaxies. The calculations did not make sense unless there was 5 times more mass out there around the galaxy that was not accounted for in what we could see. It was not ordinary matter that makeup the stars and planets. Dark Matter was invisible and undetectable except by gravity. Dark matter is 83% of all matter and all matter is only 27.4 % of the total matter-energy in the Universe. 72.6% of the Universe is not matter it is energy, Dark Energy. Because space is expanding, the proportion of Dark Energy in the Universe is growing. When the Universe was ¼th its present size Dark Energy in space was only 5% of the total mass-energy. Mass and gravity were dominant in the beginning.
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---------------------- ¼ size ----------------- 5% Dark Energy
---------------------- ½ size ----------------- 20% Dark Energy
---------------------- 1 size ----------------- 73% Dark Energy
---------------------- 2 size ----------------- 90% Dark Energy
---------------------- 4 size ----------------- 98% Dark Energy
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- 72.6% makes Dark Energy the dominant mass-energy in today’s Universe. The Universe keeps getting less dense and more diluted, and cooler. Today it is only 3 degrees Kelvin. 3 degrees above absolute zero temperature. -270 degrees Centigrade. Today space is expanding at 73.8 kilometers per second per mega parsec. Translated to units we know this expansion is 47,000 miles per hour per million lightyears of space.
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- In some areas of this Universe gravity is still stronger than Dark Energy. Gravity is directly proportional to the masses and inversely proportional t the square of the distance between the masses. The gravitational constant that turns this proportionality into an equality is the Gravitational Constant ,G.
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---------------------- Force of Gravity = G * M * m / r^2
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--------------------- G = 6.673*10^-11
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--------------------- G = 0.000,000,000,066,73, which is a very small number.
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- There are several other numbers that you should know about your world:
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---------------------The age of the Universe = 13,725,000,000 years
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-------------------- The number of galaxies = 125,000,000,000
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-------------------- The number of planets = 125,000,000,000 of which about 1,000 have been discovered so far.
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--------------------- The diameter of the Milky Way Galaxy = 120,000 lightyears
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-------------------- The nearest other star from us = 4.22 lightyears.
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------------------------- The number of planets with life = 1
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- Maybe, an announcement will be made shortly, stay tuned.
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707-536-3272, Monday, May 21, 2012
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