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- Cosmology is a form of intellectual time travel. Looking out 13.8 billion lightyears distance is looking backward in time to when the Universe began. In the first few seconds the Universe expanded at an exponential rate causing the Universe to grow in size to where we can no longer see the other side. That light will never have time to reach us.
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- The photons of the most distant Universe are so far away they will never have time to reach us even while traveling at 300,000,000 meters per second. The Cosmic Inflation that occurred at 10^-36 seconds expanded space by a factor of 1,050 in an instant of time. There is no way to ever catch up with this.
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- After the Cosmic Inflation event the Universe continued to expand at its slower pace. Today it is still expanding at 47,000 miles per hour for every million lightyears of space being occupied.
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- As photons travel through expanding space they stretch out and loose energy. Their wavelengths widen, their frequency decreases.
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-------------------------- Energy = Plank’s Constant * Speed of Light / wavelength
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--------------------------- E = h * c / w
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- The inverse relationship means the wider the wavelength the lower the energy. ( See footnote 1 to learn how the formula works).
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- Wider wavelengths are characterized by shifting the spectrum of light towards the wider wavelengths, the red end of the spectrum. Thus the “ Redshift”. When photon wavelengths reach us they have been Redshifted in accordance to the distance they have traveled through space.
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- In addition to distance, we are seeing objects that are as they were billions of years ago. These faraway galaxies appear to be moving away from us at a rate that is proportional to the Redshift of their light.
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- The speed of light is the same when compared in all inertia reference frames. As a stationary observer I see the same speed of light as an astronaut in a spaceship zooming past Neptune at 25,000 miles per hour. The photon always travels 300,000,000 meters per second away from , or towards, an observer regardless of the changing reference frame.
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- Space-time is expanding but not with respect to anything outside of itself. Distant galaxies can be receding away from us faster than the speed of light. However, you as an observer on one of those galaxies would still see light at the same constant speed.
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- STRANGE: We can see objects that have accelerated beyond our ability to see them today because the light we see today was emitted when the objects were within our ability to see them.
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- The Observable Universe has a horizon that marks the distance to the farthest light that we can see at this moment in time. That distance by the way is about 46 billion lightyears in every direction, 250 billion trillion miles.
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- This horizon encompasses all the events in the past that we can currently see. It is also the distance a future observer will be able to see when that ancient light finally reaches us.
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- STRANGER STILL: There are regions of the Universe that we will never see. The velocity of the expanding Universe is actually increasing. Cosmological calculations today suggest that the Universe expansion is outpacing the growth of our Observable Universe. Today’s models fit the current data but the truth be known none of us will live long enough to see if outcomes match predictions.
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- STRANGEST: The strangest thing in the Universe is that we are here thinking about the strangest thing in the Universe.
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- STRANGER STILL: Strange does not stop with an accelerating expanding Universe. Then there is the knowledge that energy and mass are the same thing. Or the faster you go the heavier you get. Energy is not stationary. It is moving at 300 million meters per second. A small amount of matter equates to a tremendous amount or energy, E=mc^2. Energy equals mass time 90,000,000,000,000,000.
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- There is a limit to the faster you go the heavier you get approaching the speed of light you reach infinite mass and require infinite energy to go any faster.
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- This conversion of mass to energy can be reversed. Science today is able to transform light into a very small amount of matter. Science is still working on this.
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- If you cannot explain it simply enough you don’t understand it well enough. Life is grown in complexity to where it becomes aware of itself.
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- Footnote (1): Here is how light transports energy. Each photo has a fixed amount of energy traveling at light speed, h = 6.63*10^-34 Joule-seconds. It is Planck’s Constant of Action, “h”
----------------------------- E = h * f
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- The higher the frequency of light the greater the energy.
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----------------------- Energy = Planck’s Constant * frequency
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---------------------- Frequency = Speed of light / wavelength
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----------------------- f = c / w
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- A wavelength of 590 nanometers of yellow light emitted by a 60 watt light bulb has a frequency of 0.51 * 10^15 cycles per second, or 0.51 terahertz.
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----------------------- f = 300*10^6 meters per second / 590 * 10^-9 meters
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----------------------- f = 0.51 * 10^15 cycles per second
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- The rate of photons emitted per second from the 60watt light bulb at the single frequency of 0.51 terahertz =
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------------------- N = E / h*f
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------------------- N = 60 Joule - seconds / (6.63*10^-34 Joule * seconds * 0.51*10^15 cycles per second)
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-------------------- N = 1.8 * 10^20 photons per second
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- The 590 nanometer wavelengths each second carry 180,000,000,000,000,000,000 photons. The eyeball is awash with photons.
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