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----------------- 1824 - Cosmic Inflation
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- The Universe is almost 14 billion years old. So light has been expanding for 14 years and has expanded 14 billion lightyears distance in all directions. We can see 13 billion lightyears in one direction with our best telescopes. Then, rotate the telescope 180 degrees and we can see 13 billion lightyears in the opposite direction.
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- What we see in both directions looks exactly the same structure and composition. But, those two locations are 26 billion lightyears apart. There is no way light could have reached across the great distance of space that is between them.
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- To explain this Alan Guth came up with “ Cosmic Inflation” For a brief time after the Big Bang the Universe, space, expanded faster than the speed of light. Therefore, those two regions in opposite directions were at one time side by side. They can look the same if they were one Cosmic cloud in the very beginning.
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- Cosmic Inflation explains this in theory, however, astronomers can find no observational evidence to how or why the theory could be true.
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- The theory required subatomic variations, fluctuations, to expand to several centimeters in diameter in one-trillionth of a trillionth of a trillionth of a second, (10^-36 seconds).
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- Cosmic Inflation is miraculously faster that light. It is the growth of space. Over 14 billion years of evolution has taken us from Quarks in atoms to stars and planets. Truly miraculous!
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- How do you explain this miracle?
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- Alan Guth says that space-time had a negative pressure, a repulsive force, that counter-acts gravity. This force burped outward for a fraction of a second driving exponential growth faster than the speed of light. Space can do this, it does not violate the law that not matter can travel faster than light. If matter tries this as it approaches light speed lengths get shorter and time gets slower. Matter can never get there, else time would stop.
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- Today Inflation is used to explain why space is “ flat” and why the entire Universe is connected as one. “ Flat” means the Universe has the critical density to just balance gravity attractive pull and Dark Energy repulsive push. This is a “ flat critical geometry” in contrast to a closed spherical geometry or an open saddle- shaped geometry.
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- To find evidence of Cosmic Inflation astronomers are looking for Gravity Waves. Such a tremendous expansion must have created giant waves in space-time.
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- One hope is to find clues in the Cosmic Microwave Background Radiation ( CMB). This radiation fills the sky and travels in all directions over the life of the Universe. The Universe started out as charged particles, Quarks (positive charge) and electrons (negative charge). Photons just bounced between the charges, never getting free for the first 380,000 years of expansion. After 380,000 years of expansion and cooling the plasma reached 3,000K. Protons and electrons could then combine to become neutral hydrogen. Photons escaped into expanding space as the first light.
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- After expanding 13.8 billion years the Gamma Ray photons have lost energy with widening bandwidths to now be in the microwave region of the electromagnetic spectrum. The temperatures in space have cooled to just under 3K.
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- Astronomers are searching this microwave radiation for signs of inflation, for gravity waves, for waves in light polarization, for density variations, for any evidence that proves Gravity Waves exist and Cosmic Inflation happened.
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- Quantum fluctuations , varying 1 part in 100,000 do appear as slight temperature variations across the CMB. These fluctuations could cause enough density concentrations to allow gravity to form the first stars.
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- If waves can be detected and if they are all traveling in the same direction they are said to be polarized. Electromagnetic radiation is an electric wave and a magnetic wave traveling at right angles to each other with the forward velocity of 186,282 miles per second. If light is polarized these perpendicular waves are lined up in the same direction.
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- (That is the way Polaroid dark glasses work They are a crystal filter that just passes light polarized in one direction. The glasses reflect the light lined up in any other direction.)
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- The hope is that telescopes will become sensitive enough to detect this polarization in the CMB. This could lead us to the discovery of Gravity Waves, maybe?
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- The instruments being used are studying frequency of 95 gigahertz where it is believed to have the most sensitivity to the CMB variations.
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- Here is a summary of what we have learned so far:
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-------------------- (1) The overall geometry is flat, implying the mass-energy is close to the critical density.
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------------------- (2) The density of ordinary matter is 4.4% of the critical density.
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------------------ (3) The total density of matter is 27% of the critical density, concluding that Dark Matter is 23%.
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------------------- (4) Flat geometry and matter density lower than critical implies the existence of 73% that is Dark Energy. Repulsive energy that is accelerating the expansion of space.
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---------------(5) The Universe’s age should be abut 13.7 billion years to have cooled to 2.73 K. This agrees with Hubble’s constant of expansion of 49,000 miles per hour per million lightyears distance.
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- Stay tuned an announcement will be made shortly
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- Request these Reviews to learn more:
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- #1680 - BICEP2 telescope detector cooled to 4.0 K with a beam size of 0.22 degrees to measure the temperature variations of 0.000,000,85 degrees Kelvin.
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- #1586 - Measuring the Cosmic Microwave Background. Our Milky Way Galaxy is 114,000 lightyears across. The critical density variations of the CMB are 113,000 lightyears across.
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- #1305 - What do Cosmic Harmonics tell us. CMB radiation started 115,000 years after the Big Bang and ended 487,000 years after the Big Bang. The 380,000 years was the peak of the Recombination.
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- #836 - The Cosmic Ladder. If the HUBBLE Constant is truly constant at 49,000 mph / million lightyears then the Universe is 13.6 billion years old. If not a constant then it is a good average.
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----- 707-536-3272 ---------------------- Thursday, February 4, 2016 -----
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