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----------------- - 1831 - From Blackholes to Empty Space?
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- Blackholes are concentrated regions of space where matter and energy are squashed so densely that the gravitational escape velocity exceeds the speed of light. Nothing can exceed the speed of light so not even light can escape. In contrast there is empty space where there is no mass there is no gravity. There is nothing in space to impede the speed of light.
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- The idea is that the Big Bang itself could have started out as an enormous Blackhole 13.8 billion years ago. The dense point is called a “singularity” that somehow it reversed itself, bounced outwards, and began expanding creating space and time as it recreated the Universe from “nothing” it just left. Today we are still expanding.
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- Could there really have been a Blackhole so big it contained the whole Universe inside it? Studying Blackholes and Big Bang currently have different theories of explanation.
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- The difficulty in studying the Big Bang and Blackholes is that as variables approach the infinities in the math they blow up the equations. Math no longer works. We just do not have the theories to deal with it.
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- For lack of better term, when the math breaks down we just call it a “ singularity”, a point of infinite density.
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- The only difference in describing the Blackhole and the Big Bang is that the math for the Big Bang has the changing time dimension. With the Blackhole the math assumes a static condition. With the Big Bang over time the gravity is trying to compress the Universe but it is overpowered by the Dark Energy trying to expand it. This happened about 4 billion years ago when Dark Energy began accelerating the expansion of the Universe. Today the Universe is expanding at a faster and faster accelerating rate. We do not know what is causing it.
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- In the early Universe everything was perfectly smooth and uniform. The only variations were the Uncertainty Principle governing sub-atomic particles. The chaos of particles had no point of concentrated density that would be needed to begin forming a Blackhole. Only after the Universe expanded and small regions increased in density to where gravity could start to gather mass to form stars and galaxies.
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- When all the mass is uniform you can feel no gravity. There is the same density of mass in every direction. It all cancels out. Blackholes came back on the scene millions of years after the Big Bang when densities could become concentrated enough for gravity to take over.
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- On the other end of the scale, between concentrations of mass we have empty space. The space is not truly empty. It still contains a few particles. Our attempts to recreate this “ empty space” , a “ vacuum”, fall miserably short. The best example is the Large Hadron Collider, a particle accelerator in Switzerland. The 17 mile long vacuum tube is colliding two proton beams that are racing around the circle. The protons make over a million loops before colliding head on.
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- Ideally the beams would travel in tubes containing a prefect vacuum. Unfortunately, there is no such thing. The LHC’s best they can do vacuum still contains 3 million molecules per cubic centimeter. This is about the same density as the “ vacuum” of outer space 620 miles above the Earth.
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- Space between galaxies contains only a few hydrogen atoms per one cubic meter, 1,000,000 cubic centimeters.
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- These are particles we can measure. Theory has it that space contains particles that we can not measure because they pop in and out of existence too quickly. They are called “virtual particles”. They exist and disappear so quickly there is no way to detect them. Virtual Particles appear to be matter-anti-matter pairs that annihilate each other almost instantaneously.
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- In addition to this , space also contains radiation photons. The most ubiquitous is the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation that was released as soon as the Big Bang expanded and cooled enough for neutral atoms to allow the release of photons. So, you agree there is no part of space that is truly empty.
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- The densities of the Universe span from the vacuum of space to the singularity of a Blackhole and all the stuff in between. We appear to exist somewhere in the middle with a density of 1,000 kilograms / cubic meter.
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------------------- Gold -------------------- 19,290 kg/m^3
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------------------- Coal -------------------- 1,350
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------------------ Water -------------------- 1,000
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-------------------Air ( 17C) --------------- 128
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------------------ Ice ----------------------- 913
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------------------- Teeth ----------------- 2,900
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------------------- Sun’s center ----------- 160,000
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------------------ Dwarf Stars -------------- 10^10
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----------------- Uranium Nucleus -------- 10^18
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---------------- Blackhole ------------------ 10^19 or maybe the center is a Singularity at infinite density. We do not really know.
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- Stay tuned, an announcement will be made shortly.
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- Request these Reviews to learn more:
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- #1790 - Explains why space and time must change in order to adhere to the Theory of Relativity.
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- #1773 - The size of space depends on you fast you are moving.
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- #1407 - Space is in constant motion.
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- #1241 - at the smallest levels things remain connected even though they are separated in space.
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----- 707-536-3272 ---------------------- Sunday, February 21, 2016 -----
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