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------------ 1882 - Could Blackholes explain Dark Matter?
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- We live in a expanding Universe. All the galaxies are flying away from each other. The question always is, “ What are they expanding in to?” “ Is there an edge?”
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- We do have an edge for the “ observable Universe”. Light has been traveling for 13.77 billion years. So, at 13.77 billion light years there is an edge that is as far as we can see. Light beyond that has not have had enough time to reach us, yet.
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- We think we are in the center because everything is moving away from us. However, put yourself anywhere else in the Universe and you sense the same thing. It is the fact that in between ALL the galaxies the space is expanding and those galaxies are moving apart.
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- There are a few exceptions where the force of gravity is overpowering the local area pressure from Dark Energy. But, that is just “ local”. The force of gravity falls off as the square of distance. Dark Energy pressure remains constant even growing with the greater volumes of space. Dark Energy is winning over Gravity.
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- So, what is the Universe expanding into? Only time. In the Universe space expands into time. So, is there an edge to time?
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- Also, the Universe is expanding at an accelerating rate, distance divided by time squared. ( a = d / t^2). Is there an edge to the rate of acceleration? Astronomers have created a 3-D map of 3,000 galaxies that are 13 billion light years away. ( The Observable Universe is 13.77 billion light years away, in all directions). The data is from the Fiber Multi-Object Spectrograph on Subaru Telescope studying galaxies billions of lightyears distant.
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- In addition to confirming expanding acceleration this same survey has uncovered why star producing galaxies cease to create new stars. Star systems go dormant because low energy, super massive Blackholes produce interstellar winds of heat and intensity that suppress star formation. It is this galactic warming that turns active galaxies into sleeping, quiescent star system.
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- Stars form from gas, but, the gas has to cool down in order to condense into matter. This galactic warming suppresses this process from happening.
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- Blackholes are not only at the center of galaxies. The entire galaxy itself may be embedded in a halo, a vast sphere of Blackholes each about 30 times the mass of the Sun. 27% of the mass of the Universe is “ Dark Matter”. Astronomers do not know what this is? The leading theory was that Dark Mater was composed of a new particle that does not interact with electromagnetic force but does interact with gravity force.
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- But, these mysterious particles have yet to be detected. A new theory is evolving. Could Dark Matter be primordial Blackholes that formed in the first seconds of the Big Bang? That would mean that our Milky Way Galaxy is surrounded by a sphere of Blackholes.
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- Astronomers recently detected a background glow in the infrared that had the same “patchy” pattern in the X-Ray spectrum. The only objects that are luminous across this wide of an energy range are Blackholes.
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- LIGO, the Laser Interferometer Gravitational Wave Observatory, recently detected gravity waves emitted by a pair of merging Blackholes , each about 30 Solar Mass. If there are many of these then the 27% Dark Matter may be made up of these primordial Blackholes. Every galaxy may exist within a halo of Blackholes all about this same size.
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- Similar to the Cosmic Microwave Background radiation that has been studied over the past 50 years, the 2005 discovery has a 13 billion year old Cosmic Infrared background radiation with the same” patchy structure”. Then in 2013 a similar matching, “patchy pattern” was discovered in a Cosmic X-ray background. The patchiness would have originated in quantum fluctuations when the particles first formed in the Big Bang and then have expanded to this size.
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- The first stars after the Big Bang emitted optical and ultraviolet light. Ultraviolet wavelengths traveling through space are stretched in expanding space and would be in the infrared today. X-Rays can only be explained if Blackholes were abundant among these earliest stars.
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- LIGO’s detection occurred September 14, 2015. The merging Blackholes were 1.3 billion lightyears away. The masses of the pair were 29 and 36 Solar Mass ( + or - 4 SM). These could be primordial Blackholes. Primordial means they would have been created within the first 500 million years of the Universe. During that time the temperatures were too high for Normal Matter to coalesce. However, Dark matter could have collapsed into mini-halos during that time.
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- Matter falling into Blackholes heats up to produce X-Rays. The first stars produced infrared. The two together could explain this patchiness in the Cosmic Background having both these frequencies.
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- Blackholes that get close enough together get gravitationally captured into a binary system. Emitting gravitational waves of radiation causes their orbits to loose energy and spiral into each other. Eventually merging into a single Blackhole.
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- Many more observations are needed to give these theories credence. Now that LIGO has made its first detections we are hoping for many more to follow. Stay tuned, an announcement will be made shortly.
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- Request these Reviews to learn more about Blackholes:
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- #1869 - Blackhole mysteries, how big can they get.
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- # 1843 to #453 there are 24 more reviews about Blackholes. Request the index of Reviews for details.
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----- 707-536-3272 ---------------- Sunday, June 5, 2016 -----
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