Tuesday, January 10, 2017

Is gravity a universal force?

-  1913  -  Is gravity a universal force?  Is it the same everywhere?  Astronomers have measured light that has traveled a distance of 8,000,000,000 lightyears.  Conclusion  -  the laws of physics are the same everywhere.
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-----------------------------  1913  -  Is gravity a universal force?
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-  Is gravity a universal force the same throughout the Universe?  Isaac Newton started our understanding of gravity as a “ force” of nature.  Like magnetic force.  Like the strong nuclear force.  Albert Einstein changed the concept of gravity as a force at all.  Gravity ‘forces” are the result of the warping of space and time.  So, space was no longer constant.  It was a flexible quantity.  Time was now longer a constant flow, it changed depending on the velocity it was traveling.  Gravity is falling down the slope of curved space-time.
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-   There are 4 forces in nature.  Electromagnetism, Strong and Weak Nuclear forces are interactive forces that are much , much stronger than gravity.
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-  Could it be that gravity is not a “ fundamental force’” created by space, time, mass and energy?  Is this reality merely a stage evolving from a more fundamental force that we have yet to discover?
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-  Where to start with this idea?
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-  Could gravity exist as “ quantum units”, and not as what we perceive as a “ continuous force”.
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-  One investigation involves understanding the “Entropy” of a Blackhole which is proportional to the Blackhole’s surface area ( not its volume ).  A second avenue of investigation is Stephen Hawking’s theory that the temperature of a Blackhole is proportional to the acceleration at the Blackhole’s Event Horizon.  ( Request Review #964 to learn more about Entropy )
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-  With Einstein’s equations for General Relativity the 4 dimensions of space-time incorporating Dark Energy as a positive Cosmological Constant could explain gravity.  The problem comes from the assumptions needed in the equations that do not allow for the gravitational acceleration of the galaxies.  We are missing something?  All observations conclude that galaxies are flying apart at an accelerating rate.  Another missing force must exist to cause this acceleration.
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-  The composition and structure of the Universe have changed over time but the laws of physics have not.
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-  One confirmation that occurred last month ( November, 2016) was measurements made on a galaxy 8 billion lightyears away.  The galaxy had a super-massive Blackhole at its center.  At the event Horizon the Blackhole it is consuming mass as the gas and dust orbits are descending.  The violent collisions occurring at this interface expels tremendous amounts of radio, microwave, infrared, optical , ultraviolet, X-ray, and Gamma Ray energy.  This radiation is visible over billions of lightyears distance.  When this electromagnetic energy travels this great distance it encounters many of the elements in the intergalactic medium.  Most encounters are with hydrogen and helium atoms, but, a few other elements as well.  When the light energy is absorbed by these atoms, absorption lines are created in the electromagnetic spectrum.   Each atom has unique electron shells and each absorption bar-code represents a unique quantum of energy.  This unique signature is used to identify each element
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-  What is learned by studying this light from 8 billion lightyears away with that same phenomena occurring in our own Milky Way Galaxy is that electromagnetic energy is a consistent force over time.  It always behaves the same everywhere and always.
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-  These studies are attempts to understand and “ unify” electromagnetism, nuclear forces and that of gravity.  Unifying “ Quantum Theory” with “ General Relativity Theory”.  How does gravity work, really?  Today the equations in these two theories are not compatible.  One only works on small things and the other only on large things.  We need one theory that works on everything , everywhere.  We are not there yet.
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-  Stay tuned, there is much more to learn.
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