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----------------------------- 1934 - Can Dark Matter make Blackholes?
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- For almost 100 years now astronomers have tried to account for the size and the mass-energy of the Universe. They postulate that 27% is made of unknown mass and 63% is composed of an unknown energy source. Most of this mass is invisible. It is called “Dark Matter”, or missing baryonic matter. Normal matter that is visible comprises only 4.5% of this total.
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- The “unknown energy” is called “ Dark Energy” and it is “ whatever” is responsible for the Universe’ constant and accelerating expansion. We do not know what is causing this?
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- There are two categories for Dark Matter, Cold and Hot. These are astronomical terms that do not refer to temperature, but to the size of the particles and their thermodynamic properties. Cold Dark Matter would be in the form of more massive particles that could include Blackholes, or near invisible Brown Dwarf planets, or some undiscovered heavy particles called WIMPS, Weakly Interactive Massive Particles.
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- “Cold Dark Matter” particles could have low root-mean-square velocities due to their large mass, > 100 GeV, which is 100 times the mass of a proton. Cold large particles would have low thermal velocities which would allow clumping into dwarf galaxies. To support this theory astronomers are trying to find low-mass galaxies with cosmic-time redshifts of “z” between 6 and 8, between 12.7 and 13.0 billion lightyears away.
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- “z” is the symbol for “ redshift”. It is the amount of shift of wavelength toward the red-end of the light spectrum. Red color has larger wavelengths. The faster the expansion the wider the wavelengths “w” and the more distant the light source.
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---------------------- z = “w” observed - “w” at rest / “w” at rest
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- For redshifts of 6 to 8 the galaxies would be extremely faint with Absolute Magnitudes of -12 to -13 and be at very large distances of 12 to 13 billion lightyears away. The age of the Universe is 13.8 billion years. So, this is getting close to the Big Bang.
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- There are current infrared astronomy missions designed to detect these distant dwarf galaxies and to support the “ Cold Dark Matter” theory. Question to be answered: “ Why can’t we see Dark Matter that makes up to 27% of the mass-energy of the Universe?”
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- To find dwarf galaxies we might begin looking in our own neighborhood. The Milky Way and Andromeda Galaxies are surrounded by many dwarf galaxies Astronomers have identified roughly 50 of these dwarf galaxies orbiting our Milky Way. These galaxies range in size from several billion stars to a few hundred stars. The Milky Way contains between 100 billion and 1,000 billion stars.
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- Dark Matter is believed to be the key to galaxy formation. Dark Matter provides the gravity to attract Ordinary Matter into a single area where ordinary matter gravity and the electromagnetic forces can take over.
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- Astronomers find Dark Matter clumps by measuring motion and composition of ordinary visible stars. Smaller dwarf galaxies can behave like more massive galaxies due to the gravity inference of invisible Dark Matter.
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- Dwarf galaxies are becoming an ideal tool in order to study Dark Matter. Most dwarf galaxy’s stars formed over 10 billion years ago. Current theory is that many of these dwarf galaxies merged to form larger ordinary galaxies.
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- By analyzing the elements in the stars of dwarf galaxies astronomers can learn the conditions and mechanisms of early star formation in the Universe. These galaxies should contain many first generation stars.
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- Looking at mass alone, not including energy, then 85% of the mass in the Universe is Dark Matter. This appears to be the cosmic glue that holds the Universe together. Many dwarf galaxies have so few stars, so diffuse, that without Dark Matter they could not be held together. This brings up the question: “ Are there pure Dark Matter galaxies out there? , With no Ordinary Mater at all?, no stars? “
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- Dark Matter out weighs normal matter 5 to 1. It does not absorb or emit light, or any electromagnetic radiation. It does interact with normal matter gravitationally. That is how it holds galaxies together. But, could Dark Matter form its own Blackhole? No. It can not form stars or planets either.
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- The difference is he electromagnetic force unique to “ light”. Gravity can bring gas and particles together, but, they “stick” together due to the electromagnetic forces. This is how a “fluffy” structure becomes denser to form atoms, stars and planets. It is the electromagnetic force that forms all “ Normal Matter.
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- Because there is no electromagnetic forces in Dark Matter the particles are unbound and stretch into giant ellipses. Gravity is such a weak force compared to the electromagnetic force. Gravity alone can not make a Blackhole.
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- Now you know how galaxies form, but, how does Dark Matter form? Answer that and you will get a Nobel Prize. This is one of the many mysteries still to be discovered in our Universe. Stay tuned, an announcement will be made shortly.
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- Note (1): Request any of the Reviews by number to learn more.
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- #1850 - Dark Matter, do we have it right this time?
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- #1823 - Dark Matter and the extinction of the dinosaurs.
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- #1820 - Dark Matter, what do we know about it matters.
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- #1777 - and, listing 12 more reviews about Dark Matter.
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----- 707-536-3272 ---------------- Wednesday, February 15, 2017 -----
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