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----------------------------- 1929 - Light is photons.
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- How does the Sun shine? By nuclear fusion. It is fusing hydrogen into helium with a little radiation energy left over. The radiation starts out as Gamma Rays. It finally reaches us as visible light. The blue light wavelengths get scattered by the gas molecules in our atmosphere creating the Blue Sky.
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- This simple fusion reaction powers the Sun up to 96 billion megatons of power output per second.
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- That amounts to 96,000,000,000 H-Bombs going off continuously.
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- Our Sun is just an average star. Larger stars like Rigel and Deneb release 240,000 times the Sun’ s energy. Can you imagine having that many sun’s in the sky.
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- Rigel is in the Constellation Orion with 70,000 Solar Luminosity.
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- Deneb is in the Constellation Cygnus with 170,000 Solar Luminosity.
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- Stars are non-stop explosions, but, their last explosions are supernovae. Stars die as supernovae and their central cinder left behind becomes a Neutron Star, or a Blackhole.
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- We experienced a supernova explosion in the Crab Nebulae on the 4th or July 1054. Too early for an Independence Day Celebration here in the US. Even 963 years later this explosion is still continuously emitting the energy of 75,000 Suns.
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- Nuclear fusion only converts 0.7% of the four hydrogen to one helium mass to energy. To get to 100% we need to merge matter and anti-matter. When electrons meet positrons (which are anti-electrons) there is a 100% conversion to Gamma Rays. A single gram of this cocktail would power a 100 watt light bulb for 30,000 years. A dollar bill weighs a gram. Converting a dollar bill to 100% energy would power a 1 horsepower motor from 1500 B.C. to the year 2017. Can you imagine pulling up to a gas station and saying “ give me a dollar’s worth”.
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- If we could just produce anti-matter it would solve a lot of our world’s energy problems. The CERN Large Hadron Collider in Switzerland can produce 10 million anti-protons per minute. Why not put them to good use?
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- Well, 10 million per minute would still take 100 billion years to make a single gram of anti-protons, ( anti-hydrogen). That is a long time to wait for a dollar’s worth.
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- Why mess with matter at all. Let’s go directly to space for our power. We could use “vacuum energy”. Zero-point vacuum energy would create the greatest amount of power imaginable.
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- According to Quantum Mechanics a vacuum is not empty at all. It is filled with the Quantum Energy of particles blinking into and out-of existence so quickly we can not detect them. The blink is faster than can be measured and the blink cancels out any release of energy.
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- Could science ever even measure these quantum fluctuations?
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- Every time we probe and measure a quantum system we destroy it.
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- According to Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle there is a lower limit that can ever be known about a quantum particle. A vacuum is filled with particle -anti-particle pairs that continually appear and disappear randomly. They are more like “ virtual particles” than “real” particles.
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- Maybe we can “ indirectly” measure these quantum fluctuations?
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- Quantum Fluctuations can produce randomly fluctuating electric fields.
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- In 2015 a German team of scientists claimed they have detected these vacuum fluctuations by observing their electric field interactions with a light wave. Super short laser pulses lasting a few femto-seconds fired into a vacuum experienced subtle changes in the polarization of the light..
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- This team is studying the effects of these fluctuations in the “time domain”. It turns out that in a vacuum space and time behave in the same way. Better read that again: It is space-time.
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- When measured in the time domain the effect of squeezing the vacuum can speed up or slow down the quantum fluctuations. With these measurements science can directly detect the electromagnetic background noise of the vacuum.
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- What can we learn by probing the quantum state of light in a vacuum? This is invisible behavior of light at the quantum level. What are photons? Really? An announcement will be made shortly, stay tuned. We are still looking into it.
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- See Review #1474 - Interesting numbers that define our Universe.
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- Baryonic matter and energy only comprise 4.6% or the matter-energy in the Universe.
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----- 707-536-3272 ---------------- Tuesday, February 7, 2017 -----
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