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----------------- 1762 - Delving into Extreme Physics.
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- An X-ray image of the sky:
- Quantum Mechanics and Special Relativity are two all encompassing theories that help explain much of our real world. However, they do not encompass each other. One works in the micro-world the other in the macro-world. So, we must be missing something that encompasses both?
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- Quantum Mechanics provides the math that accurately, without error, describes the sub-atomic world. Special Relativity gives us the math to describe the Universe at large with extreme mass and extreme speeds. The Big Bang and Blackholes are extreme events that require both sets of equations. But, they both cease to work in each other’s realm. There must be an over arching theory that works at both of these extremes?
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- Just as Isaac Newton’s theory of gravity that gave us equations for all gravitational force. And, as Albert Einstein’s theory of the curvature of space and time encompasses the force of gravity but carries it further to the constant speed of light and the relative nature of space and time. Then, a new theory may be needed to encompass what we have today and carry us to the nest step. We have yet to learn what that theory is.
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- Our world should be described by the sum of its individual constituents, down to the smallest particles. However, Quantum Mechanics requires that particles at the smallest level be waves having no definite position. Individual particles have no exact locations. The micro-world is fraught with these uncertainties.
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- Quantum Mechanics requires that some particles can have their properties “entangled” with other particles regardless of their location or the degree of separation. Somehow particles can be connected beyond “ locality”. Beyond any ability to communicate with each other.
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- “Non-locality” as it is described requires a communication between particles that can occur instantaneously, regardless of separation, and therefore, faster that the speed of light. The Theory of Relativity says this can not happen. Relativity does not allow absolute simultaneity.
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- Can we understand the real world only by direct experience?
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- Quantum Mechanics has evolved attributes that go beyond our experience, even contradicting it. Attributes such as Superposition, Entanglement, Randomness, Decoherence, are resources used to better understand reality using Quantum Mechanics Theory.
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- Superposition is a quantum theory that claims an object is in all possible states and is only limited to a single state at the instant you measure or observe it.
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- Quantum Entanglement is a physical occurrence where particles can share a property instantaneously while separated great distances. Entangled electrons, one spin up, the other spin down , separated far enough the speed of light can not communicate between them. Switching one electron to spin down will instantly switch the other to spin up, faster than the speed of light.
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- Uncertainty Principle introduces a fundamental limit to the precision with which certain pairs of complementary properties can be measured. The more accurately we measure “position” of a particle the less accurately we can learn about its “momentum“.
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- Decoherence gives the appearance of a Quantum Wave Function collapsing from many possibilities to a single possibility only when it is observed.
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- Randomness is where something can not be predicted with probabilities. However, statistically many “random” events at the microscopic level, such as atomic decay, can be calculated precisely at the macro level, such as the half-life of radioactive atoms.
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- Physicists, like anyone else, can succumb to a bad philosophy, or doctrine, that actively hinders the acquisition of new knowledge. When a scientific paradigm shifts a radical change of perspective suddenly occurs. Wholly new ideas become relevant. Relativity and Quantum Mechanics are two such ideas.
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- The evidence of objectivity is that experiments are observable and reproducible. We see a new “reality“. Relativity introduced a new “time and a new “ space”. Quantum Mechanics introduced “ Entanglement” and the Heisenberg Uncertainty Principle”. “Complementary” theory introduced the idea that all the information in a Blackhole is all on the surface of the Blackhole, like a hologram.
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- How do we know that the reality we perceive is “ true”? There is no way to remove the observer from his perception of the world. The measuring devices in the human being are crude instruments. There is so much of the world that we can not perceive directly. We need math, technology, measurement instruments, experiments , that go beyond human perception.
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- To take these even further there are attributes in the Quantum World that do not “exist” until we observe them. The future is indefinite and exist only as a spectrum of possibilities.
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- Our brains create the impression of a 3-dimensional space from the retina’s 2-dimensional data.
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- Whenever our brain can develop a model of the world that successfully fits our observations we attribute that quality to be “ reality”. New observation can reveal subtle and significant ways in which reality diverges from theory. These become new vistas for exploration, more observations, more data. Stay tuned, there is much more to learn at the Extremes.
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----- 707-536-3272 ---------------- Thursday, December 28, 2017 -----
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