These reviews are available , on the blog, or by email request. Business, economics, marketing, physics , math and Astrononomy. Go to: http://jdetrick.blogspot.com. The purpose is to learn pearls of wisdom efficiently, it takes 8 hours to read a book, write a review of pearls discovered, email is miraculous way to pass it along, a 10 minute read at 98% efficiency. Delete button is perfect solution any time you want. Reading reviews is as close to perpetual motion efficiency as you can get and still obey the laws of physics. Pass along to any young mind that is interested. Jim
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1. Management Training #1
2. MBO Planning
3. More on MBO
4. E.F. Hutton, Group Dynamics, Irving Janis
5. Business Strategy - Dan Thomas, 1979
6. Managing - Harold Geneen
7. The Adaptive Corporation - Alvin Toffler
8. Developing Business Strategies - David Aaker
9. Challenge Facing the Electronics Industries - Bill Taylor
10. Love Thy Customer - Service Design
11. 12. 13. Passion For Excellence - Tom Peters, 1985
14. Manager of the Future - John Mee, 1973
15. Winning Streak - Goldsmith and Clutterbuck, 1985
16. The New Competition - Kother, 1985
17. Re-inventing the Corporation - Naisbit and Aburdene, 1982
18. How to Make People Decisions - Peter Drucker, 1985
19. Winning the Productivity Race - Slade and Mohindra, 1985
20. Service America - Karl Albrecht & Ron Zemke, 1985
21. Gold-Collar Worker - Bob Kelley, 1985
22. Management of Personnel - Robert Sibson
23. Thinking Economically - Maurice Levi, 1985
24. Finance in Marketing - Michael Schiff
25. Peter Drucker - John Tarrant, 1976
26. Zero-sum solution - Jester Thurow
27. Activity Trap - George Odiorne, 1974
28. Drucker's MBO
29. Sports Game Plan - Robert Keidel, 1985
30. Information Overload - George Odiorne
31. Art of Managing - Bill Scott & Sven Soderberg
32. 4th Dimension - David Packard, 1966
33. Services Marketing - Gregory Upah
34. Japanese Views - Lester Thurow
35. Planagement - Moving Concept into Reality - Robert Randolph
36. Teamwork - Hardaker and Ward, 1987
37. Competing on Eight Dimensions of Quality - David Garvin, 1987
38. Tasks of Managers - Drucker
39. How People Shrink - Odiorne
40. Intuitive Manager - Roy Rowan, 1986
41. Plateauing Trap - Judith Bardwick, 1980
42. Schumpeter or Keynes - Drucker, 1986
43. Where Jobs Come From - Drucker
44. The Changed World Economy - Drucker, 1986
45. What We Can Learn From The Germans - Drucker
46. Research & Development - Drucker, 1986
47. Social Innovation - Drucker, 1986
48. Mallice in Blunderland - Thomas Martin
49. User's Guide to MBO
50. Industrial Marketing - Thomas Bonoma & Robert Garda
51. Views from the Top - Jerome Rosow
52. Coming of the New Organization - Drucker, 1988
53. Japanese Management - Richard Pascale, 1981
54. Positioning - The Battle for Your Mind - Al Ries & Jack Trout
55. Moments of Truth - Jan Carlson, 1987
56. The Creative Edge - William Miller, 1987
57. The C-Zone - Peak Performance Under Pressure - Robert Kriegel
58. Future Perfect - Dr. Stanley Davis, 1987
59. Japanese Style Management - Insider's Analysis - Hasegawa, 1987
60. Great Depression - 1990
61. Manufacturing for Competitive Advantage - World Class - Thomas Gunn, 1987
62. Thriving on Chaos - Tom Peters, 1987
63. Time - The Next Source of Competitive Advantage - Aug. 1988
64. The Change Masters - Rosabeth Kanter
65. Management Quiz, 1988
66. The Mind of the Strategist - Kenich-Ohmac, 1982
67. High Output Management - Andrew Grove, (1983)
68. 69. The Rational Manager - Kepner-Trego, 1965
70. Getting Things Done - Edwin Bliss, 1976
71. The Entrepreneur, A Corporate Strategy for the 1980's - Donald Taffi
72. Planning - A Challenge to Management Science - Peter Drucker (1957)
73. The Politics of Projects - Robert Block
74. One-Minute Selling - S. Johnson & Larry Wilson, 1984
75. The IBM Way - Buck Rodgers, 1984
76. The Frontiers of Management - Peter Drucker
77. In Praise of Followers - Kelley, HBR, 1988
78. Fast-Cycle Capability for Competitive Power - HBR, 1988
79. Bottoms-Up Marketing - Al Ries & Jack Trout, 1988
80. Lateral Thinking - Bob Waterman, 1987
81. The Renewal Factor - Bob Waterman, 1987
82. Trading Places - Clyde Prestowitz, 1988
83. Discovering the Future--Paradigm Shifts - Joel Barker, 1988
84. IT, Managing Interdependence - MIT SLOAN, (Mar '89)
85. Accounting Continuous Improvement - Tektronics , MIT Sloan(Mar '89)
86. Reassessing The Divine Rights of Managers (Mar '89)
87. At America's Service: How Corporations Can Revolutionize the Way They Treat Their Customers" - Karl Albrecht, 1988
88. JM-Masters of Innovation - BW, April '89
89. The Customer Connection: Quality for the Rest of US - 1988
90. Want to Boost Productivity? Try Giving Workers a Say" Apr '89
91. The Pursuit of Innovation - George Friedman, 1988
92. Yen, Japan's New Financial Empire and Its Threat to America -
93. Two-Minute Warning - Grayson & O'Dell
94. Two-Minute Warning, Part II
95. Yen - Part II - Daniel Burstein, 1988
96. Ray Stata - Analog Devices
97. Yen, Part III
98. Innovation-The Only Hope for Times Ahead - Rosabeth Moss Kanter,
99. Sources of Innovation - Eric von Hippel
100 Coping with Strategic Uncertainty - Allaire & Firsirotu -planning is something you bother about to determine the best method of accomplishing an accidental result.
101 Strategic Intent - Hamel & Prahalad, 198
102 Time Power - Dr. Charles Hobbs, 1987
103 Building the Firm of the Future - Arnolda Hax, Jun '89
104 Managing High Technical Professionals in our Turbulent Times -1989
105 Impact Management - George J. Lunsden, 1979
106 The New Competitors - D. Quinn Mills, 1985
107 Shuster Report, Greatest Ideas, New Competitors
108 Impact Management, Personal ower Strategies for Success - George Lumsden
109 Reality-Centered 109 People Management - Erwin Stanton
110 Masters of Persuasion - Dr. Ron Bassett, 1989
111 Zero Sum Solution - Lester Thurow, Part I
112 Tough Words for American Industry - Hajime Karatsu, 1987
113 Corporate Pathfinders - Harold Leavitt, 1986
114 Corporate Pathfinders (Part II)
115 Tough Words (Part II)
116 Quality Without Tears - Phil Crosby, 1984)
117 Peopleware, Production Projects, and Teams - De Marco
118 KAIZEN, The Key to Japan's Competitive Success - Masaaki Imai, 1986
119 Zero Sum Solution, PART II
120 Productivity Debate, Technology Review, Sep 1989
121 Made in America, MIT on Productivity, 1989
122 The New Realities - Peter Drucker, 1989
123 Market-Driven Management, - Ames and Hlarachek
124 Benchmarking - Robert Camp, 1989
125 Relevance Lost, Management Accounting - Johnson & Kaplan, 1987
126 Effective Project Planning & Management - Randolf & Posner, 1988
127 The New Managerial Work - Rosabeth Moss Kanter, HBR, Nov 1989
128 America in the Global 90s - Austin Kiplinger (1989
129 Introduction to Quality Engineering - Genichi Taguchi
130 Good Product Support is Smart Marketing - 1983
131 A Revelation, R&D Produces Manuals, Dec 1989
132 How to Decide and Develop a Support Strategy
133 Management Science - Operations Research - Stafford Beer, 1968
134 The Quiet Path to Technological Preeminence - Robert Reich
135 Practice of Planning - David Ewing, 1968
136 Every Employee a Manager - Scott Myers, 1981
137 How To Do Decision Tree Analysis - HBR, Jan 90
138 How to Design Robust Quality - HBR
139 Mythical Man-Month - Frederick Brooks, 1978
140 Effective Executive - Peter Drucker, 1974
141 Cost of Capital
142 Robust Quality - Genichi Taguchi - Don Clausing, 1990
143 Vital Truths About Managing Your Costs - Ames & Hlavcek, HBR, 1990
144 How To Design A Cost System - Roseville HBR
145 Principles of Eng. Economy - Stanford University 1930
146 How To Do MBO - Drucker, 1981
147 How To Calculate Loss of Quality, 1990
148 Spare Parts - Sloan Management Review, Feb 1990
149 In Praise of Hierarchy - Elliott Jacques, 1989
150 Leadership and Quest for Integrity - Part I
151 Leadership and Quest for Integrity - Part II
152 Total Customer Service - Davidson & Utall, 1989
153 Mintzberg on Management - Henry, 1989
154 Panasonic Way - Toshihiko Yamashita, 1989
155 Lee Iacoca's speech, 10/23/89
156 Raychem Innovation
157 Superleadership - Manz and Sims
158 Emerging Theory of Manufacturing - Peter Drucker
159 Managing on the Edge - Richard Pascale, 1990
160 Making a Difference - Sheila Bethel, 1990
161 The Critical Edge - Dr. Hendrie Weisinger, 1989
162 The Service Edge - Ron Zemke, Dick Schaat, 1989
163 Out of the Crisis - Dr. Edward Deming, 1982
164 No Time to Blow Improvements - Tom Peters
165 The End of the American Century - Steven Schlossstein
166 The Sun Also Sets - Bill Emmott
167 Megatrends 2000 - John Naisbitt, 1989
168 Information Based Corporation - David Vincent
169 COMPAQ Consensus - Rod Canion CEO, HBR, Aug 90
170 Delivering Quality Service - Zeithaml, 1990
171 Service Recovery - HBR, Aug 9
172 How to Compete - Rosabeth Ross Kanter, Aug 90
173 Fix the Process - Sirkin and Stalk, HBR, Aug 90
174 Out of Touch with Customer Needs-Spare Parts, Jan 90 (see #148)
175 Managing to Keep the Customer - Desatnick, 1987
176 Retention Marketing 177 IBM Renewal - Paul Carroll
178 Competing Against Time - Stalk & Hout, 1980
179 Customer Driven Marketing - Raymond Smilor,
180 Customer Driven Marketing, Part II - Raymond Smilor, 1989
181 The Leadership Challenge - Kouzes and Posner, 1989
182 Worldclass Manufacturing -Richard Schonberger, 1986
183 Worldclass manufacturing - Part II
184 Leadership Challenge - Part II
185 Building Learning Organizations - SLOAN
186 Teaching the Elephant to Dance - James Belasco, 1990
187 "Right Every Time," Using the Deming Approach - Frank Price
188 The Time Trap - Alec MacKenzie, 1972
189 Power Base Selling - Jim Holden
190 Art of the Leader - William Cohen
191 Power of Product Integrity - Kim Clark & Fujimoto, HBR, Dec 1990
192 Seven New QC Tools - Shigeru Mizuno, 1988
193 Keys to Excellence, Deming - Nancy Mann, 1989
194 KAIZEN
195 KAIZEN - Part II
196 Borderless World - Kenichi Ohmae, 1990
197 Managing on the Edge - Richard Pascale, 1990
198 Keeping Customers for Life - Joan Koob Cannie, 1991
199 Work Without Managers - James R. Fisher, 1991
200 7 HABITS OF HIGHLY EFFECTIVE PEOPLE - Stephen R. Covey, 1989
201 Work Without Managers - Part II - James R. Fisher, 1991
202 How To Learn - Chris Arggis - HBR, 1991
203 The Japan That Can Say No - Shintaro Ishihara,
204 Perennial Renaissance - Thomas Kosnik, 1990
205 Beyond the Clash - Resnick-West and Van Glinow
206 Market-Driven Strategy - George S. Day, 1990
207 Managin the Future - Robert B. Tucker
208 Unlimited Wealth, Alchemy - Paul Zane Pilzer, 1990
209 Pursuing Perfect Project Managers - Tom Peters,1990
210 Future Perfect - Stanley Davis, 1987
211 Marketing 2000 and Beyond - William Lazer, 1990
212 Service Within-Middle Management Leadership Crisis,Albrecht,1990
213 Influence Without Authority - Cohen and Bradford, 1990
214 Groups That Work - Richard Harkman, 1990
215 Computerless Computer Company - HBR, Aug 91
216 Innovation & Entrepreneurship - Peter Drucker, 1985
217 Effective Organizations - Henry Mintzberg, 1991
218 Mintzberg on Management - Henry Mintzberg, 1989 (MGT #153)
219 Why This Horse Won't Drink - Ken Matejka
220 Keeping The Best Workforce - Martin John Yate, 1990
221 How To Pick the Right People - William S. Swan, 1989
222 Interviewing - William S. Sevan, 1989
223 The Breakthrough Illusion - Florida & Kerney, 1990
224 2020 Vision - Davis & Davidson
225 Avoid Organizational Decline - Lorange & Nelson, 1987
226 Critical Thinking, 1991
225 Warranty Program - Menezes & Quelch 226 Creative Thinking
227 Information Age 228 Work of Nations - Robert Reich
229 Ten Myths of Managing Managers - Sloan, Oct 1991
230 The New Productivity Challenge - Peter Drucker - HBR, Dec 1991
231 Management of Complexity - Sloan Management Review, Nov 1991
232 Deming Seminar, Jan 1992
233 Turnaround Experience - Frederick Zimmerman,
234 Restructuring - AMA - Robert Tomasko, 1992
235 Turnaround - AMA - Organizational Change, 1992
236 Pricing - SLOAN - Apr 1992
237 Change with Results - HBR - Schaffer & Thomson, Feb 1992
238 Strategic Change - SLOAN
239 SPIN SELLING - Neil Rackham, 1988
240 Trip to Abilene - Jerry B. Harvey, 1974
241 Smart Questions - Dorothy Leeds, 1987
242 Market Segmentation - Bonoma, Shapiro, Kotler, 1984
243 Boundaries of the Boundaryless Company -, HBR, June 1992
244 Future Edge - Paradigms: Joel Barker, 1992
245 Strategy - Montgomery & Porter
246 Achieving TQM - Michel Perigord
247 Transforming Organizations - Kochan & Useem, 1992
248 Imperatives of Marketing - Allan Magrath, 1992
249 Global Corp. Alliances - Martin Starr (1991)
250 Second coming of wooly mammonth, Ted Frost, 1991
251 Building Market-Focused organization, 1992
252 Reconceptualization the Corporation , Bennis
253 Contrarian Management, Martin Smith, 1992
254 Get Things Done
255 Customer comes second, Hal Rosenbuth, 92
256 The ultimate advantage, Edward Lawler
257 How to write a tactical plan, jim d, 89
258 Silverlake Project, IBM
259 Learning laboratory, Sloan
260 Prophets in the dark, xerox, David Kearn, 92
261 Quality of quantitative analysis, Sloan
262 263 Segmentation marketing , Berrigan & Finkbeiner
264 265 Unnatural act of management
266 Why "change" programs don't produce change HBR 90
267 Value added marketing , Torsten Nilson 92
268 Brain building, Marilyn vos Savant, 92
269 How to use QFD, John Hauser, Sloan Apr 93
270 The post capitalist executive, Peter Drucker 93
271 Problem solving-decision making , John D Arnold
272 Re-Inventing the corporation, Naisbelt & Aburdeve
273 Creating strategic leverage, Milend Lele, 92
274 Managing for the future, Peter Drucker
275 Post capitalist society, Peter Drucker
276 Wisdom of teams, Katzenbach, 92
277 Healthy , wealthy and wise, Edstom
278 The forth wave, Maynard 93
279 Flight of the buffalo, James Belsaco
280 Vision management, University of Tokyo
281 Managing the unknowable, Ralph Stacey
282 The fifth discipline, Peter Senge
283 The Rework Cycle, Ken Cooper
284 The horzontal organization, Bus Week Dec 93
285 Orderly strategies disorderly world, Ralph Stacey
286 Creativity and continuous Chaos, Ralph Stacey
287 Strategic thinking and continuous contention, Ralph Stacey
288 Mastering chaos at the high tech Frontier, Ed McCracken 93
289 The reinvention roller coaster, Goss and Pascale
290 291 Reeingineering the corporation, Hammer and Champy
292 Staple yourself to the order, Shapiro
293 Right measures - help teams excel
294 one-to-one marketing
295 Profit driven pricing
296 Argyris - Good communication blocks learning
297 Competing for the future
298 Northbound train
299 Hunters and the Hunted
300 First Things First, Stephen Covey - follow on to 7 habits of highly effective people # 200
- 301 The Value Network, Louis J DeRose - 5 processes that create customer satisfaction.
- 302 Global Paradox, John Naisbitt - the bigger the world economy becomes, the more powerful its smallest players become.
- 303 The Inventive Organization, Jill Janov - to revitalize an organization you change how individuals think about relationships required to get work done.
- 304 Competitive Advantage through People, Pfeffer - loyal and intelligent work fore is the only sustainable competitive advantage.
- 305 Looking at the Sun, James Fallows - Asian economics is basically political.
- 306 Alchemy of a Leader, John Rehfeld - combine Western and Japanese management styles.
- 307 The Critical Edge, Hendrie Weisinger - the ability to give and take criticism.
- 308 The Theory of Business, Peter Drucker - the assumptions about environment define what an organization is getting paid for.
- 309 The Virtual Corporation, Cavidow and Malone - the product mostly exists before it is produced. An excellent criticism of today's society and the changes needed in industry.
- 310 The Age of Eclecticism, Mauro Guillen - the history of organizational thought, scientific management, human relations, structural analysis.
- 311 Credibility makes a Difference, Barry Posner - when people work with leaders they admire and respect, they feel better about themselves.
- 312 Discovery Driven Planning, Mcgrath MacMillan - planning that converts assumptions into knowledge as a strategy unfolds.
- 313 Real-Time Marketing, Regis McKenna - integrating marketing with design and manufacturing.
- 314A Microcosm, George Gilder - expanding possibilities within the world of the silicon chip.
- 314B High Output Management, Andy Grove - management is a type of production. Speed the process or change the nature of work performed.
- 315 Power of Predictability - people join organizations to make their lives more predictable.
- 316 Creative Abrasion, Gerald Hirshberg - -
- 317 Cross Functional Teams, Glen Parket (1994) - teamwork, key factor to business success.
- 318 Lost Prophets, (economics), Alfred Malabre. - Economics is a wildly inaccurate pseudo science noted for its almost unbelievable optimism.
- 319 The Reinvention of Work, Matthew Fox - over one billion are out of work, somewhere else a large number of people are overworked.
- 320 The Tom Peters Seminar, Tom Peters - organizations need to make imagination the source of value.
- 321 The New Marketing Paradigm, Schultz, Tannenbaum, Lauterborn - to have a real customer orientation.
- 322 The Human Element, Will Schutz (1994) - self esteem affects every aspect of human personality and interaction.
- 323 Power Based Selling, Jim Holden -
- 324 325 326 327 Zapp, the lightning of empowerment, William Byham - continuous improvement is a value that can not be imposed upon people.
- 328 329Learning from Customer Defections, Frederick Reichheld - the customers you lose hold the information you need to succeed.
- 330 Managing in Turbulent Times, Peter Drucker - knowledge workers are the central resource for our economy.
- 331 332 David Packard eulogy, died March 26, 1996. A great man. I am very proud to have worked for him
- 333 Empires of the Mind, Denis Waitley - lessons to lead and succeed in a knowledge based world.
- 334 Win the Value Revolution, Robert Tucker -
- 335 The HP Way, Dave Packard - The HP way started with athletics. Bill and Dave used their experience to develop their own rules to run the company , founded in 1939 with $500 and turned a profit of $1,563 its first year.
- 336 Managing in Time of Great Change, Peter Drucker - downsizing, outsourcing, quality management, reengineering, .... are tools. The central issue is management whose assumptions do not fit reality.
- 337 Future in Sight, Barry Minkin - how to survive and prosper in the coming global depression.
- 338 The Great Transition, James Martin - use the power of technology to enhance the contribution of employees.
- 339 All Customers are Not Created Equal, Garth Hallberg - the democratic approach to reach all customers can not be justified.
- 340 Why Teams Don't Work, Robbins and Finley - what does it take to realize team potential
- 341 Leading Change, James O'toole - overcoming the ideology of comfort and the tyranny of custom.
- 342 The Whole Shebang - The strongest bond between cosmology and everyday life resides not with religion but the ability of science to pursue questions of universal simplicity, like who we are, how did we get here, ??
- 343 Empowerment takes more that a minute - building responsibility through trust takes time.
- 344 Managers as facilitators - a practical guide to getting work done in a changing work place.
- 345 The Critical Chain - bringing discipline to project management.
- 346 Let's Negotiate - every dollar a salesman gives away in unnecessary discounts.
- 347 Life, by Richard Fortey, Paleontologist - the natural history of the first 4000 million years of life on Earth.
-348 Web of Inclusion - serves and promotes the notion of relationships.
-349 The human side of management by Bill Hewlett - uses of freedom , it comes with responsibility.
-350 Boundarless Organization - the first thing that has to change is our way of thinking.
-351 Megamedia Shakeout - happening in today's current events, the technological convergence in the exploding communications industry.
-352 Fast Cycle Decision Making - how to make good business decisions when you business changes so fast.
-353 The Age of Social Transformation - Drucker - teams and knowledge workers are changing the way our society works.
-354 The Big Picture - the beginning or the universe commencing at 10^-43 seconds and going to 10^120 years.
-355 Reengineering Management - it is fruitless to change work processes, first you have to change yourself.
-356 Bold New World - people will change to the degree they embrace new ideas.
-357 The Learning Paradox - innovation ideas and strategies to help life long learning.
-358 Packard Returns to Redeem HP - Dave comes back from serving as assistant to Department of Defense. He did not like what he found. I was there when he came walking through the aisles.
-359 First Millennium Conference - smart people offer perspectives on the changes that lie ahead.
-360 The Age of Spiritual Machines, Ray Kurzweil -
-361. FEMTOSECONDS Time is getting short, measured in femtoseconds. How short a measurement of time can we make? Have we reached a limit in the dimension of time?
-362. BARNARD’S STAR is the fastest star, learn about radial and proper motion of the stars. Who is Edward Barnard and Christian Doppler?
-363. BLACK HOLES are neither, what do we know about black holes. About Karl Schwarzschild. Calculating escape velocities.
-364. Quasars, are black holes with personalities, where do quasars come from? Hubble’s law.
-365. Supernovae, it is violent out there, we are seeing about one supernovae explosion each day, what have we learned? What is Chandrasekhar’s limit?
-366. Big Bang’s first creation, there are only three families of 12 particles, along with four forces, that make up the entire Universe. Who is Max Karl Ernst Ludwig Planck.
-367. The Universe is flat, what is the fate of the Universe? Will it expand, contract, or just stop? Who is Edwin Powell Hubble?
-368. PLANCK TIME. Time comes to us in particles, Planck time and space are the smallest units possible and we have the same number of them in the Universe. Why is that?
-369. UNIVERSE CALENDAR. #354 The Big Picture, the entire history of the Universe and the acceleration of technology and its meaning to life on Earth. From books by Ray Kurzswil, Richard Fortey, and Timothy Ferris.
-370. #360 The Age of the Spiritual machine, Ray Kurzweil, evolution and pre-imminence of technology to control the population on Earth and later in the Universe.
-371. #348 Evolution of Life on Earth, Richard Fortey. The first 4 billion years of life on this planet.
-372. # 342 The Whole Shebang, Timothy Ferris, cosmology and how we learned what we know today about the cosmos.
-373. How to Weigh a Galaxy. Who is Johann Kepler
Defining periods, mass and distances.
- 374. What is Dark Matter? And why does it matter?
How do we know dark matter is there and how do we account for it?
- 375. The Sun and the Planets created in six Easy Pieces. Who is Lord Kelvin?
How the solar system evolved from the molecular clouds in space.
- 376. Origins of Existence, by Fred Adams The physics that created the Universe, the galaxies, the stars, the planets, and life itself. The number of known versions of life in the Universe = 1. The number possible = infinity. The forces of energy and matter.
- 377. Constants of Nature by John Barrow. Are the constants of gravity, electron charge, planck’s length, and the speed of light changing over time. If we can not depend on our natural constants, our Universe is not what we think it is.
- 378. Heisenberg’s Uncertainty Principle. What does it mean if you can not measure an electron’s position and velocity at the same time? Why not? In addition, Heisenberg was a jerk.
- 379. E=mc^2 by David Bodanis. Is there anything you would like to know? Yes, I would like to know what E=mc^2 really means? No, really?
- 380. Runaway Universe by Donald Goldsmith. We live in a Universe that has energy in the vacuum of space so powerful that it is overcoming gravity and expanding the entire Universe at an ever expanding rate. How do we know this? Looking at Einstein’s equations.
- 381. Stars grow old, and become White Dwarfs, Neutron Stars, or Black Holes. How do we determine which it will be? Which one will our Sun become? Who is Subrahmanyan Chandrasekhar and what is the Chandra X-Ray Satellite with his name on it.
- 382. Our Closest Star, the Sun, and the nuclear reaction of hydrogen burning. The Sun is powered by Gamma Rays.
- 383. Could it Be that Our Sun is a Variable Star? Sunspots and who is Henrietta Leavitt.
- 384. Forth Rock from the Sun, Mars.
Measuring Mars with math and observation.
- 385. Arcturus, the Brightest Star in our Hemisphere. The nuclear reaction of helium burning powers it. Who is Edmund Halley?
- 386. Gamma-Rays and Cosmic Rays. Arthur Compton named the photon.
How Gamma-Rays fit into the electromagnetic spectrum with Cosmic rays.
- 387. Sirius, the Brightest Star in the Night Sky. Who is Friedrich Bessel? Measuring mass and density of stars.
- 388. Our brightest stars, Canopus, Alpha Centura, Vega, Capella, Rigel, and Procyon.
- 389. Our Gaseous Planets, Jupiter, Saturn, Uranus, Neptune.
How are they alike, and how are they different.
- 390. Asteroids, Comets, and Russian Roulette. How badly have we been hit so far? How often and how hard will the hit us?
- 391. Sagittarius, the Center of Our Milky Way Galaxy. We are spinning around a black hole. A big one.
- 392. MAGNETISM – from Atoms to Stars. Who is Johann Gauss?
Studying the full range of magnetism in the universe.
- 393. Kepler says, “Radius Cubed = Period Squared. About Isaac Newton.
Using the period and radius of planet orbits to prove this famous formula.
- 394. Getting Light from Electricity and Magnetism.
Proving that light is electro - magnetic radiation. Who is Hans Christian A Oersted and Joseph Henry. Calculate the acceleration of gravity.
- 395. Proving E = mc^2 using a Teeter-Totter.
Using simple geometry to derive the Einstein formula, Energy = mass * speed of light squared.
- 396. The Electromagnetic Spectrum.
Defines the spectrum in frequencies and wavelengths, then in energy and temperature.
- 397. Proving Time Dilation using the Pythagorean Theorem. About Pythagoras. Simple geometry can be used to derive Einstein’s theory of relativity and the slowing of time with faster velocity.
- 398. Rainbows - Can Tell Us what the Universe is Made Of. About Ernest Rutherford, Niels Bohr What is spectroscopy telling us about the properties of the atom.
- 399. Students, Sit There Perfectly Still.
Trying to explain all the various motions you experience while sitting perfectly still. Calculating velocities.
- 400. Life is Uncertain. Werner Heisenberg’s uncertainty principle.
All measurements must involve the exchange of energy, the exchange of information. This exchange reaches a region on uncertainties and can only be dealt with in probabilities for events.
- 401. The Five Planets. All visible on March 27, 2004.
How to find the planets and to measure degrees in the night sky.
- 402. How the Universe Began.
A vision of how the Universe began with the Big Bang, springing form nothing, but energy.
- 403. The Gravity of It All.
What we have learned about gravity and how are we going to measure gravity waves.
- 404. Mercury - March 29, 2004.
Comparing the properties of Mercury with the other terrestrial planets.
- 405. Zodiac Light - from Dust to Dust. Discoveries using the infrared satellites. About Wilhelm Wien and Wien’s law for black body radiation.
- 406. Absolute zero. Zero is Nothing, but Absolute Zero is Something Else, The strange properties that exist near the coldest temperature possible. Who is Satyendra Bose?
- 407. Part one, Part two the Periodic Table.
The elements are manufactured in stars. Starting with the simplest, Hydrogen, the elements of the Periodic Table are defined. Who is Dmitri Mendeleev?
- 408. ANALEMMA - and how to make one.
An Analemma is a shadow traced on the surface of Earth of the position of the Sun at the same time each day. The figure traced by the shadow is a figure eight.
- 409. Einstein was right again. Gravitomagnetism
- 500. Cosmology - What is Physics Telling Us.
Measuring the Hubble Constant. Explaining what is happening since the Big Bang.
- 501. The Waves of Matter.
Experiments using classical physics are getting the wrong answers. Quantum Physics uses new physics to try and explain observations made at the atomic level. Why electrons do not collapse into the positive proton nucleus.
- 502. Sedna - the 10th planet.
March 2004 Cal Tech astronomer discoveres a tenth planet beyond Pluto.
- 503. Abell - the Farthest Galaxy in our Universe.
Measuring redshift of the most distant galaxy observable today. Measuring brightness magnitudes.
- 504. SUPERNOVA - Accelerating from an Unknown Source.
How supernova were used to measure the acceleration of an expanding universe. Dark Energy in the vacuum of space is a mysterious cause.
- 505. Atom - How small is the atom? Avogadro’s number.
- 506. Particle physics - The universe of fundamental particles. Richard Feynman.
- 507. What is an electron. Lorentz factor.
- 508. Supernova - you were made from star dust.
- 509. Global warming - the day after tomorrow.
- 510. Supernova you can see. There have been nine of them.
- 511. Density of Mother Earth , the ancients’ way. Archimedes, Eratosthenes,
- 512. Star of Bethlehem.
- 513. Buffon’s needles, calculating pi and nuclear reactions. Uses calculus.
- 513A. Test for Dementia
- 514. What you did not know about our moon.
- 515. How much exercise should you have. Pulse rates with exercise.
- 516. Welcome to the Quantum World.
- 517. Welcome to the Natural World.
- 518. Nathan, how he was born.
- 519. Nathan to Adam, following the Y chromosomes.
- 520. Nathan Scott Rush’s lineage. Debbie Detrick geneology tracing her family across the US 1630, Italy, England, Scotland, Ireland, Egypt, Africa.
- 521. The Detrick lineage back to 1881.
- 522. GPS Relativity. Using Einstein’s equation in global positioning system
- 523. Moonrocks, 30 found on Earth.
- 524. Physics keeps getting simpler. The theory of everything
- 525. Michael discovers atoms. Brownian motion.
- 526. Improving our education system in California.
- 527. Energy and evolution.
- 528. The Hydrogen economy. Hydrogen fuel cells in cars.
- 529. Tsunami - Earthquake disasters.
- 530. Entropy and Evolution.
- 531. Joseph Henry - an American Teacher.
- 532. Robert Millican - physics teacher, oil drop experiment for electron’s charge.
- 533. Why the Sun will become a White Dwarf. Exclusion principle, degeneracy pressure.
- 534. Physics in a CD, compact disk. How a CD works.
- 535. Hipparcus - Sky maps in 150 B.C. the statue of Atlas in Naples, Italy, from 129 B.C.
- 536. How far can the eye see? Compared to CCD’s , charge coupled devices.
- 537. The Garden on Eden
- 538. Freedom in the Bill of Rights / Responsibilities.
- 539. The Birth of Quantum Mechanics. 1900, Max Planck’s equation.
Why is the sky blue and the Sun yellow?
- 540. Our Galaxy’s most exotic Star, SS433. How many photons enter your eye from a distant star?
- 541. Cosmic Rays, charged particles moving through magnetic fields.
How evolution on Earth is caused by Cosmic Rays.
- 542. Neutron Star Flare, nagnetar 1806-20. The conservation of angular momentum.
- 543. Name the 10th Planet, the Kuiper belt objects.
- 544. The 21st Century - How to move to a sustainable economy.
- 545. Why are we fighting in Iraq?
- 546. Hurricane Katrina
- 547. Shooting Stars - Meteors
- 548. Our Milky Way - What does it look like?
- 549. Comets Pummel Earth, Earth strikes Back. Deep Impact spacecraft hits comet Temple
- 550. Theory of Relativity
- 551. The US Constitution
- 552. Terrorism
- 553. Do the Math on Gas Mileage
- 554. 4th Grade Teachers
- 555. Titan - Saturn’s Moon
- 556. Dad’s Health
- 557. Gallup Poll
- 558. Albert’s 100 year Anniversary
- 559. The Laws of Motion, Galileo, Newton, Kepler
- 560. Heat Islands, how to cool our cars and cities. How paint can cool your house.
- 561. Scotch is Good Medicine. Dad’s theory with continued investigation.
- 562. North Korean Blackmail, nuclear weapons.
- 563. Avian Flue - coming pandemic
- 564. Jim’s Genealogy - algae to Hoosier.
- 565. Japan’s History, 660 BC to today.
- 566. A Prosthetic Eye, Artificial Vision
- 567. Republican - Democrat
- 568. No Child Left Behind
- 569. Bystander
- 570. Why I do not Want Heart Surgery. Dad’s goal to stay healthy and exercise.
- 571. Santa Rosa Drinking Water
- 572. Pay Off the Mortgage?
- 573. The Fed. Who is the Federal Reserve System?
- 574. Nanotechnology
- 575. World is Flat
- 576. World is Flat, Part II
- 577. Deep Impact Comet. See #549 too.
- 578. What a Teacher Should Know about America.
- 579. Exploding Stars : Create Life - Destroy Life
- 580. Black Holes
- 581. Gravitational Lensing.
- 582. Time Trap
- 583. Life Evolution and God
- 584. Peter Drucker
- 585. Aerosols are Everywhere.
- 586. AIDS
- 587. Venus
- 588. Gravity Probe B
- 589. Light
- 590. Space Hazards
- 591. Osiris Planet - First of the 8 wonders of the Universe
- 592. Black Hole
- 593. Gamma Ray Burst
- 594. Dark Galaxy
- 595. Quasars
- 596. Cosmic Background
- 597. Galaxy Cluster
- 598. Milky Way
- 599. Fine Structure Constant
- 600. Holly Dog, ode to a good friend
- 601. Monsters for Michael
- 602. France history, Detrick’s tour of duty
- 603. Iraq History
- 604. Sirius White Dwarf
- 605. Topology of Information
- 606. Hubble Deep Field
- 607. Antimatter
- 608. Strange History of Astronomy
- 609. Existence, evolution of Universe and life on Earth, RNA, DNA
- 610. History of Atom to 1925
- 611. History of Atom after 1925
- 612. Age of the Universe, how astronomers discovered the age of Big Bang.
- 613. From Supernova to Our Sun.
- 614. History of Energy in the Universe, electron volts of Universe = 10^80, planck units of time and length = 10^61. Number of stars, planets, photons, and protons.
-615. Quantum Reality
-616. Kapteyn’s Star, Star that Orbits Counterclockwise.
-617. Brown Dwarfs, color measures temperature, Wien’s law.
-618. National Security Agency. Who is the NSA?
-619. Constants. Speed of light, gravity, mass, unitless ratios, fine structure constant, calculate 1/137.
-620. Virus, Creator of Life on Earth?
-621. Background radiation, microwave, light, x-ray, gamma ray.
-622. Polaris the North Star. Brightness magnitude, energy vs. temperature^4, parsecs.
-623. Stars in all Shades and Sizes. Color vs. temperature, color vs. size, extreme size and temperature.
-624. Math over the Decades - humor and truth in US math and science competitiveness.
-625. Neutron Stars - math: gravity pressure vs. degeneracy pressure, escape velocity, spin period, diameter of 3 solar mass.
-626. Brown Dwarfs - mass, density for fusion.
-627. Nanowire Solar Cells, energy consumption in US and world.
-628. Velocity - The very slow and the very fast.
-629. Stardust - catching a comet’s tail.
-630. Neutrinos - the neutral ones.
-631. Mass, momentum, and Inertia. What is mass?
-632. Muons and Taus - The heavy electrons. Muon time dilation. Number of electrons in the Universe.
-633. The Force Carriers - Gluons, Bosons, and Photons.
-634. The first 3 minutes. The story of the Big Bang.
-635. Apophis the Asteroid, April 13, 2029
-636. Iran Enriching Uranium to build a nuclear weapon.
-637. Detecting Life on Earth using Earthshine.
-638. Weapons in History.
-639. Earth Slowing Down, leap seconds.
-640. Nuclear Energy for the World.
-641. Astronomer Physicists
-642. Neutron Stars, Pulsars, and Magnetars.
-643. Constants of Nature
-644. Baghdad and Babylon
-645. How Far Away is the Sun? Calculate the speed of light, Kepler’s laws.
-646. Force, F = ma
-647. Conservation of Energy.
-648. Relativity Explained.
-649. Greeks Invented Numbers.
-650. Hubble Space Telescope.
-651. Plato Dialogues.
-652. Lemaitre’s Big Bang
-653. So you want to be an Astronaut? The dangers of space.
-654. Rotating galaxies, how to weigh a galaxy.
-655. Hybrid car, gas mileage.
-656. American Flag
-657. Global Warming
-658. Quest for Reality, universe size, number of protons, life of star.
-659 Oxytocin Hormone, why kids drop out of school.
-660 What is in the vacuum of Space? Virtual particles and Dark Energy
-661 Saturn, Cassini, and Huygens
-662 What Galaxies tell us about the Universe. Rotating galaxies.
-663 Detrick’s Marina
-664 Nanotechnology and Solar Cells
-665 Is Ethanol in Your Future
-666 Why is ocean Salt Water?
-667 Aristotle - Great Teachers in our history.
-668 Stem cells, no federal funding for research.
-669 Cars Can Run on Water
-670 The President’s job, Article II of the Constitution
-671 Mini-Big Bangs here on Earth
-672 Global Warming and Acid Oceans
-673 Calories in Food
-674 Castro’s Cuba, What’s Next
-675 Lyman-alpha Blobs
-676 Dragonflies, they migrate like birds.
-677 The Age of the Universe
-678 English Our National Language
-679 US Supreme Court, who are the players.
-680 Islamic Fascists, President Bush defines our enemy.
-681 Energy Efficiency
-682 Universal Beauty in Symmetry, Emmy Noether, energy = mc^2
-683 The Ottoman Empire Today.
-684 Velocity - Space / Time
-685 Pluto, Charon, Nix and Hydra, would-be planets
-686 1932 Ford Trucks
-687 Cosmic Ray Discoveries.
-688 Quantum Gravity - The Universe is a computer.
-689 Nuclear Terrorism
-690 College Prep. SAT and STAR test scores.
-691 Other Planets, outside our solar system
-692 Dark Matter and Black Holes, colliding galaxies.
-693 Plant and Animals, micro and macro evolution.
-694 9-11, 12-7, 11-17, 8-24 Compared
-695 Tomorrow's College students, SAT scores, remedial courses
-696 Iran Goes Nuclear
-697 So You Want to Be a Genius?
-698 Sunspots and Global Warming
-699 Afghanistan-700 Biofuels will NOT Replace Oil
-701 Nuclear Energy Today
-702 Birth of the Universe
-703 Muslims
-704 Magnetars in the Heavens.
-705 Terrorists Get the Bomb
-706 Plug - In Hybrids
-707 North Korea
-708 State of Affairs
-709 The Risks of Space Travel, Cosmic Rays
-710 Fourier Discovers Terrestrial Planets
-711 Gamma-Ray Bursts
-712 The Primeval Atom
-713 The Cosmological Constant, the natural constants, the Antropic Principle
-714 The New Astronomy, astronomers use the entire electromagnetic spectrum
-715 The Cosmic Dark Ages, first billion years after the Big Bang
-716 Are we alone in the Universe?
-717 Hubble Deep Field.
-373 How to Weigh a Galaxy, Johan Kepler, mass, periods, distances
-718 Dark Matter, What Could it Be?
-719 The Geminid Meteors
-720 The Crag Nebulae
-721 The Shape of the Moon
-722 Dark Energy
-723 Fundamental MEASUREMENTS
-724 It is a Small World Afterall - MEASUREMENTS
-725 It is a Small World Afterall , Part II
-726 Electric and Magnetic Force vs. Gravity -ELECTROMAGNETISM
-727 Absolute Zero, Planck TEMPERATURE
-728 Boltzman’s constant
-729 Atoms at ABSOLUTE ZERO
-730 Antimatter
-731 The Electron
- 732 The neutrino - Thermal History of the Universe
-733 The Photon - how the eye sees starlight
-734 Spacetime, Energy and Calculus
-735 Higgs Particle
-736 Why We Need Particle Accelerators.
-737 Every Day Calculus
-738 The Science of Physics
-739 Standby Power
-740 Sweetness and Light - Bees
-741 Take Me to the Moon, the hazards of dust
-742 The Diversity of Life
-743 Government Revenue
-744 Universe Expansion
-745 Calculus of a Circle
-746 Guantanamo
-747 Why is there 60 Minutes
-748 Tuberculosis is Back
-749 Shingles and Chickenpox
-750 Time Power
-751 Carbon Offsetting
-752 Fractals in the Universe
-753 Defining the Atom
-754 Quantum Reality
-755 Gravity and the Atom
-756 Dark Energy and Cosmic Inflation
-757 Cosmic Background Radiation
-758 Ancient Astronomers - The Greeks
-759 The History of Cosmology
-760 China
-761 Where Taxes Go?
-762 The Trouble with Physics
-763 Cosmic Rays
-764 Cyclones
-765 Indiana
-766 Einstein's Relativity
-767 Einstein's Cosmology
-768 The Wave-Particle Duality of Light
-769 Testing Einstein's Relativity
-770 Too Much Information
- 771 Sonoma County Schools
-772 Hubble Space Telescope
- 773 The Hubble Constant
- 774 Seeing Black Holes
-775 Eta Carinae Supernova
-776 Rock Rats and Marsupials
-777 Diabetes from Depression
-778 The First Americans
-779 Decisions - How to Make Choices
-780 Eye tricks, using averted vision
-781 Much todo about Notning
-782 Weighing the Internet
-783 Time, what happens in the Quantum World
-784 Poverty, the world needs help
-785 The Democrats Surrender, al Qaeda ha a mission.
-786 Fatal Statistics, themajor causes of death in the US and the World.
-787 Microbes
-395 E=mc^2 using a Teeter-Totter Deriving Einstein's equation.
-788 Global Warming
-789 Sunscreen
-790 Solar Power
-791 My Morning Coffee
-792 Nanobacteria and Kidney Stones
-793 Staph Infections
-794 Warped Passages - String Theory
-795 Full Moon
-796 Science and Math
-797 Jupiter
-798 Science and Math, Part II
-799 Science and Math, Part III
-800 Pakistan and Kashmir
-801 The Brain
-802 Northern Lights
-803 Transcendental Numbers, "e" and "pi"
-804 Double Loop Learning
-805 Gambling
-806 Word Processing
-807 Dumbbell Nebula
-808 Oxygen, levels throughout the eons.
-809 Perseids Meteor Shower
-810 Sunspots and Cosmic Rays, how they affect rain in Africa.
-811 The Large Hadron Collider
-812 The Icy Moons of Jupiter
-813 Life from comets. Did comets bring life to Earth?
-814 Fast speed and short time.
-815 Mercury
-816 Why is Gravity so Small?
-817 Venus Mysteries. Latest things we've learned about our planets.
-818 Saturn's Moon Titan
-819 Black Holes in all sizes
-820 Magnetism
-821 Electric charges.
-822 Dark Energy, the unknown force that is expanding the Universe.
-823 Sound Waves and the Cosmic Microwave Background.
-824 Cosmic Inflation. , needed to explain the Universe we see.
-825 Creating the elements. How the Big Bang created the first few elements.
-826 Gamma Rays
-827 Mars, lastest things we have learned about our neighboring planet.
-828 What is the Universe made of? The elements and Dark Matter.
-829 Earth
-830 The 24 hour Day. How it is changing
-831 Supernova 1987A, what we have learned about supernovae from this close exploding star.
-832 Eta Carinae, the next supernova in our galaxy.
-833 What you will not believe about our Sun.
-834 What you will not believe about our Sun, Part II
-835 The Redshift Explained.
-836 The Cosmic Ladder, how astronomers measure distances in the cosmos.
-837 Weighing Galaxies Using Hot Gas. How we measure mass of galaxies by their interstellar gas temperature.
-838 Over 250 Extrasolar Planets. Descriptions of a few of the 250 planets so far discovered in other solar systems.
-839 Our own Gaseous Planets are reviewed for comparison with the extrasolar planets newly discovered.
-840 51 Pegasi b planet discovered using the Doppler method.
-841 HD209458 planet discovered using the Transit method.
-842 Pressed for Time, the history of the Cosmos compressed into one year.
-843 But a Spectrum of Light. How astronomers measure temperature and size of stars and planets.
-844 Life on Other Planets. What are the odds and how are they being calculated.
-845 Red Nova - V838 Monocerotis
-846 Too Weird to Ponder, space, gravity, time, astronomy
-847 Ceres our 5th Planet
-848 Black Holes are Everywhere.
-849 The Expanding Universe, about Cosmic Inflation.
-850 The Energy in a Solar Flare, contains lots of math to explain how astronomers measure this.
-851 The Nanotube Radio.
-852 Energy Flow and Thermionics. How to get electricity out of heat.
-853 Math, the Golden Ratio. Curiosities with an irrational number.
-854 Time ,GPS, and Entropy. Why the relativity is needed to make GPS work. The arrow of time.
-855 The Black Hole at the center of our Milky Way. Math used to find it.
-856 Brown Dwarfs, planets in space without a solar system. How did they get there?
-857 Hubble Deep Field Discoveries. Looking at one spot is space Hubble saw 10,000 galaxies going back to near the beginning of time. What did they learn?
-858 How Hot the Sun. How do astronomers measure the surface temperature of the Sun?
-859 Kinetic Energy.
-860 International Space Station. Have a visit. Learn how to sight it in the evening sky.
-861 Cannon Ball Neutron Star. The fastest star in the heavens.
-862 Crab Nebula Neutron Star
-863 Glalactic Distances
-864 Galactic Cluster Distances.
-865 In the Dark of the Night
-866 Milky Way, learn about the basic structure of our galaxy.
-867 Milky Way 2
-868 Seeing with 1/2 a Brain. How vision compares with computers.
-869 The Mayan Calendar. How the Mayan history was dated.
-870 The First Americans, how humans migrated to N and S. America.
-871 Carbon-14 dating. How this method of dating fossils works.
-872 Potassium-40 dating. How this method of dating fossils works.
-873 The First Mammals. How mammals evolved form the shrew over 110,000,000 years.
-874 Relativity, Einstein's theory. Calculate the equations using simple algebra and the Pythagorean theorem
-875 Cosmic Rays, what are they and where do they come from? Are they dangerous?
-876 May the Force be with You. What is force and how is it affected by relativity?
-877 The Art of War - how weapons have progressed thru to Weapons of Mass Destruction.
-878 Planetary Nebulae - How stars and our Sun will die.
-879 Heavy Hydrogen, deuterium
-880 Antimatter and Black Holes.
-881 Microbes Make Climate Change. Global Warming and how microbes can change all that.
-882 Vote to raise taxes
-883 Escape Velocity
-884 Pioneer Anomoly. Pioneer space craft launched 30 years ago is not obeying known physics, why?
-885 Hexbollah
-886 Global Warming and Foreigh oil
-887 Rocket Reactions. How rockets work.
-888 Kosovo and Serbia
-889 Follow the Money. Where R&D research money is going.
-890 Supernovae 1A.
-891 Living with Antimatter.
-892 Climate Change for Galaxies.
-893 Star Clusters.
-894 Olympic Awards. 1960 Olympics with a physics lesson.
-895 SRT California Speedway.
-896 Light from the distant past - Quasars
-897 1934 Truck Tune Up. Chevy 350 tune up is simple.
-898 The Universe as We Know It.
-899 Dog Nose Knows
-901 The Age of the Universe
-902 Astronomical directions. How to find stars with right ascension and declination.
-903 Spinning Black Holes
-904 Galactic particle accelerators.
-905 Hypervelocity stars, stars shot out by Black Holes.
-906 Germs and viruses.
-907 The Biggest Star. What is the biggest star and where is it?
-908 Global Warming
-909 History of Climate Change. Geological changes in Earth over the eons.
-910 Time to think, thinking about time. The information travels at the speed of light but often gets garbled in the last few inches. Between the back of the eyes and the front of the brain.
-911 Shuttle landings, What it takes and what happened with the Russian Soyux landing recently.
-912 Wave-particles, anti-matter and entanglement. Three physic theories that blow your mind.
-913 Apophis and Killer Asteroids, arriving April 17 2029
-914 Afghanistan. History of war.
-915 Light and Atom Interferometers, new instruments for astronomy and much more.
-916 Gamma Ray Telescopes, how they work and what will we see?
-917 Gravity Waves, how they will be detected.
-918 End of Humanity, planetary nebulae.
-919 Planet Travel
-920 Global Scarcity
-921 Island universe, the fate of the Universe.
-922 Understanding Yourself, the brain.
-923 Where is Energy Going?
-924 Rutherford’s Atom
-925 Hydrogen Radio Signal
-926 Acid Ocean
-927 Jupiter the Giant Planet
-928 Planet Formation
-929 Youngest Supernova
-930 Einstein’s Legacy
-931 Forces of the Universe
-932 Moon Meteors
-933 Galaxy Evolution
-934 Light’s mysteries
-935 Planet temperatures
-936 What the heck is goin on round here?
-937 Iran
-938 Spinning Asteroid
-939 Update of the Milky Way
-940 Not enough light.
-941 Telescopes
-942 Last 35 Years of Astronomy
-943 Between Physics and Astronomy
-944 Quasars
-945 Find Hell on Venus, calculating the greenhouse gas effect.
-946 Nuclear Forces and the electron volts.
-947 The First Big Stars
-948 The Universal Constants - light, gravity, permeability, permittivity, fine structure constant
-949 The Diversity of Stars, the fight between mass and gravity.
-950 Ernst Rutherford, how his experiment determined the make up of the atom.
-951 What it means to be Visible. Light from moving electrons.
-952 Energy into WIMPs and MACHOs
-953 Dark Matter WIMPs
-954 Dark Matter MACHOs
-955 The Large Hadron Collider. CERN Switzerland.
-956 Do You Have the Energy. Equations for all the various forms of energy
-957 Enceladus - Moon of Saturn
-958 Solar Electricity
-959 Microbes form animals
-960 Phonons, Plasmons, and Magnons, particle physics and particle wave duality.
-961 Federal budget, how $700B bailout compares to the federal budget.
-962 Canada, the history of our northern neighbor.
-963 Superconductors and MRIs
-964 Thermodynamics and the Fate of the Universe
-965 The chemistry of planet formation
-966 Thermocouples and Heat pumps
-967 Election 2008, What voters need to learn.
-968 What voters need to learn. Sent to my representatives in congress.
-969 Ava and Noahs’ Dewars. Invention of the thermos bottle.
-970 Voters need to learn part two.
-971 Antimatter
-972 ObamaACORN
-973 Physics in a Nutshell - particle physics.
-974 Gravity, What is it Really?
-975 Atomic bomb versus the Hydrogen bomb
-976 First planets seen in visible light.
-977 Bosons and fermions, photons and electrons. Bose-Einstein statistics.
-978 Pleiades Star Cluster
-979 Calculating the Mass of the Proton
-980 Magic and ADHD
-981 Holly - Happy Thanksgiving , Dogs to wolves.
-982 Bacteria are Amazing
-983 How Atoms Work.
-984 The Art of Astronomy, false color images.
-985 Measuring how an Atom Works.
-986 How Molecules Work.
-987 California’s Budget. Where the money goes. Why there is not enough.
-988 The Temperature of Light. Boltzman’s constant that bridges light to temperature.
-989 Extreme Microbes.
-990 U.S. Ancestry. Population of the U.S. by ancestry. And, more.
-991 More Microbes, some wanted more pictures.
-992 An Inconvenient Fact - Al Gore on Global Warming
-993 North Korea
-994 World Seed Bank
-995 Breakthroughs in Solar Cells
-996 Wisdom at Age 68
-997 ADHD in Kids and Adults
-998 Israel and Gaza, 3,500 years to today
-999 The Human Genome and Health
-1000 Israel and Gaza, part 2 1949 to present
-1001 Israel and Gaza part 3 1979 to present
-1002 Water Crisis in China and in the US
-1003 Is the Earth Warming Up? Are We causing it?
-1004 How to speed up your computer.
-1005 A Homogeneous Universe, The cosmological principle. Isotropic Universe.
-1006 Is Time Slowing Down, that would explain Dark Energy
-1007 Bush 41 Iraq war. What it cost, how was it paid for.
-1008 Science 2008, what were the top 10 science stories last year.
-1009 DNA of the Wooly Mammoth. Can the beast be brought back from extinction?
-1010 Evolution of Cancer.
-1011 Lactose Tolerance, why some adults can digest milk, some can’t.
-1012 Age of the Universe, how did astronomers figure that out?
-1013 Interstellar dust, it is how stars and life are made. How?
-1014 The Brain, recent studies on how it works. Politicians need not apply.
-1015 Anarchism and Communism
-1016 Life coming to us from space
-1017 Meteorites and Asteroids, big ones that hit the Earth
-1018 From our Sun to a Planetary Nebulae
-1019 The Sudbury Asteroid near Lake Michigan
-1020 Getting Natural Gas from Microbes.
-1021 The latest in Electric Cars.
-1022 Coal and Oil in the US and how it can fuel our Electric Cars.
-1023 The Number Pi
-1024 Brainology Mindset, how to raise kids to have the right attitudes.
-1025 Nuclear Power today. Small reactors are being exported around the world.
-1026 The Uncertainty Principle in Quantum Mechanics
-1027 The Exclusion Principle in Quantum Mechanics
-1028 Applying Quantum Mechanics to Astronomy
-1029 The Mystery of Lithium in the Big Bang
-1030 What mankind can learn from the pencil to save the economy.
-1031 The Economy’s Stimulus Package
-1032 The Atom’s stability with Uncertainty.
-1033 Topology for 6th Graders
-1034 Wikileak the Economy
-1035 Biology Uses Quantum Mechanics.
-1036 Laws of the Universe, the fine-tuning problem
-1037 the Gravity of the Details, we need to change the equations for gravity.
-1038 The Artificial Leaf cobalt oxide in photosynthesis
-1039 Entanglement in Quantum Mechanics.
-1040 Water Masers from Galaxies.
-1041 Star with a Golden Ratio. The pentagram.
-1042 Pick’s Theorem Dot matrix measures areas.
-1043 The Strangeness of Light
-1044 Light to Matter, Stranger still.
-1045 Abundance of Alternative Energy.
-1046 Particles for Everything, 18 particles that make up the entire Universe
-1047 The Most Distant Galaxies, Hubble Deep Field, how lightyears and light distances are calculated.
-1048 A Swiss cheese Universe, an alternative to the existence of Dark Energy expanding the Universe.
-1049
-1050 The Universe Almost Didn’t Happen., The critical density and the Fine Tuning Problem.
1051 The Universe by the Numbers, Constants in Nature, unitless numbers
-1052 Light Bending Around the Sun. Proving Einstein’s theory that photons had momentum
-1053 Atomic Force Microscope, new technology that allows viewing individual atoms.
-1054 The Energy in Mass and Radiation. How mass and energy are the same thing over a very wide spectrum.
-1055 Cepheid’s Used to Discover America. Cepheid’s are variable stars that are standard candles for distance measurements in astronomy.
-1056 Iditarod Dogs. The sled dog race in Alaska that covers 1,000 miles in 16 days with dogs bred to run.
-1057 Why Solar, Why Hybrids, Why Now. Current energy crisis and why solar is the way to go. Why oil independence is critical to the U.S.
-1058 The Milky Way. Explains the history of how we learned that we live in a galaxy among galaxies.
-1059 September Astronomy. Covers the constellations in this months night sky. Survey to learn if this should be a regular review for readers. Features the Summer Triangle, Vega, Deneb, and Altair.
-1060 Using Genomics for Biofuels, UC Berkeley lectures on using genomes to selectively breed plants for biomass and fermentation into ethanol for cars.
-1061 October Astronomy, features the Big Dipper.
-1062 November Astronomy, features Cassiopeia, Andromeda, Pegasus
-1063 Binary Stars, nearly half the stars exist as binaries, not single stars. Explains how they form and how they die into spectacular celestial events.
-1064 SLAC, X-Ray Camera, Stanford Linear Accelerator’s new X-Ray camera takes pictures of molecules in action.
-1065 Algol , the Eclipsing Binary Stars. How the masses of binary stars are measured.
-1066 Proxima Centauri, Our Nearest Star is a Flare Star and a triple binary system.
-1067 Cygnus X-1 The Galactic X-Ray Star. How tidal forces cause orbit synchronization. Roche lobes and calculations of star masses.
-1068 Muon Capture - experimental physics to measure particle reactions when muons are fired at protons.
-1069 Mizar and Alcor Binary stars. Binaries detected by Doppler Shift and spectroscopy. Calculating the radial velocity of Vega.
-1070 The Kepler Telescope. Helium, Oxygen, and other interesting facts.
-1071 Thanksgiving Astronomy. Magnitudes of brightness and how they are calculated. Procyon, Sirius, Polaris, the Constellation Vulpecula the Fox
-1072 Avogadro’s Number. Every mole of a material contains the same number of molecules. How?
-1073 The Birth of my Universe. What we know about how we became to be. Questions about what we do not know.
-1074 Physics the way I learned it, Part I
-1075 Physics the way I learned it, Part II
-1076 Physics the way I learned it, Part IIII
-1077 Physics the way I learned it, Part IV
-1078 My Favorite Equations and their inventors. Pythagoras , Part I
-1079 My Favorite Equations and their inventors. Newton, Part II
-1080 My Favorite Equations and their inventors. Clausis, Maxwell, Part III
-1081 My Favorite Equations and their inventors. Einstein, Schrodinger, Heisenberg, Part IV
-1082 Name the stars from the biggest, brightest, smallest, fastest, etc.
-1083 Dark Energy, why we think it is there
-1084 Dark Energy, what else could it be?
-1086 Formulas for space, time and velocity (part I)
-1087 Formulas for galaxies, solar systems, and light (part II)
-1088 Formulas for atoms (part III)
-1089 Formulas for energy, action, work and momentum (part IV)
-1090 Formulas for math and geometry (part V)
-1091 December Astronomy, Merry Christmas
-1092 Plant Pollen, how plants evolved over ½ billion years.
-1093 Exoplanets, over 400 planets found around other stars.
-1094 Nature’s Constants and Particles, (Part1)
-1095 Math a Learned Discipline. Interesting facts about math.
-1096 Blackholes. All you want to know about the monsters in space.
-1097 Nature’s Constants and Particles, build your own particle accelerator.
-1098 Carbon Science and politics. How much of global warming is science? How much do scientists disagree on data and what it means to the environment? The methodology is excellent. The Inputs and the Assumptions are what the argument is about.
-1099 What are Mesons? Mesons are sub-atomic particles that only live for a fraction of a second. Thy belong to a zoo of particles made up of quarks and anti-quarks. They cause a zoo of new Greek names as science tries to understand the Universe.
-1100 What cause the Crab Nebula? Also about a new supernova recently discovered that tis sustained by energy converting back into matter.
-1101 How big is government waste? It is $1,000,000,000,000 in round numbers. Investigative reporters itemize all trillion dollars of waste your taxes are paying for. Congress does not tax for what it needs, it finds needs for whatever it gets.
-1102 What was the Star of Bethlehem? Astronomers have tried to run the astronomical clock backwards to discover what was the Star the Wise men saw. A comet, a supernova, the conjunction of planets, what?
-1103 What a Lichen. Fungus that has learned to farm.
-1104 Is our sun a variable star? How magnetism controls the Sun and at the same times protects the Earth.
-1105 Are little Blackholes dangerous?
- 1106 How government earmarks are spending your money. This year earmarks are over $6,000,000,000. Tom Coburn’s web site details all these expenditures that get representatives elected and you pay for it.
-1107 How do stars form? Infrared astronomer from the Spitzer space telescope. What new eyes in astronomy can see.
-1108 What forces control everything? The forces of gravity, electromagnetism, strong and weak nuclear are composed of 12 particles with 26 fundamental constants that control mass and the behavior of forces interacting in nature.
-1109 What are the four forces that control the Universe? There are only 28 fundamental constants in nature. Like the speed of light or the gravitational constant, but what are the other 26 constants. These constants control the forces that control the Universe. There are a few new ones that remain mysteries.
-1110 What is the smallest life possible? The study of nanobacteria. Are these bacterial alive on Mars?
-1111 January Astronomy outlines the main astronomical events for 2010. Mark your calendars for some backyard astronomy. It is going to be a great year.
-1112 What are the science discoveries over the last 50 years? Has much been done in science since 1959? Einstein is no longer here to help us. We need some new blood in science to top these discoveries. 50 years in review:
- -1100 What cause the Crab Nebula? Also about a new supernova recently discovered that this sustained by energy converting back into matter.
-1101 How big is government waste? It is $1,000,000,000,000 in round numbers. Investigative reporters itemize all trillion dollars of waste your taxes are paying for. Congress does not tax for what it needs, it finds needs for whatever it gets.
-1102 What was the Star of Bethlehem? Astronomers have tried to run the astronomical clock backwards to discover what was the Star the Wise men saw. A comet, a supernova, the conjunction of planets, what?
- 1103 Lichen? Fungus that has learned to farm.
-1104 Is our sun a variable star? How magnetism controls the Sun and at the same times protects the Earth.
-1105 Are little Blackholes dangerous?
- 1106 How government earmarks are spending your money. This year earmarks are over $6,000,000,000. Tom Coburn’s web site details all these expenditures that get representatives elected and you pay for it.
-1107 How do stars form? Infrared astronomer from the Spitzer space telescope. What new eyes in astronomy can see.
-1108 How far does the astronomical ladder reach? The history of how astronomers measured the distances to the stars and galaxies.
-1109 What forces control everything? The forces of gravity, electromagnetism, strong and weak nuclear are composed of 12 particles with 26 fundamental constants that control mass and the behavior of forces interacting in nature.
-1110 What is the smallest form of life? The study of nanobacteria. Do they have the answers to the beginning of life on Earth? Are they the causes of many human diseases?
-1111 January Astronomy and list of astronomical events to occur in 2010. New discoveries in the Milky Way Galaxy.
-1112 Science discoveries in the last 50 years. Most new discoveries came in space exploration and in biochemistry and genetics.
-1113 Stars in your neighborhood. Details of astronomy located within 15 lightyears from Earth. There are 59 stars inside this sphere of space. What are the neighborhood stars like?
-1114 Milky Way Galaxy. What do we know about our galaxy and how did we find out living inside it?
-1115 How did Earth’s continents form. How do today’s plate tectonics affect earthquakes.
-1116 What are astronomy’s standard candles? How do these known energy sources allow astronomers to measure distances?
-1117 Iceman Physics. A caveman found frozen is a glacier. How did physics help find the history of his life? How much can carbon dating and other forms of radioactive decay tell us?
-1118 Why are 2 stars better than one? Half or the stars are in binary systems. When 2 stars orbit each other the laws of physics can be used to learn much more information. But, you have to do the math.
-1119 Review 113 introduced the stars in our neighborhood. 59 stars within 15 lightyears. What are the galaxies like in our neighborhood? Out to 300,000 lightyears what is there?
-1120 Galaxy collisions. What happens when the Milky Way and Andromeda Galaxies collide in 2.5 billion years from now? What order comes out of the chaos of these galaxy collisions?
-1121 Why do we think there is an enormous Blackhole in the center of the Milky Way Galaxy? What do we know about this Blackhole that is so close?
-1122 Orion Nebula is a great backyard telescope observation. It is active in star formation very similar to how our Solar System formed 4.6 billion years ago. The gas emissions are studied to explain a myriad of colors found in the nebula. Imagination is a lot more important than knowledge.
-1123 Globular Cluster size calculation. How do astronomers determine the size of distant objects. Physics and math are used to estimate the size of a Globular Cluster of stars.
-1124 Milky Way Galaxy. What does our galaxy look like? What is it made of? What are some of the biggest mysteries that remains?
-1125 Archimedes and Eratosthenes were ancient Greeks that invented the value of pi, the volume of a sphere, the circumference of the Earth. This history was made 200 years before the birth of Christ.
-1126 Einstein’s cosmological constant. What explains an expanding Universe? Understanding Einstein’s equations and how they are used in cosmology.
-1127 4 questions that do not make sense with the Big Bang theory. With the best answers we have for these questions.
-1128 Big Bang. What evidence is used to support the Big Bang theory?
-1129 Pluto. What have we learned about the 5 Dwarf Planets in our Solar System. Why Pluto got butted out of the Solar System. New Hubble pictures show Pluto’s changing surface. What is causing these dynamic changes?
-1130 Computers made smaller. What are some of the technologies that can continue to make computers smaller, faster, and cheaper.
-1131 Uranus. What have we learned about the planet Uranus? Why is Uranus orbiting on its side?
-1132 Galaxy gravity. Why don’t galaxies follow the laws of gravity? Comparing Newton’s equations and Kepler’s equations for the orbiting velocities of planets in the solar system and stars in the galaxy system. How Dark Matter is used to explain the discrepancies.
-1133 Hypervelocity Stars. How can stars get shot out of our galaxy at over 1,000,000 miles per hour? 16 such stars have been discovered. What are the theories as to how they achieve these enormous speeds? How do astronomers measure velocity in 3-D space?
-1134 Star formation. How do stars begin to form in the first place? We have a simple theory, but, there are many gaps and questions remaining to explain star formation.
-1135 Stars Explode. Why do stars explode when they die. They die when they run out of fuel. So, what is it that explodes? Astronomers think sound waves are part of the cause. How can sound waves have something to do with a Supernova?
-1136 Particle Physics. Our whole world is only 6 particles. What are the six particles? Why are there other particles that do not make up our world? The Standard Model is the most successful theory ever, but, what are 10 questions it cannot answer to date?
-1137 Planetary Nebulae. Why do smaller stars die as planetary nebulae and not as supernovae? Why do planetary nebulae have so many different and strange shapes?
- 1138 Fossil fuels. Why do we need biological fuels soon? Can pond scum replaces fossil fuels? US energy consumption grows 38% 2005 to 2025.
-1139 Neutrinos. What have we learned about neutrinos? How can they let is see further than photons?
Why are neutrinos so difficult to detect?
-1140 Blackholes. Why do astronomers think that Blackholes spin? How can they possible measure the spin rate of a Blackhole that can not be seen? What are some of the spin rates that have been measured so far?
-1141 Exoplanets. What did astronomers see last year, 2009? Gamma Ray bursts, Cosmic Rays, planets belonging to other solar systems. Over 400 planets discovered since 1990. 60 are transiting planets and we can detect their atmospheres.
-1142 Einstein’s equations. How to test Einstein’s equations? Do his predictions work out in experiments? Einstein gave science 3 tests that they could use to prove his theories.
-1143 Lagrange Points. The gravity boundaries in space offer ways to travel in the solar system with very little fuel. The problem is in the mathematics to navigate these transitions which require chaos theory. However, space travel is now using this means of space travel. Find out how?
-1144 Titan moon of Saturn. Titan is the only moon with an atmosphere similar to Earth. It has a liquid weather cycle too. But, the liquid is methane, not water. Learn about this strange new world.
-1145 Exoplanets. We have discovered over 400 of them. Learn what extreme conditions these planets endure. How soon will we likely find one that is similar to Earth?
-1146 Dark Universe. Why did the Universe turn dark after the Big Bang. When light first emerged why did it turn dark again. Then light did finally reappear for the astronomers to see. Astronomers use new tools to see backward in time into the Dark Ages of our beginning.
-1147 Dark Energy. What are the 3 theories put forth the explain Dark Energy and the accelerating expansion of the Universe? What are the 4 ways we have to measure it?
-1148 Ardi our human ancestor. What did we learn from our discovery of an ancient human-like creature that was 4,400,000 years old? What does this find say about the common ancestor for humans and apes?
-1149 Anti-matter. Why does matter outnumber anti-matter? What could account for the Broken Symmetry? What are Charge Parity Violations and how can they account for less anti-matter?
-1150 Solar System. What are some of the extreme conditions found in our Solar System? What are some of the most recent unexpected surprises? What is unique about each of the planets?
-1151 Life on Earth. How did the elements on the early planet change from chemistry to biology? There are two theories being pursued. Was life inevitable or was it accidental?
-1152 Europa. What are the possibilities of finding life on a moon of Jupiter Europa has a sub-surface ocean with more liquid water than we have on Earth. Could there be life there?
-1153 Elements. How were the 116 elements formed? The Big Bang only produced 2 elements. Where were the rest created?
-1154 Elements created in the first 3 minutes after the Big Bang. Energy created matter in protons and electrons. How did hydrogen, helium, lithium get produced in this early beginning? In the first 3 minutes?
-1155 Gravity Waves. What is the theory behind gravity waves? How are astronomers planning to detect the waves? What evidence to they have now that gravity waves even exist?
-1156 Solar Flares. What causes solar flares? How do astronomers measure the velocity of a flare on the Sun? What kind of damages can flares have on Earth? What is the history of flares?
-1157 Mysteries in our Solar System. A half a dozen questions remain unanswered about our Sun, Mars, planet rotations, Titan moon, and the Pioneer spacecraft anomaly.
-1158 Gamma Rays. Where do Gamma Rays come from? There are two types of Gamma Ray Bursts. What are their likely causes? One burst can outshine 100,000,000 galaxies.
-1159 Magnetars. Magnetars are rotating Neutron Stars or Blackholes that have massive magnetic fields. These magnetic fields actually slow down the spin rates. What do we know about these stars? How many are there? What generates this enormous magnetic energy?
-1160 Gamma Ray Bursts. What can astronomers see with Gamma Rays? Shows an example of how a massive supernova creates a Gamma Ray Burst. How often are the bursts occurring?
-1161 Silver Mirror. How does a mirror really work at the electromagnetic wave level? How is a mirror explained in quantum mechanics? Rotating a bowl of mercury to make a parabolic mirror for a telescope.
-1162 Monocerotis V838 Nova. Nova are exploding stars that do not go supernova. What is the difference? How do we explain the strange nova that do not match the calculations astronomers come up with?
-1163 Cosmic Rays. What are Cosmic Rays and where do they come from? How are they detected here on Earth? What are some of the events of Cosmic Rays bombarding our atmosphere? Cosmic Rays can be over 10 million times more powerful than our biggest Particle Accelerators.
-1164 Nanotube radio. A single carbon nanotube just 500 nanometers long can be built to function as a radio. What is the technology that gets a radio out of a single nanotube? What are some of the applications that can come of this?
-1165 Mercury, a different planet. What are some of the differences in Mercury and what are the possible explanations? 2 spacecraft will be there soon to check out these theories.
-1166 Enceladus, the moon of Saturn that has water geysers and may have an underground ocean.
-1167 Epsilon Aurigae an eclipsing star that goes dim this summer, 2010. It has some form of eclipsing occurring every 27 years. Here is the best theory that is to be tested.
-1168 Epsilon Eradani the star with the exoplanet.
-1169 - Sun Power. Spring Equinox. How does the Sun power reach my backyard? The Sun burns 4,000,000 tons of hydrogen every second.
-1170 Laser Ignition Fusion - Lawrence Livermore National Labs laser ignition of fusion. NIF, National Ignition Facility housing the largest laser in the world. Great videos.
-1171 Light Energy. What happens to light if you keep adding energy to it?
-1172 Neptune. The farthest planet from the Sun. What are some of the things we know about this far away world? What are some of the mysteries?
-1173 Hubble Deep Field Galaxies. Hubble’s time exposure looks back to galaxies that first formed after the Big Bang. How did astronomers determine how far away these galaxies were? How long did it take their light to reach us? What does redshift mean for the age of these galaxies?
-1174 Solar System Size. If you scale the Solar System size down to basketball size. What does it look like? The Earth is a pinhead in the Solar System that is 90 feet across.
-1175 Jupiter’s moons. Jupiter’s 4 largest moons are each a different discovery. The largest is bigger than the planet Mercury. Two of the moons likely have underground oceans containing more water than we have on Earth.
-1176 Venus. Our sister planet is far from our imaginations picture. What have the recent spacecraft uncovered that make this a strange sister?
-1177 Blackholes in Astronomy
-1178 Santa Rosa Geysers. How Santa Rosa city wastewater is used to generate electricity in the geothermal wells of the Geysers.
-1179 Hubble Space Telescope has made many scientific discoveries in its 20 years. What new science has come from this orbiting telescope?
-1180 California water is in short supply. What is the water resource situation and what is the fresh water resource future for California?
-1181 The 4D electron microscope. How it can take movies of atoms and protein molecules.
-1182 James Webb Space Telescope. It will replace Hubble telescope in 2013. What are the changes and what more will be likely see.
-1183 Mysteries in Physics. What are 10 mysteries in physics today that the students today should know about and be ready to solve in the future.
-1184 Deep Water Oil. Brazil oil field in 5 mile deep drilling
-1185 Tar Sand Oil. Canada’s tar sands and how oil production has hurt the environment.
-1186 3G’s new horizons. 2 hour course at Verizon to learn capabilities of new 3G phones.
-1187 The Eggs Around Us. About insect eggs and how they have evolved for survival.
-1188 Electric Power. The state of green and renewable technologies to provide electric power.
-1189 The Beginning of time. The physics behind what time is and how it evolved in the past and in the future.
-1190 Thank Your Children . How the resources have been consumed in the 20th Century.
-1191 The Aging at Birth. How the aging process works. How cells evolved for survival and passing on their legacy to the next generation.
-1192 The Zoo of Pulsars. Neutron Stars take many forms and behaviors. What have astronomers seen to date.
-1193 - Asteroid to hit Earth.
-1194 - Science the next 30 years.
-1195 - James V birthday. Picture of great grandpa in 8 th grade.
-1196 - Science in the last 30 years, 1980 to 2010.
-1197 - Electricity from sound, piezoelectric
-1198 - Aging, what’s new in slowing it down.
-1199 - Gravitational lens
-1200 - So you think you are having a bad day. Asteroids, doomsday scenarios.
-1201 - The sustainable, green, village in Rohnert Park
-1203 - Lesson Plan for learning Trust Fund
-1204 - Carbon tax and why it is better to invest in Research and Development of alternative energies.
-1205 - Dark Matter , what is it, how do we know it exists, and what do we still need to learn about the Universe
-1206 - Nanowire Solar cells.
-1207 - Solar Fuel cells. How technology is trying to duplicate the photosynthesis process of an ordinary leaf. Convert sunlight to fuel.
-1208 - The evolution of the Universe. What do we know about how it all happened.
-1209 - Climate change. How a local business is analyzing microwave satellite data to determine the trends of temperature rise, water vapor, greenhouse gases affecting the Earth’s climate.
-1210 - Is String Theory Going to be the New Math?- One of the biggest conflicts in Science is that the math used in General Relativity works perfectly at macro distances. And, the math of Quantum Mechanics works perfectly at sub atomic distances. But, neither math holds up in the other arena. Why? String Theory uses math derived form assuming all particles are vibrating strings. To get the math to work it has to uses 11 dimensions, or 11 degrees of freedom. Out of it come many elegant predictions. Sadly, none have been given observational evidence.
- 1211 - What is Discrete Math ? - Discrete Math uses only integers that defines rules for combinations, permutations, sequences, and arrangements of whole numbers. It is the basis of binary logic used in computers. It is digital math using integers 1 and zero. It is not analog math like that used in calculus, Pi, fractions, smooth curves, or continuous graphs.
-1212 - How to Make Solar Cells more Efficient?- How to make Solar Cells more efficient? What’s new in nanotechnology to get Silicon Solar Cells to absorb more light and provide more electricity with greater efficiency. The labs have produced a 10 fold improvement using nano-photonic light-trapping technology
- 1213 - How to Calculate Odds for Poker Hands? - Calculating Poker odds becomes a calculation of combinations that can be drawn from a 52 card deck. It is Discrete Math of integers that defines rules for combinations, permutations, sequences, and arrangements of whole numbers. It is the basis of binary logic used in computers. Here we use a simple subset that deals with combinations of cards important to the game of poker.
-1214 - What is Reality and How Do Astronomers Deal with It?- Is the Universe 3 dimensional? How did space begin? Why is there matter filling space? How were galaxies born? What is Dark Matter? Is all the matter found in galaxies? What is Dark Energy? Will the Universe expand forever?
-1215 - What Has Happened in the Past 10 Cosmological Decades? - The evolution of the Universe depends on our assumptions that the laws of Physics are constant and everywhere the same. Given this Physics can predict what happened in the past and what will happen in the future. It is the model we have to work with today, in the 21st Century and the 10th Cosmological Decade.
-1216 - You Can’t Learn When Your Are Talking! - Why can humans talk better than the other animals? Can infants really learn their language in the womb? What language is the most popular? Did you already know this?
-1217 - How to Find the Higgs Boson? - How massive do we expect the Higgs Boson to be? How much energy will it take to find it? How does this compare with the other fundamental particles that have already been discovered? A table is calculated to compare the fundamental particle masses with ordinary objects so you can better visualize the challenge.
-1218 - Could Dark Matter be another Universe? - Astronomers studying the evolution of the Universe are convinced that 95% of the Universe is unobservable with electromagnetic waves such as light. However, they can see with the effects of Gravity pulling and Entropy pushing the expansion of the Universe. Their conclusions are that 72% is Dark Energy and 23% Dark Matter. This review is of the search for Dark Matter particles. After all Ordinary Matter is made up of particles why not Dark Matter?
-1219 - ICECUBE - Neutrino Telescope at the South Pole. - An amazing new telescope was constructed inside of glacier ice at the South Pole. It is designed to detect Neutrinos and to study sources of nuclear fusion and Cosmic Rays throughout the Cosmos. This review describes how the telescope was built, how it works, and what it expects to discover.
- 1220 - Does the Sun Contain the Periodic Table? - This review discusses how the stars and the Sun formed the elements in the Periodic Table. You will learn how elements are identified in the stars. Discoveries are made in the stars that are later reproduced in the laboratories on Earth. Discoveries of the abundance of elements in the Sun tell astronomers about the evolution of the Universe.
-1221 - December, 2010 will be Spectacular !!! - December, 2010 has a spectacular Lunar Eclipse and many astronomical wonders that you need to partake in. This review is a calendar of events and an explanation of the Earth’s shadow passing over the Moon.
-1222 - Are You Monitoring Your Web Identity? - It is important that you take responsibility for your web identity. Google your name in all its forms to learn what is public. You likely cannot remove but you can add if something is not right. Facebook and Twitter security is little better than public information.
-1223 - Where Do Big Stars Go When They Die? - Big stars have short lives and dramatic deaths. This review highlights the bigger supernovae explosions that create Gamma Ray Bursts, Magnetars, and Pulsars. It refers to a small satellite student project that hopes to contribute to our understanding of these cosmic wonders.
-1224 - Will Superconductivity Happen at Room Temperatures? - Superconductivity could bring us near free electricity, levitated train travel, MRI’s in every doctors office and who knows what else. The challenge is getting superconductivity to work at high enough temperatures that it can be commercially produced. We are making progress. Superconductivity is occurring at ever higher temperatures. When we know why, a breakthrough will be imminent ,and, that physicists will be eminent.
-1225 Is the Universe Really a Computer? - Seth Lloyd wrote a book in 2006 entitled “ Programming the Universe”. His theory was that the Universe was a giant computer and that it could be analyzed like a computer. This Review is about some of his ideas.
-1226 - Why Are There Three Generations of Electrons? - - This review discusses the various properties of the electron and how adding energy creates the second and third generation of electrons called Muons and Taus.
-1227 - Does Expanding Universe Violate the Conservation of Energy? As the Universe expands the light waves get stretched to lower energies. Where does this loss of energy go? This review discusses the law of Conservation of Energy and how spacetime causes us to see this is a loss of energy.
-1228 - How Many Stars are in the Universe? - Press Democrat 12-2-10 AP has an estimate of the number of stars in the Universe. Thinking all galaxies were similar to our Milky Way they undercounted the number of Red Dwarf stars. The new number is 3 times larger. Our Milky Way Galaxy is unique. Here is how:
-1229 - Is the Universe Entangled in Property Pairs that Defy Reason? - Atomic properties come in pairs that are mysteriously linked. If you can gain information about one property you automatically can know less about the other property. These properties have wave distributions that can be linked across great distances. Entanglement, we may likely be using it before we can understand it.
-1230 - Nanotube Weirdness of the Very Small? - As astronomers search the very big we find weirdness, 95% of which is not understood. The same happens in the other directions as physicists search the very small atoms and molecules do not behave like we expect. Nanotechnology weirdness will go commercial before we ever understand how it works. It will be even better when we understand it.
-1231 - How Entanglement Crosses the Universe? - Electrons can change shells in the atom and tell us how far a galaxy is away from us. Electrons in the same shell of an atom are entangled in order to obey the Exclusion Principle that does not allow two electrons to share the same energy state in the atom. How these two properties communicate across the Universe is totally different.
-1232 - Do You Need Some Moon Eclipse Party Trivia? - The Moon contains some interesting facts that make for an interesting conversation at your Moon eclipse party on the 20th of December, 2010. See Review 1228 for details about the astronomy events in December, but, here is trivia just about our Moon.
-1233 - What Would it Look Like if the Milky Way was the size of the U.S.A. - Scaling the Milky Way Galaxy on to the map of the U.S. helps us visualize the vastness of what we can see in astronomy. It adds to our imagination when we gaze into the night sky.
-1234 - Why is the Sky Dark and the Universe Leaving Us? - Trying to describe the size of the Universe is trying to explain the unknowable. But, there is a lot to be learned in trying. The expansion of the Universe explains a lot of what we observe. The Cosmic Microwave Background was a critical discovery in helping us determine the age of the Universe and the rate of the expansion of space.
-1235 - Equations are Sentences in Short Hand - Equations are no different than text messaging. You simply have to learn the short cuts in describing stuff in a different language. Math is a language used to describe things. Numbers are used to describe quantities. The verb in most equations is simply “ is equal to”. Here are some equations that describe how frequency and wavelength keep the speed of light constant. How the frequency of light describes its energy. How distance determines the force of gravity. How the radius of an orbit determines its period. There are many more equations if you like this sort of stuff, I can continue.
-1236 - To Learn the Stars that are our Nearest Neighbors? - The 8 nearest stars to us are less than 10 lightyears away. The closest is 4.2 lightyears away. Each star has a story to tell, and, learning about them makes finding these points of light in the sky much more interesting.
-1237 - How Vacuum Energy is Affecting Nanotechnology and Expanding the Universe at the same time? - The picture below is that of a tiny ball 200 micrometers in diameter balanced on the probe of an atomic force microscope. Placed in a vacuum and reduced to temperatures of near Absolute Zero a small force remains. It is a Vacuum Force that we are just beginning to measure and may even be the Dark Energy that is accelerating the expansion of the Universe.
-1238 - How Many Atoms are in a kilogram? - To measure the mass in kilograms we need to have a kilogram standard. Science would like to have a standard defined in some way tied to nature’s fundamental constants. Like the length of the meter is defined in terms of the constant speed of light.
-1239- Do Thunderstorms Create Anti-Matter with Lightning? - Gamma Ray telescopes were launched into space to study distance sources of Gamma Ray radiation and flares. Imagine our surprise when the Gamma Ray flares were found coming from the tops of thunderstorms in the opposite direction we were looking.
-1240 - Stephen’s Quintet Merging Galaxies. - The picture below is a “composite” image of the five merging galaxies in the Constellation Pegasus, The Winged Horse. The galaxies are called the Stephen’s Quintet. They are 280 million lightyears from Earth, but, they are showing us how galaxies evolved and merged in the early Universe as well as what is going on today.
-803 - Transcendental Numbers : “e” and “pi”. - Transcendental numbers and Irrational numbers have a unique place in our language of mathematics. Math somehow is as much discovered as it is invented. Much of what we find in math is inherent in the natural world. Nature obviously got there first. Here is some interesting stuff about these numbers if you like this sort of thing:
-1023 - The Number Pi - Our history tells us that the number “Pi” was first approximated in 1,900 years before the birth of Christ. “Pi” was known to be the ratio of the circumference of any circle to its diameter. The calculation was done to the base 60 not to the base 10. To the base 10 their calculation was a little greater than 3. Pi has a long history of discovery. It was not until ---1761 that Pi was recognized as an Irrational Number. There are so many equations used to describe nature and natural laws that have this unique number included.
-1072 - Avogadro’s Number. - This review tries to calculate the number of atoms in the air using Avogadro’s Number and the number of breaths available in the Earth’s atmosphere. Enter if you like to play with numbers.
-1241 - How Can Space and Time be Related?. - Space and time seem to be absolute quantities to us. It is hard to see their interrelationship until you take their ratio as velocity and extend that ratio to its limits. In order for the speed of light to be a constant physical law in the Universe, regardless of the relative motion of all observers everywhere, then space and time must change in a compensating way to keep the velocity constant.
-1242 - How Does Spacetime Change at the Micro-level?. - Space and time change at the macro-level to keep the velocity of communications a constant. At the micro-level space and time become lumpy with uncertainties and seem to avoid this limitation all together. We live in the middle of these extremes and only recognize them at the frontiers of physics and astronomy.
-1243 - What is Behind the Man in the Moon? - After U.S. astronauts have landed on the Moon 6 times and 9 more robotic missions have completed more measurements on the Moon, what more have we learned? Using lasers and seismographs science has formulated how the Moon likely formed and what its interior is like below the surface. That surface is what we see today and it has not changed much over the past 3 billion years.
-1244 - Blackholes Explained? - The attached picture is of 2 merging galaxies and the resulting creation of Blackholes in the massive star formations that came out of the collision. What are the conditions that create these astronomical mysteries?
-1245 - Can Dust in Outer Space contain Life? - What creates the dust we find in space throughout our Solar System? Could life have started in the dust of outer space? Once life got started in space how did it survive the radiation that destroys life? Regardless of how we got here aren’t you glad you landed on Mother Earth?
-1246 - Radiation in Space and Dangers to Life? - Space may have the ingredients for the start of life but, it also has the radiation to destroy life. See Review #1245 - Dust in Space Ingredients for Life. We do not know when chemistry became biology, but, when life leaves the protection of Earth it enters a space bathed in radiation that can destroy life.
-1247 - The Solar Wind Dangerous, or, a new Form of Energy? - The Solar Wind gets captured by the Earth’s magnetic field creating a powerful source of electricity high above out heads. Is there a way to tap into all this energy that the Sun sends us.
-1248 - How Does the Magnetic Field Protect Us from the Solar Wind? - This review has the physics and math to explain how the Solar Wind of charged particles are captured by the Earth’s magnetic field. The charges bounce between the North and South magnetic poles and create the Van Allen Radiation Belts that are far above our heads and shielding us from the Sun’s more dangerous radiation.
-1249 - How Does Fusion Work in the Stars? - The fusion in the core of stars can be analyzed as simple hydrogen nuclei, which are protons, fusing together to create heavier elements. Each fusion process up to the element Iron releases some amount of energy. Knowing how much energy our Sun puts out we can estimate the lifetime of our star, how long it will take to “burn up” all of this proton fuel.
-1251 - Did You Realize the Your Are 1 in a Million? - Kepler Space Telescope has discovered planets orbiting other stars. Based on this find astronomers conservative estimate is that over 1 million other Earth-size and habitable planets reside in our Milky Way Galaxy. Here is how the discoveries were made:
1252 - New Worlds Discovered when Cassini Visits Saturn. - The Cassini spacecraft has made some amazing new discoveries visiting the planet Saturn, its rings, and its moons. This review is a short summary of these discoveries.
-1253 - Japan’s Tsunami Moves the Earth. - This review illustrates the power of the Japan earthquake and the resulting tsunami wave that occurred March 11 this year. It uses some math and physics lessons to show how the Earth can change its speed of rotation, the length of a day, and a shift on its axis of rotation.
-1254 - What Happens When You Cool an Atom? - Getting to the very small enters the Quantum World where physics takes on strange behavior. But, also, getting to the very cold enters the same unusual world of Quantum Mechanics. Today science is exploring more of this world near temperatures of Absolute Zero, (-273 degrees Centigrade).
-1255 - What Have We Learned about the Electron? This review covers the many things we have learned about the electron. It is a fundamental particle in our Universe that is responsible for electricity, electronics, chemistry, biology, and the neurological thinking that goes on in your brain. So, in a way, in reading this review your electrons are studying themselves.
-1256 - Why Do I Have Earthquake Insurance? - The Pacific Tectonic plate has been moving lately. Chile received an 8.8 Magnitude in February, Christchurch, New Zealand a 6.3 in February, Japan a 9.0 in March. Earthquakes appear to occur in bunches since 1900. Here is a review of record and predictions for the future.
-1257 - Are the Natural Forces Combined into a Single Equivalency? - The forces of nature, we take for granted in our natural world. They may have come from a single universal force. And, they may not be forces at all but a warped geometry in space and time. What we perceive as forces may be movements in space and movements in time. Not only could all the forces be combined into this fabric of distorted space, but, everything in our natural world could be interconnected in this geometric fabric of space - time.
-1258 - How Much Space is in our Solar System? - The Universe is a very big place with lots of space. We really do not know what space is, or, what’s it made of. To visualize how much space is in the Solar System let’s scale the Sun down to the size of a grapefruit, 4 inches in diameter. With everything at this scale how much space is in our Solar System?
-1259 - Distant Quasars and the Early Universe? - Quasars are distant galaxies that are extremely active because they have massive Blackholes at their centers. The spinning Blackholes have rotating accretion disks of high energy material that emits enormous amounts of radiation energy. These active galaxies are so bright they can be seen over astronomical distances. Astronomers are using them to see the early evolution of the Universe.
-1260 - Measuring the Space-Time Warp of Earth’s Gravity? - Einstein’s Theory of Relativity predicted that gravity would warp the geometry of space-time just like acceleration would. If a satellite orbits the Earth it would follow the least energy path through this modified space-time. This would in turn cause the plane of the satellite’s orbit to wobble, or precess. The effect of precession is very small, one part in a few trillion. This review tries to learn how the calculations were made and what the measurement results have been to prove Einstein is right.
-1261 - What is Making the Crab Nebula So Active? - The Crab Nebula is supernova remnant located in the Constellation “ Taurus the Bull”. It was first discovered July 4, 1054. It has been an expanding ball of gas and debris for the last 957 years. Today the bubble is 4.4 lightyears across. New satellite telescopes have been observing the Crab in the X-ray and Gamma Ray wavelengths. Astronomers were surprised that the Crab is still very active. So active they do not have the physics to explain it. There is always more to learn.
-1262 - Are Solar Flares Dangerous?- Would you like to see a video of a Solar Flare? Go to:------ www.onorbit.com/node/3475. Solar flares appear to be happening more often ,but really, we simply are seeing more with better equipment and we are more concerned because our newer technology is more susceptible to damage from Solar Flares. This review covers these dangers and what causes them.
-1263 - Can We Replace the Space Shuttle with a Kite on a String? - The Space Shuttle will be making its last flight into outer space. Would it be possible to attach a tether to a satellite and then simply run payloads up the line into orbit? This review explores how this idea could happen. It would be 100 times cheaper than using rockets to get spacecraft into orbit.
-1264 - Secrets on How to Invest Your Money?
-1266 - Rare Earths and What You Should Know About Them?- Rare Earths are all around us, in our technology and even in our dirt. They are becoming a precious metal that you should know about. They could have more impact on the world’s politics than oil. Read this review to learn why.
-1267 - Gamma Ray Bursts in Caught in Action? - In recent months astronomers have used the newest space telescopes to catch Gamma Ray Bursts in action. They are beginning to confirm some theories as to what causes this enormous release of energy. This review does the math for two such events. The first burst occurred March 28, 2011.
-1268 - How to Explain Our Universe? - The purpose of this review is to explain the Universe. It is a big task, I agree. It spans over 13,700,000,000 years of time and lightyears of distance. It is the beginning of space and time and those need to be explained as well. This is difficult. The Universe is big and complicated and we do not know what we do not know. This is one shot at it, contrary opinions are welcome.
-1269 - Sharing Earth with Other Human Species. - Most of us think that there is only one human species on the planet Earth. However, at one time in our evolution we shared the planet with other human species. These different species were in competition with each other, and, like love and war, they were interbreeding. The genes of these multiple species are still in us today.
-1270 - The Space Shuttle’s Last Flight. - The Space Shuttle is taking its last flight today, July 8, 2011. Why don’t we take it to the Moon?
-1271 - There is a Thunderstorm on Saturn - There is a thunderstorm on Saturn that is so big you can see it with your backyard telescope. The size of the storm is the size of the Earth. It is called The Great White Spot, very similar to The Great Red Spot on Jupiter. Our technology is helping astronomers to become space weathermen for the planets and moons outside our own.-----1272 - Teaching the Science of Anti-matter. - In the United States we have grown a generation of teachers and professors that teach kids beliefs not facts. Science is a method to answer questions about nature. A Gallup Poll found the 21% of the people did not know that the Earth revolved around the Sun. 32% of the adults think astrology is a scientific method. This review discusses the science of anti-matter.
-1273 - Are Astronomical Mergers in our Future? - Mergers are going on all the time in our Universe. Some are large, some are relatively small. Our galaxy is relatively quiet right now. We should use this time to study what might happen when these mergers do occur?
-1274 - In 1000 Planets is there One Like Ours? - New Space Telescopes have located over a 1,000 planets orbiting stars in other solar systems. Are any of these solar systems like ours? Are there terrestrial planets like Earth in these far off solar systems? This review brings you up to speed with these questions.
-1275 - The Universe is Born in Billion Year Steps? - This review summarizes what science thinks is the way the Universe evolved after its birth 13,750,000,000 years ago. The most astounding part is that what we know is only a very small percentage of what is out there. The mass-energy of the Universe is huge. We are made of heavy elements that are like 0.03% of it. And, we have been recycled several times. If you do not know the answer it must be science.
-1277 - Mishaps in Space Exploration - Two of the worst mishaps in space have taken the lives of 14 astronauts. Many other mishaps involving robots have been lost but some have been salvaged by brilliant and creative astronauts and ground control engineers that have solved problems and rescued the missions from certain disaster.
-1279 - What Happened to Poor Pluto? - Our Solar System had nine planets, now it has eight. Poor Pluto got dumped from the list of planets and sent back out into the Kuiper Belt. Why did this happen?
-1280 - Is Quantum Mechanics Controlling Our Reality? - This review discuss the strange world of Quantum Mechanics and suggests that it is really controlling our reality below the surface. Quantum behavior may be what allows birds to fly thousands of miles with precise navigation. It may be what allows plants to synthesize sunlight. It may be what links your brain to eyesight.
-1281 - Math was Invented to Solve Problems? - This review discusses the languages of math and how they were invented to solve problems.
-1284 - Why Does String Theory Need 8-Dimensional Numbers? - This review discusses how math was invented to solve problems encountered in nature. 3 dimensions in space and 1 dimension in time is familiar. But, in fundamental particle physics math is used with 8 dimensional numbers. Maybe 10 dimensions explains reality? That is what String Theory is exploring.
-1285 - How the Universe was Born? - This review discusses the beginning of the Universe and how it evolves. New technology is teaches us more details. It is a simple process that grows in complexity. The evolution of life starts with this complexity and takes us to where we are today.
-1286 - What Makes Electromagnetic Waves into Light? - When studying electricity and magnetism science measured the forces and the relationships between charges and distances of separation. These forces behaved very similar to gravity but much stronger. When electric permittivity and magnetic permeability were defined it was discovered that the ratio of their product was the speed of light. That is how science discovered that light was an electromagnetic wave.
-1287 - Enhancing Child Learning Abilities. - Using brain recording techniques is a science called “neuroeducation” that evaluates how children learn. It ties leaning stimulus to brain waves to see if actual responses occurs.
-1288 - We are Immersed in Electromagnetic Radiation? - Electromagnetic Radiation is going through your body all the time. The spectrum of electromagnetic radiation ranges from Radio Waves, Microwaves, Infrared, Light, Ultraviolet , X- Ray, and Gamma Rays. The waves either pass through you or reflect off of you. The part of the spectrum that reflects is your color. Sunlight is white light and contains all the colors from 400 nanometers to 700 nanometers wavelengths. Most of the radiation around us is this reflected sunlight. The part that is reflected is color and that all depends on the wavelength.
-1289 What You Should Know About Your Belly Button? - Opinions are like belly buttons. Everybody has one. You would not expect much science to lie inside a belly button. WRONG! Science has studied belly buttons and has found that over 1,400 different bacteria live in belly buttons, regardless of innies or outies.
-1290 - Why is Dark Energy Expanding the Universe? - Most astronomical data we have today confirms the fact (theory in fact) that the Universe is still expanding at an ever increasing rate. The cause is suspected to be some type of anti-gravity that is named “ Dark Energy”. We know what gravity is and we expected gravity to eventually stop the expansion and reverse the Universe into a “ Big Crunch”. However, we now think that Dark Energy is the predominate force in the Universe and that it will expand the Universe forever into a “Cold , Rarified Space of almost Nothing”
-1291 - Two Moons over Miami. - Most astronomers believe that our Moon was created in a collision between Earth and a Mars-size planet. this Big Splash happened 4,500,000,000 years ago. The best evidence is that the Moon seems to be made our o Earth’s crust. The idea is that the collision simply splashed the crust into orbit and gravity eventually made it into a sphere.
-1292 - Using Calculus to Measure the Mass of a Comet, - NASA spacecraft caught up with Comet Hartley-2 on November 4, 2010 and took a picture of the icy dirtball that was 1.4 miles in length. Scaling the picture and using Calculus to determine the volume, the mass of the comet was put at 290,000,000 metric tons. This review shows the math involved.
-1293 - Raising Chickens for Dummies. - We have 4 pullets living with us now. Thelma and Louise, Ruby and Carmella. They are all natural U.S. citizens and legal residents of California. Unlike half the population. “Pullets” are female chickens that are under one year old. After one year, and after laying eggs, they are called “hens“. There are over 24,000,000,000 alive in the world today. (But, 50,000,000,000 per year are slaughtered for food, even egg layers are only allowed to live for a year.) If raised as pets they live up to 10 years with the longest hen on record living 16 years.
-1294 - How the Universe was Formed. - In the beginning there was only energy. But, if you take 90,000,000,000 joules of energy ( A joule is a kilogram * meters^2 / seconds^2) you can create 1 kilogram of matter. One joule of energy. E = m*c^2 , where the speed of light squared is (3*10^8 meters / second)^2. The Universe started with a concentrated spot of only energy. There was no space for the spot and time and not started yet. But, out of this “ spot” of energy came a creation and an expansion of space and time.
-1295 - How the Earth was Formed? - Nostalgia ain’t what it used to be and the night sky is not what you see. What you see is a lot younger that what is. The light you see left years ago, thousands, millions, even billions of years ago depending on what you are looking at. What it is today is totally different but you are prevented from seeing it because the light has not reached us yet.
-1296 - When an Asteroid hit Manson, Iowa. - You probably have not heard of Manson Crater. It is where a giant asteroid hit the Earth at what is now Manson, Iowa. It was first discovered in 1912 when people realized that it was the location where water wells produced soft water. Everywhere else in Iowa the limestone earth produced water wells with definitely hard water. Manson was over a crater but it was not until 1953 that the University of Iowa set about to study the mystery with over 900 experimental wells dug in the area.
-1297 - Elements in the Universe? - There are 92 natural elements. These are those elements listed in the Periodic Table for Chemistry. We know the heavier elements above hydrogen ( 1 proton) and helium ( 2 protons) are produced in the explosions of stars, called supernovae.
-1298 - Dominate Life, Is it Them or Us? - Of all the life on Earth only plants, animals and fungi can be seen with the human eye. There are some 20 other varieties of life that we can not see. In fact, most of life around us is small, unicellular, and unfamiliar. Called microbial life it accounts of some 80% of all the life on Earth.
-1299 - You Are As Young As You Feel? - None of us have bodies that are over 9 years old. And, the entire surface area of our bodies are already dead. Here are some interesting things to know about the cells in your body.
-1300 - Why Every Genome is Different? - Every human genome is different otherwise we would all be identical, human clones exactly alike. What’s a genome? And, what is different that makes individuals out of 3,000,000,000 humans?
-1301 - Can Bird Poop Break a Car Windshield? - A lady had a cracked windshield and claimed a bird had done it. The car was parked. The bird poop over the cracked windshield was 4 inches in diameter. To break a car windshield you need in excess of 50 million Pascal of pressure. One Pascal of pressure is one Newton of force per square meter of area. Wait a minute I will do the math:
-1302 - Why the U.S. Finances Went Bust?
-1303 - Why Look for Antimatter in the Antarctic?
-1304 - How Did the Earth Get Its Water? - The Earth is a planet that was born in an inferno. No liquid water could have survived the intense heat. So, how did the planet get its precious water?
-1305 - What Do the Cosmic Harmonics Tell Us?
-1306 - Electron Volts in the Large Hadron Collider. - When the Universe first formed it was composed of a hot, dense, plasma of charged particles. It was so hot that these ionized particles popped in and out of existence, constantly. To recreate this condition today particle physics is trying to accelerate and smash charged particles together in Mammoth Colliders.
-1307 - How Will the Universe End? - The Big Bang is an expression for something that sprang from a hot, dense infinitesimally small point, a space-time singularity. It is the point where space and time first began. One second later, after space-time was expanding ….
-1308 - Picture a Star Exploding. This is it?
-1309 - Vesta and Ceres Asteroids Get a Visitor? - On September 27, 2007 we sent a spacecraft on a journey of 1,700,000,000 miles to visit an asteroid named “ Vesta”. The “Dawn” spacecraft became a satellite in orbit around Vesta on July 16, 2011. Its mission is to study two asteroids over the next four years.
-1310 - Using Parallax to Measure Distance to the Stars - By using precision parallax methods the Hipparcos Satellite has measured the distances to 22,396 stars to an accuracy of better than 10%. Before the launch of this spacecraft only the distances to 1,000 stars were known using parallax methods. ( See note 1 to learn how parallax measurements work.)
-1311 - Is the Universe Spinning, or, Is It Just Me? - Gravity and Relativity control the path of mass that is in motion. Even the smallest atoms that are also waves will follow a defined trajectory in flight. A device that measures the flight of atoms can become a gyroscope, or an accelerometer, or a gravity sensor. The device is called an atom interferometer and here is how it works:
-1312 - Cosmic Inflation, a Fine Tuning Problem?- The basic idea for the birth of our Universe is that it started from “ nothing”. Equal amounts of matter and anti-matter, particles and anti-particles, positive and negative charges, north and south magnetic poles, gravity and anti-gravity (Dark Energy), all separated out of “nothing”. All of this matter / energy would cancel out if brought back together again at a single point. The sum total is nothing again. The single point is called a “ singularity”.
-1313 - Tesla Electric Car Built in Finland?- President Obama’s Energy Department has been passing out other people’s money in the hope of getting a breakthrough winner that will solve the country’s energy problems. Unfortunately, government bureaucrats do not have much business sense. People never do when it is not their money.
-1314 - Could the Astronomer’s Math be Wrong? The expanding Universe.
-1315 - How Do Asteroids and Planets Evolve?
-1316 - Comets, The Five We Have Visited?- If you want to know what a comet is made of you have to go visit one, better yet visit 5. We have sent 4 separate spacecraft to visit comets.
-1317 - The Cat’s Eye Nebula. - The Cat’s Eye Nebula is a planetary nebula. Back in 1785 when it was first discovered and recorded it looked like a planet and thus it got the name. But, nebula have nothing to do with planets. The name stuck.
-1318 - Kepler’s Supernova. Johannes Kepler saw his supernova over 400 years ago. It occurred in the Constellation Ophiucus, the Serpent Bearer, just 20,000 lightyears away. Kepler had only his unaided eye to watch the new star that was brighter in the night sky than the planet Jupiter. It lasted for 18 months and is the last observed supernova in the Milky Way Galaxy.
-1319 - The Supernova of 185 A.D. This is one of about 8 supernovae explosions witnessed by the naked eye in recorded history. The Chinese recorded this one in the year 185 A.D. They called it the “Guest Star” and it remained in the night sky for 8 months.
-1320 - Supernova Sn1006. - When Supernova Sn1006 first explode in the year 1006 it was brighter than the planet Venus in the night sky. It was even visible during the day for several weeks after the explosion even though it was 7,000 lightyears away.
-1321 - Milky Way’s Gamma Ray Bubbles. If your eyes could see in X-rays and Gamma Rays, not just the light waves, and, if you could step outside out Milky Way Galaxy and look at the galaxy disk that is 120,000 lightyears across, you would see the galaxy disk filled with stars, billions of stars and above and below the disk are giant bubbles that are an even greater mystery.
-1322 - Near-Miss Asteroid, November 8, 2011, Election Day, November 8, 2011, an asteroid 400 meters in diameter will fly by Earth between us and the Moon traveling at nearly 42,000 miles per hour.
-1323 - Other Gamma Ray Sources and Mysteries?
-1324 - How Politicians Use Math. - The financial math models currently used on Wall Street grossly oversimplify things. So much so they loose touch with reality.
-1325 - The Tarantula Nebula . - In another galaxy, a neighboring galaxy, the Large Megellanic Cloud, lies the largest nebula within our part of the Cosmos. It is 160,000 lightyears away and it is 700 lightyears across.
-1326 - The Boomerang Nebula - Just when you get used to seeing what a supernova nebula looks like the Cosmos throws a boomerang at you. This one is really different. The Boomerang Nebula is located in the Constellation Centaurus the Centaur.
-1327 - The Fastest Spinning Star. - Neutron Stars can spin! Our own star, the Sun, spins. Rather slowly, one rotation takes 25 days. This is the story about PSR J17482446.
-1328 - Colliding Galaxies - The Milky Way Galaxy and the Andromeda Galaxy (M31) will begin colliding in another 5 billion years. The closing velocity between us is 70 miles per second. Yet, we are still 2.5 million lightyears apart. We can witness today what happens when galaxies collide. The Antenna Galaxy, Arp 273 Galaxy, and M82 Centaurius A Galaxy are three examples.
-1329 - Most Important Math You Will Ever Learn?
-1330 - What is the Biggest Blackhole? - Our Milky Way Galaxy is one of 5,000 galaxies located in the Virgo Cluster of galaxies. The Virgo Cluster is 53,500,000 lightyears away and at the center of this cluster of galaxies is a massive galaxy called M87.
-1331 - How Neutron Stars become Pulsars? - Neutron Stars are leftovers after supernova explosions. These smaller stars are the remnant cores of bigger stars.
-1332 - Saturn’s Hexagon at the North Pole - Astronomy can sometimes just baffle you beyond belief. How about flying over the North Pole of Saturn and looking down into the clouds and seeing a perfect hexagon.
-1333 - The Red Rectangle Nebula Explained? - In the Constellation Monoceros the Unicorn is a binary star. Surrounding the binary star is a ruddy rectangular nebula (HD44179).
-1334 - Unusual Light from the Crab Nebula
-1335 - Light Spectrum - Light is electromagnetic radiation that is emitted and absorbed by matter. Specifically by electrons up through ultraviolet light and by the nuclei of atoms in X-rays and Gamma Rays.
-1336 - The Mystery of the Fine Structure Constant
-1337 - Our Milky Way Galaxy - Our Milky Way Galaxy is a spiral structure of 200 billion stars that stretches 100,000 lightyears long in a disk that is only 900 lightyears thick.
-1338 - Did Comets Bring the Water to Earth?
-1339 - Microscope’s View into the Tiny World. - Microscopes are amazing with the new technologies we have today. We can learn to visualize a smaller and smaller world. This world of the tiny becomes a beautiful and intriguing place to visit.
-1340 - Bone Repair in the Future. - This image was taken with a Scanning Electron Microscope. The creature in the center of the picture is an Osteoblast. An osteopath is a bone forming cell that lives in your body. In this picture it is latching on to a synthetic scaffold that will be wrapped around a broken bone.
-1341 - Optical Lattice Clocks Tell Time, Exactly. - We all need to be punctual in this fast and furious world we live in. But, do we need a clock that would be within one second accuracy over the age of the Universe. There is such a clock under development. This clock would not loose more than one second in 32 billion years. How?
-1342 - Investigating Dark Matter? - Pity the poor astronomer whose career changed from seeing the beautiful wonders of the Cosmos, stars, galaxies, nebular, supernovae, to the biggest wonder, the “Darkness” that is 96% that he cannot see. The challenges in astronomy today are to figure out what the 24% Dark Matter and the 76% Dark Energy that occupy the darkness really are? How do we begin to understand the 96% of the Cosmos that we cannot see?
-1343 - Investigating the Planet Mercury? - The MESSENGER spacecraft traveled 4.9 billion miles to finally get to an orbit around the planet Mercury. Since orbit was achieved March 17, 2011 the spacecraft has returned over 40,000 images and millions of measurements.
-1344 - Math for a Rocket Launch? - You give your students this photo of a rocket launch at Kennedy Space Center. The night time exposure was 2.5 minutes. How far from launch did the rocket reach its orbit at 300 miles altitude?
-1345 - Absolute Zero Temperature Strangeness? What is it like when it gets so cold the atoms stop vibrating? It is called Absolute Zero Kelvin. Strange things happen trying to get to these temperatures. It is as cold as it gets.
-1346 - How Hot Was It at the Big Bang? - The temperature of the Universe is inversely proportional to its size. As the Universe expands the temperature decrease. Today it has expanded and cooled to a temperature of 2.725 degrees Kelvin. That is 2.725 degrees above Absolute Zero. What would happen if we reversed the expansion and sent time collapsing back to the Big Bang.
-1347 - What is the Next Supernova to Go Boom? The biggest supernova recorded was in 2006. It was 250,000,000 lightyears away. The picture is a star ready to blow. It is 8,000 lightyears away.
-1348 - A Galactic Journey around the Milky Way? - Everything in our Universe is in motion. It represents kinetic energy that is everywhere, all the time. There must be a lot of energy in the cosmos in motion alone.
-1349 - Five Colliding Galaxies in Pegasus: Stephan’s Quintet Galaxies. - There are a group of 5 galaxies all colliding in the Constellation Pegasus the Horse
-1350 - Blackholes Can Get Big and Bright? - We are learning more about Blackholes that occupy the Universe with us. However, they still remain beyond our comprehension. Blackholes come in all sizes. Their creation is really dependent on the ratio of mass to radius.
-1351 - Animals that are 570 Million Years Old?- Science believes it has discovered fossils in South China and in Australia that represent the oldest animal life on Earth. These fossils date back 570,000,000 years ago.
-1352 - Playing Baseball on Planet Kepler 22b? - The newest space telescopes have discovered over 2,000 planets orbiting other stars. Of those discoveries being studied 48 may be planets with liquid water and with environments suitable to life as we know it here on Earth
-1353 - How Fast Do You Have to Go to Escape the Galaxy?
-1354 - New Rotary Engine for Hybrid Cars? Wave-Disk Generator. - There is one coming in 2013. Prototype engines are already working. It is a gas driven engine but a rotary engine that powers an electric generator.
-1355 - Laser Light is Cool. Sunlight can warm things up, but, did you know that sunlight can cool things down. The temperatures are getting close to Absolute Zero. Using this type of cooling may even allow us to discover gravity waves.-
- 1356 - Our Galaxy Blackhole is about to Have Fireworks? - The Blackhole in the center of our Galaxy may be flaring up soon. Astronomers have found a giant gas cloud that is heading right towards it and it is picking up speed.
-1357 - Betelgeuse, Algol, and Epselon Aurigae - Betelgeuse, Algol, and Epselon Aurigae are Variable Stars. Each presented a mystery as to why its brightness should vary. This review presents a story for each one.
-1358 - Globular Clusters of stars make a spherical halo surrounding our galaxy disk. Omega Centauri is the most interesting cluster.
-1359 - Iapetus is Saturn’s 3rd largest moon, behind Titan and Rhea. Saturn has 50 moons, but, this one is the most unusual. Iapetus is shaped like a walnut with a large ridge around 1/4th of its equator. The ridge is 12 miles high.
-1360 - Sirius is the brightest star in the sky. It is a binary star with the companion being a White Dwarf.
-1361 - Europe - Jupiter’s Moon. Europa is one of 4 moons you can see with binoculars as they orbit Jupiter. Next to the Earth Europa is the most likely habitat for life in the oceans below its icy crust
- 1362 - Saturn’s moon Enceladus was first discovered in 1789. It is only 311 miles in diameter, 1/7th the diameter of the Moon.
-1363 - Saturn’s moon Titan is the only moon with a significant atmosphere. The atmosphere is mostly nitrogen, similar to Earth’s, but it is 150% thicker.
-1364 - Pluto and Charon. - Pluto was announced as the 9th planet to the world on March 17,1930. Pluto was named after the Roman god of the underworld as it was condemned to orbit so far from the Sun. It takes Pluto 248 years to orbit the Sun. It varies in its elliptical orbit from 30 AU to 50 AU ( AU = the Earth - Sun distance of 93 million miles ). Pluto’s orbit is also inclined by 17 degrees with the plane of the rest of the planets.
-1365 - The Black Eyed Galaxy , M64, can certainly make you look bad.
-1366 - Jupiter’s moon , Io, is a volcanically violent place. Jupiter’s 4 largest moons are Io, Europa, Ganymede, and Callisto. All 4 of these moons 2 to 3 times larger than our Moon and would be a planet if they were orbiting the Sun.
-1367 - Uranus’s biggest moons are medium- size, smaller than our Moon. There are 27 moons total. Here are the big 5:
-1368 - Venus - Our Sister Planet. - Venus is our nearest planet. Next to the Moon it is the brightest object in the night sky. Its reflective clouds make it the brightest in reflecting sunlight. And, those clouds make it the hottest planet.
-1369 - Mercury - Planet Closest to the Sun
-1370 - Triton - Neptune’s moon. - Neptune is the farthest planet from the Sun in our Solar System. It is cold out there. Neptune’s diameter is 3.8 times larger than Earth’s. Its mass is 17 times larger.
-1371 - Use Cell Phone for Health Monitor
-1372 - Pay Bills with a Hand Swipe
-1373 - How Computers Will Get Faster?
-1374 - Microbes - Dominant Life on Earth
-1375 - There is an Asteroid Following Us?
-1376 - Planets have been found around stars that have exploded. However, 400 years ago another supernova explosion evaporated everything inside the bubble. Can these differences still allow “ standard candles” to calculate distances.
-1377 - Cosmic Rays and Gamma Rays
-1378 - Rare Earths is Not About Astronomy?
- 1379 - The Sloan Sky Survey picture shows us 1,500,000 Galaxies that stretch back 6 billion lightyears to the Big Bang. It is hard to comprehend.
-1380 - When atoms are super cooled they behave in Quantum Mechanic ways. New techniques can cool atoms to near Absolute Zero.
- 1381 - It was the brightest X-ray source in the sky. We thought it was a Quasar,
-1382 - How a ring galaxy gets made? 2 learn: Hoag’s Bull’s Eye Galaxy is a good example.
-1383 - Neutron Stars can generate intense magnetic fields creating star quakes that release lethal Gamma Ray Bursts
-1384 - A spiral in the sky caused by binary stars, not a spiral galaxy. It took infrared to discover it
-1385 - On Tuesday Jan 24 the Earth was hit by a solar storm. What is in the storm and how does it affect us?
-1386 - I Had No Idea Light Traveled That Fast!
-1387 - President State of the Union speech
-1388 - The Universe is in constant motion. How fast is every thing moving in miles per hour.
-1389 - How powerful is light and how does it come out of electricity and magnetism?:
-1390 - How powerful is light and how does it come out of electricity and magnetism?:
- 1391 - What is standby electric power and what is it costing you ?
-1392 - What is standby electric power and what is it costing you ?
-1393 - Anti-matter is a mystery that starts with some very big assumptions
-1394 - Results of the solar flare that occurred January 22
1396 - High School students discover a pulsar that will be used to try to detect gravity waves ? Awesome!
-1397 - Neutron Stars are amazing objects for astronomers to study. The Crab Nebula is powered by one.
-1398 - The Universe is much different that what we see. It is like a rainbow that we create in our minds.
1399 - Proving Einstein’s General Theory of Relativity involved orbiting spinning gyros around Earth and measuring the effect frame-dragging for 5 years.
-1400 - My view on the Dept of Education, what is yours?
-1401 - 2 Satellites are making a gravity map of the Earth and finding that our groundwater is disappearing.
-1402 - High pressures change the state of matter. It can create fusion for power generation.
-1403 -How you can train your brain to be a good athlete.
-1404 - Gravitational Lensing creates 2 images of the same Quasar.
-1405 - How does the brain become a mind and create consciousness?
-1406 - Survey
-1407 - Space is full of amazing stuff. For sure it is anything but empty.
-1408 - Why is California in Debt? What are the facts?
-1409 - How equations resulted from observations and inventing math.
-1410 - Math exercise to calculate the fuel spent of a Space Shuttle launch.
-1411 - Supernovae explosions are getting improved scrutiny with our newest technologies.
-1412 -Measurement standards keep improving but we are never satisfied.
-1413 -Does energy still exist in a perfect vacuum? Can that explain the expanding Universe?
-1414 Global warming is real but so is political misrepresentation of science.
-1415 The Earth is doomed. It is just a matter of time. What will happen?
-1416 Cancer radiation therapy is becoming more precise and reliable. Software simulations are key.
-1417 What’s next after fossil fuels? 6 alternatives in storing energy.
-1418 - Why is water so important in our lives. You will be surprised.
-1419 - Gravitational lens are an amazing phenomenon in space
-1420 - Supercomputers in the hands of students and engineers will bring America a new industrial revolution.
-1421 - View animation on internet that shows the scale of the Universe?
-1422 - Should the government control the internet?
-1423 Discover of the Higgs Boson as the Field that creates mass in particles.
-1424 - History of the cell phone and what will come next?
-1425 - The Constellations bring you an astronomy every night.
-1426 - Is the era of star formation over? Are galaxies no longer being created?
-1427 - Two galaxy clusters are being studied to learn the nature of Dark Matter.
-1428 - The history of microscopes leading up to the Scanning Tunneling Microscope built by Students at University Irvine. 3-D pictures of atoms.
-1429 - A 60 meter diameter asteroid is heading our way due to arrive February 2013.
-1430 - A 2.5 meter telescope is flying in a Boeing 747 at 45,000 feet above us. New astronomy is the result.
-1431 - Pulsars are Nature’s precision clocks that may help us discover gravity waves.
- 1432 - Solve the puzzle of 15 cards in Nathan’s hand.
-1433 - Stretch a string around the Earth. Add 3 inches. How high can you raise the string?
-1434 Thales the Greek measured the height of the pyramid, can you get his answer.
-1436 - Geology is teaching us history of the extreme temperature changes the Earth has experienced.
-1437 - All the elements in your body were created by different stars .
-1438 - The keys to getting things done, pearls of wisdom
-1439 - How bin Laden was captured and killed, April, 2011.
-1440 - Why you should vote. What should the top priorities be for government actions
-1440 - A 14 year old built a fusion reactor in his garage.
-1441 - Evidence as to why we believe in Blackholes.
-1443 - Squares inside or circle geometry Puzzle.
-1444 - Wind Farms and Nuclear as Alternative Energy?
-1445 - How you can retire? How your children can retire?
-1446 - Farming is the next big business to get into.
-1447 - Puzzle Roman Circle of Death.
-1448 - Global Warming in 2006 and today? What are the worst polluters back then?
-1449 - Eratosthenes measures the Earth in the 3rd century B.C. 2 learn how to solve the problem
-1450 - The Full Moon on May 7 has a lot to offer.
- 1451 - This is a very old puzzle about an empty glass jar, a perfect cylinder 24 inches in circumference and 10 inches tall. The problem starts with a fly landing on the inside of the glass cylinder 6 inches from the top. Diametrically opposite and on the outside of the jar is a drop of honey.
-1452 - Puzzle - Do you remember the old phonographs for playing music. The LP records. How far does the needle move when the record is played?
-1453 - Puzzle - Which is greater heartbeats or minutes to 2012?
-1454 - PUZZLE: How to maximize the area of your property .
-1455 - Our Sun was born with other stars. Astronomers are trying to find them.
-1456 - Tidal forces on our Moon and Jupiter’s moons are compared?
-1457 - Quantum Dots are a 10 nanometer window that is opening up a wide vision of new applications and technologies.
-1458 - Astronomy has lead to inventions in navigation, eye surgery, wireless communication, and cancer therapy?
-1459 - Use Modular Math to find the day of the week at any time on the calendar.
-1460 - Poker puzzle.- 1770 ,3 guys on work break decided to play 3 hands of Poker.
-1461 - Semi-circle puzzle.
-1462 - Puzzles for week 17. The car repair problem.
-1463 - A lifetime of science starting with 1930 through 2011.
-1464 - A lifetime of science starting with 1930 through 2011.
-1465 - A lifetime of science starting with 1930 through 2011
-1466 - What happened in science in 2011
-1467 - Learn the math for the growth and decay of money.
-1468 - The decline in moral management.
-1469 - How we think the Universe began? Here is a complete summary you should know about the world you live in.
-1470 - We have atoms in matter, why not in space-time?
-1471 - How we think the Universe began? What are the forces that made it happen? How could such a delicate balance have occurred?
-1472 - #600 - An Ode to My Dog October 17,2002 - May 17,2012
-1473 - How can mathematics tell us how an atom works? It is 100 years of discovery.
-1474 - Interesting numbers that define our Universe? About vacuums and space.
-1475 - When will electric cars take over the roads? When will oil production reach a peak as demand declines?
-1476 - Fossils tell us many human lineages evolved. Us homo sapiens are the only survivors.
-1477 - Creating hydrogen fuel with the artificial leaf? When will hydrogen cars be on the road?
-1478 - Messenger Spacecraft is orbiting Mercury so we can calculate the planet’s mass.
-1479 - Spacecraft allowing new calculations to learn more about the planet Mercury.
-1480 - June 5, Venus will pass in front of the Sun. Use it to calculate the distance to Venus.
-1481 - Puzzle - Calculate the ages.
-1482 - Enormous Gamma Ray bubbles and jets are shooting out from our galaxy’s Blackhole. What is going on?
-1483 - The Space X capsule delivered supplies to the ISS space station. How big was it?
-1485 - Dark Matter is still eluding us. Here is how astronomers and physicists are trying to detect it.
-1486 - There are likely free-floating planets in outer space. Astronomers have detected them.
-1487 - Birthday puzzle
-1488 - June 12, 2012, end of the world, according to the Mayan calendar.
-1489 - Puzzle: I lost a dollar, can you find it?
-1490 - Puzzle: We know Debbie is 44. Debbie is twice as old as Jenn was when Deb was as old as Jenn is now. How old is Jennifer now?
-1491 - Astronomers study the darkness too. About Bok Globules.
-1492 - New things we have learned about our galaxy.
-1493 - Puzzles that astronomers find challenging.
-1495 - The Higgs Boson discovered in the particle accelerators
-1496 - Science has been studying Cosmic Rays for 100 years.
-1497 - Lightning is surprising astronomers because it is emitting Gamma Ray bursts that are hard to explain.
-1498- What is the Higgs Boson? A new fundamental particle was discovered this summer.
-1499- Using Supernovae to measure Dark Energy. How fast is the Universe expanding?
-1500- The Infinite Universe. How big can it get? How dense is it now?
-1501- Astronomers look backwards in time. The light they see left its galaxy billions of years ago. It took a long journey to reach us.
-1503- How did we learn the speed of light. You can make your own measurement
-1504- MRI’s use nuclear magnetic resonance, there are many applications besides imaging.
-1505 - The evolution of dogs over 120 million years.
-1506- Geology is the physical history of the Earth. There is a lot of knowledge in rocks if you know how to read them.
-1507- Geological history of our Solar System. The results of astronomy’s 6,500 lightyear survey of the neighborhood.
-1508- Are there Blackholes in our Own Galaxy? How do we find them?
-1509- Learning from the Orion Nebula, the sword in the Star Constellation Orion the Hunter.
-1510- The historical evolution of the Earth.
-1513 -“ The voyage of discovery is not seeking new landscapes but in having new eyes”. Discoveries in Far Infrared Astronomy.
-1514- Bubble Nebula nursery for calculus to form rocky planets
-1515 - How old is that star? How do we know?
-1516 - Counting stars in the Infrared
-1517 - What is the Universe Made Of?
-1518 - Aliens and Predators
-1519 - How many stars are in the sky?
-1520 - Teaching the Government Powers of Ten
-1521 - Math’s Most Powerful Equation
-1522 - To learn how big a star is take its temperature?
-1523 - Turn the sky into a 3D map back to the beginning?
-1524 - Discovering New Solar Systems. - Astronomers have discovered 1000’s of new planets and therefore new solar systems.
-1525 - Mapping Moon’s Gravity- Two satellites orbiting the Moon measured the gravitational force of the surface below as they passed 34 miles overhead.
-1527 - Supreme Court judges Affirmative Action. - The Supreme Court is ruling on the issue of schools using affirmative action programs to promote student diversity in schools. Are these programs constitutional?
-1528 - Measuring Binary Stars- Almost all of the stars in the night sky appear as a single point of light. However, many of them are binary stars, two stars orbiting around a common center of gravity.
-1529 - Is there Intelligent Life Out There?- SETI is the Search for Extraterrestrial Intelligence. It has been operating for 50 years.
-1530 - How Our Divided Government Works?- The United States is a divided country today. We have a divided government and that is exactly what our Founding Fathers and their Constitution intended.
-1531 - December 21, 2012 is DOOMSDAY:- The ancient Maya calendar predicts the end of the world on December 21, 2012.
-1532 - Plasmons ? How they will change your life. - Plasmons are to plasma as photons are to light. They are quantized oscillations.
-1533 Sustainable National Debt?- 4 years ago our national debt was $10.6 trillion. That is $10,600 billion. Today it is $16,400 billion
-1534 - Getting Used to Bending Light. - Our 3 pound brains count on light traveling instantaneously and in a straight line. When this does not happen our brains are in a house of mirrors and we have to over-think it to understand what’s going on.
-1535 - Gravity Lenses finds Dark Matter and Planets. - In August 2006 astronomers discovered direct evidence for the presence of Dark Matter in the collision of 2 galaxies, called the Bullet Cluster located in the Constellation Carina the Keel. The collision first began 150,000,000 years ago.
-1536 - Gravity Probe B. - Gravity Probe B was an experiment launched in to orbit in 2004. The satellite carried a series of four precision gyroscopes designed to prove Einstein’s theory that space and time were warped around immense gravity. In this case the gravity was the Earth.
- 1537 - Learning new states of matter? We are learning some new states of matter. Not just solid, liquid, and gas, but, totally different matter.
-1538 - Superconductors have a future., after 100 years?- Electrons conduct electricity through copper wires imperfectly because the electron flow continually collides with the atomic lattice structure of the metal they must pass through.
-1539 - FISCAL CLIFF -- We are going over the fiscal cliff on News Years Eve. You better put on a parachute. The Bush tax cuts are going to expire and your taxes are going UP.
-1540 - Sutter Mill Meteorite, Coloma, California. - A 100,000 pound meteorite explodes in a fireball over northern California. April 22, 2012, at 8:00 AM a meteorite exploded in the atmosphere over El Dorado County, California.
1541 - Saving the American Dream. - The address below is the data on our current Fiscal Cliff. And, how we got here over the past 50 years, our generation’s heritage.
1542 - The Gravity Lamp. - We have a Gravity Clock in our house. It sound chimes every 15 minutes and bells every hour. We call it our Grandfather Clock. We wind the weights up once a week. So, why not a gravity lamp?
-1543 - The Crab Nebula. - On July 3, 1054 it was a star in the night sky.- On July 4, 1054 it was a supernova so bright it could be seen during the day and at night it was as bright as the planet Venus. The gas and material was exploding outward at 300,000 miles per hour.
-1544 - California’s Mega-floods. - Every 200 years California experiences a mega-flood from the rivers in the sky. Our last enormous flood occurred in 1861. The rain lasted for 43 days.
-1545 - What Next for Smart Phones?
-1546 - Paul Dirac’s Physics
-1546 - A planet orbits our closest star. - The closest star to us is the Sun. The closest star to the Sun is a 3 star system called Alpha Centauri. To the naked eye Alpha Centauri appears as a brilliant yellow-white star. It is 4.37 lightyears away.
-1548 - The Universe, Biggest to Smallest. - Since the Big Bang the Universe has gone from 10^-35 meters radius to 10^26 meters radius in 13.7 billion years. That is the scale of the “ visible Universe”.
-1549 - What caused the financial crisis we are in? - First off, are we in a financial crisis? Yes, even worse than imagined.- In 2012 we were carrying $16 trillion in Net Public Debt.-
-1550 - The redshift tells us how old it is? - The age of the Universe is 13,700,000,000 years.
- - The oldest galaxy we can see formed 13,000,000,000 years ago. - The Universe was only 5% of its current age when this galaxy formed. If a human was 80 years old it would be analogous to her viewing a picture of herself when she was only 4 years old.
-1551 - M87 the Galactic Blackhole. - How do Blackholes behave? Astronomers at Stanford University have discovered a new twist in Blackhole behavior. Using very complex computer simulations astronomers have re-created the Blackhole rotation with an Event Horizon and an accretion disk.
-1552 - From Aerocars to Dream Chasers in 50 Years. - When I was in High School I remember being excited about a car that could fly. It was in the Popular Science magazine as the “Aerocar“. I was certain my Dad would buy one.
--1553 - Electric Car goes 400 Miles Per Hour? - An electric car that goes 400 miles per hour. No gas propelled car has ever gone that fast. College students have built the car dubbed Venturi Buckeye Bullet 3 which is the third electric car they have built
-1554 - Asteroids and Meteorites are Fossils with Stories.- Yesterday, Thursday, January 17, 2013, at 5:21 AM you could have witnessed an early morning meteor that flew over northern California.
-1555 - Determining the Age of Stars. - How old are the stars? - Well, they are all different ages from just born to just dieing at 13 billion years old. Our Sun is 4.6 billion years old and will not die until it is 10 billion years old.
-1556 - Better Mileage But are Cars Safer? - This review tries to make the point that government regulations to improve car mileage is making cars less safe. The points are good but the trend is incorrect.
-1557 - Tektites in Healdsburg, California. - January 23, 2013, our local paper ran an article about the tektites found in Dry Creek Valley around Healdsburg, California,
-1558 - Who’s Your Daddy? Anthropology? - We do not know what happened in between ,but , 550,000,000 years later life was thriving. Of course it was primitive biology, but, biology none the less. 3,800,000,000 years ago chemistry had somehow evolved into biology.
-1559 - They live among us - Anthropology. - This review is about learning that the diversity of evolution is what survived. We do not come from a single lineage.
- 1560 - Halley’s Comet. Halley’s comet visits us and the inner planets once every 75 years. An event that happens once in a human lifetime. Hopefully we each get to see it once.
-1561 - Electrical Power in our Future? - The electric power utilities and infrastructure is a 50 year old business with 50 year old equipment. Referred to as the “Grid” it is due for a major overhaul.
- 1562 - Volcanoes in our Solar System. Volcanoes have been living with us for thousands of years. Recently we are discovering them in other places in the Solar System.
- 1563 - How Old is the Universe?
- 1564 - Big Fat Liar. - Not just Presidents. They are not alone. Newspapers, TV news, politicians, professors, union leaders, the list goes on as a corrupting culture in America. Every where there is a loss of morals. The end justifies the means. Say one thing and do another. The newsroom is the “ spin room”. Facts are “ distortions”. Journalism is an agenda.
-1565 - Math - How fast is that satellite? - Gravity Probe B is a satellite in orbit 400 miles up. ( See Review # to learn the Gravity Probe B mission). How fast must the satellite be going in order to stay in this orbit.
-1566 - Supernovae are what we are made of!- Supernovae, stars that explode when they can no longer continue fusion radiation, are rare events. They are likely to happen only once per year in our Milky Way Galaxy. But, in the Observable Universe the event happens every second.
-1567 - The Russian Meteor. - Valentine’s Day was a real surprise for many people in Russia. February 14, 2013, a 10,000 ton meteor blasted through the atmosphere. The fireball was traveling 40,000 miles per hour. The shockwave created when the meteor hit the atmosphere blew out
- 1568 - Cosmic Rays and Gamma Rays, an Update. - Gamma Rays are rays of high energy light, electromagnetic radiation. - Cosmic Rays are not rays at all, they are particles. High speed particles that carry Kinetic Energy = ½ * mass * velocity^2.
- 1569 - Voyager Spacecraft tour the Solar System. - Voyager spacecraft were launched in 1977
- 1570 - Cassini visit’s the planet Saturn . - Saturn is as famous as any movie star. There have been over 300,000 close up pictures taken in recent years. The photographer was the Cassini Spacecraft that was launched in 1997, orbited Saturn in 2004 and has sent us over 450 gigabytes of data.
-1571 - Star Clusters, the birth of Suns. - Every star begins its life in a group. All the stars in the group are about the same age created in the same giant interstellar cloud of gas and dust. We call them star clusters. Our Sun was once in a star cluster.
-1572 - Visit 2nd largest asteroid in the Solar System. - A spacecraft visited the second largest asteroid in the Solar System on July 17, 2011. The “Dawn” spacecraft orbited the asteroid, “Vesta” for over a year.
- 1573 - Standard Model of Particle Physics. - We are not talking about humans in the behavior sense. But, humans and everything else in the physical sense. Past behavior, past biology, in to chemistry and down to the molecules. The molecules are comprised of atoms and there are 92 different natural atoms, called the elements.
-1574 - Neutron Stars with the fastest spins. - Neutron Stars are the collapsed cores of massive stars that have exploded as supernovae. Our Sun is not big enough to explode as a supernova. Our Sun will explode into a Planetary Nebula and have a remnant core that is a White Dwarf Star
- 1575 - Teaching How to Learn. - The goal of teaching must be to teach students how to learn. Students need to cultivate the ability to ask questions. This is the cornerstone of critical thinking. It is the exercise to learn to use creativity.
-1576 - What does it matter, It’s Dark. - Our world is made of atoms. It is “all” that we know. It is everything that is matter. It is the chemistry and its 118 elements, it is biology, it is all material, it is the Cosmos.
- 1577 - Higgs Boson, How Does It Work? - An announcement this week in the news was that the Higgs Boson like particle discovered statistically last July is truly the new Higgs Particle.
- 1578 - Shollenberger Park Bird Sanctuary. - From Santa Rosa head to San Francisco south on Highway 101. Just before you cross the Petaluma River turn left down Lakeville Highway and then right back to the River. There you will find Shollenberger Park Bird Sanctuary
-1579 - Socrates, a great teacher. Socrates was a great teacher. His method of teaching was not to lecture, not to answer questions. But, more simply to return a more thoughtful question for every question asked. This would allow self-discovery in the pursuit of knowledge. Teaching how to learn.
-1580 - Asteroids the bricks that build Solar Systems. Knowing the density of asteroids would help us understand how our Solar System first formed.
- 1581 - Species - The Diversity of Life .- There is an enormous diversity and complexity among the species that live on Earth. How many species of life are there? Estimated to be at least 9,000,000 different species.
-1582 Pythagorean Theorem used on Relativity.
- 1583 - Simulating the Expanding Universe. Astronomers can now model the lifetime of the Universe on a computer. Cosmology enters the world of experimentation.
-1584 - Universe lifetimes. The stars, the galaxies, and the Universe itself as a life cycle we are trying to understand. X-rays are giving us a new vision on the scene.
-1585 - Andromeda, Milky Way Galaxies are on a collision course. What is the tug of war between gravity and Dark Energy? When will the collision happen?
-1586 - Measuring the Cosmic Microwave Background . The density waves in the radiation tell us much about the structure and composition of the Universe.
-1587 - Blackholes are real. They exist at the center of our Galaxy and there is direct evidence they have been found elsewhere in the Cosmos.
-1588 - Global Warming is what stars do. It is natural evolution for our Sun. The Sun will continue to get warmer until it becomes a Red Giant Star and engulfs our part of the Solar System.
-1589 - What are Neutrinos? Neutrinos are subatomic particles that are electrically neutral. They are unaffected by the electromagnetic force or the Strong Nuclear Force. The are weakly interactive with the Weak Nuclear Force and have so little mass that their mass has not yet been accurately measured.
-1590 - How the Universe came out of nothing to the Cosmos we observe today. A short story about 13.7 billion years of history.
-1591 - How do astronomers see the brightest objects in the Universe that are the farthest away? It is the closest thing we have to a time machine.
-1592 - Exoplanets we have discovered in other solar systems. Thousands of discoveries that leave much to learn. Already the diversity and extremes are visible.
-1593 - What can we learn about the extremes in our Universe. These are the boundary conditions we can either observe or theorize. Here are some of the fastest, the coldest, the rarest, the densest, extremes we can find.
-1594 - Why is 96% of the Universe “ Dark”? Several methods are used to calculate the structure of the Universe and each reaches the same conclusion. 73% is Dark Energy that we do not understand and another 23% is Dark Matter that we can figure out what it is made of. This Review uses simple methods that you can understand to reach these conclusions.
-1595 - 73% is Dark Energy that is expanding the Universe at a rate of 47,000 miles per hour per million lightyears distance.
-1596 - Using Redshift calculation to learn how fast the Universe is expanding. This is one step in understanding that 73% of the mass-energy of the Universe is some sort of anti-gravity causing the galaxies to recede away from each other.
-1597 - Using the Brightness Method to calculate the distance to galaxies. To illustrate we will again use the familiar star Vega
-1598 - The previous Review #1597 calculated that 73% of the Universe was composed of Dark Energy, leaving the 27% composed of matter. How did we learn that 85% of that matter was “ Dark Matter” and not ordinary matter?
-1599 - Why is 96% of the Universe “ Dark”? What else could explain how these conclusions could not be true.
-1600 - Comet ISON coming towards us. See it pass by the Star Spica in the southwestern sky, in the Constellation Virgo, at dawn on November 18, one hour before sunrise.
1601 - Cosmology is about the birth of the Universe. How did it all get started? Where is the expansion of the Universe leading us? The thoughts lead to a number of dumb questions.
-1602 - Cosmology tells us Composition. The light traveling with the expansion of the Universe looses energy. The temperature drops. Sound waves in the expansion vary densities that we see today. How the density waves travel tells us the composition of the Universe.
-1603 - Finding the farthest galaxy. How spectroscopy is used to measure the distance to the farthest galaxy.
-1604 - Grandpa’s Hometown, Auburn, Indiana. - This Review is to my 7 grandchildren. It is about my hometown Auburn, seat of County Government, Dekalb County, Indiana.
-1605 - Physics wants a theory for everything. Most physicists believe that there is an “objective reality” out there. An external world that has definite characteristics independent of the observer who perceives them.
-1606 - Quantum Mechanics has weird attributes. This review tries to summarize the weirdness. However, engineers design lasers, computers, cell phones, televisions, using these same attributes. It is not weird if it always works.
-1607 - Grandpa’s Laws - there are 4 ways to analyze the situation. Either they are what they appear to be, or they are not what they appear to be, or, they neither are nor appear to be, or they are not, yet appear to be. Have you ever thought what it would be like if there were not hypothetical situations?
-1608 - Neutrinos - What are they and why are they important. While you were reading this 5,000,000 of them passed through your thumb nail. They come from the Earth’s crust, the Sun, the Big Bang, Supernovae and your body.
-1609 - Asteroids and Comets visit Earth and Earth orbit on a routine basis. They come from different places in the Solar System. This Review summarizes some of what we have learned from our encounters and from 7 spacecraft that have visited them since 1995.
-1610 - Be Thankful for your Brain? It took 1.5 million years of evolution. How did it get to be as good as it gets. You may be surprised at the answer.
-1611 - How many meteors of all types hit us each year? When is the next big hit expected? Learn the equations that give the answers.
-1612 - How many comets make close flybys? How many are discovered each year? When will a big one likely hit? We had 7 close encounters last year. How do we reach these conclusions?
-1613 - Why is gold yellow and silver like a mirror? It all depends on where the element is on the Periodic Table.
-1614 - A dozen problems in astronomy and physics are mysteries today and problems to be solved in the future. Here are a few to think about.
-1615 - Key discoveries in astronomy and the men and women who made them. Covers the years 400 B.C. to 1800. See review #1616 to cover the years 1800 to present day.
-1616 - Key discoveries in astronomy and the men and women who made them. Covers the years 1705 to 1929. See review #1617 to cover the years 1930 to present day.
-1617 - Key discoveries in astronomy and the men and women who made them. Covers the years 1930 to 2000. See review #1615 , #1616 to cover the earlier years.
-1618 - The Dawn spacecraft is visiting two asteroids, Vesta and Ceres, in orbit between Mars and Jupiter. The primary measurements to be made are to determine the distribution of mass using gravity science. Ceres was our 5th planet for 49 years before she got demoted to an asteroid.
-1619 - How often do meteors hit Earth and how big are they? What were the more famous meteors that impacted our planet. What is the likelihood another big one is on its way?
-1620 - What is the likelihood of finding life elsewhere? Water is a key ingredient. How did water arrive on Earth? Where else can we find water for life? On the moon? On Mercury? On Mars?
-1621 - What is time? Where did time come from? Is time universal , the same everywhere in the Universe? What does the Theory of Relativity have to say about time?
-1622 - Singularity, to end at a point. If we run time backwards to where everything in the Universe is compressed into a single point, we have a Singularity. It may be possible to have a crack in a Blackhole to where we can see inside and see a "Naked Singularity".
-1623 - Comets are dirty snowballs. As a comet approaches the Sun how much water is evaporated? How fast is the evaporation occurring? What is the total amount of water lost as the comet loops around the Sun?
-1624 - How powerful are Cosmic Rays. How often do they reach Earth? What new discoveries have discovered the source of the high energy Cosmic Rays?
-1625 - What do we do about Renewable Energy? Californians unrealistic expectations for renewable energy are ineffective. The transition off fossil fuels needs a couple generations not government promoting short-term wishful thinking. Here are the facts about the real costs in a real long-term investment needed for energy alternatives.
-1626 - Richard Feynman’s lecture “ There is plenty of room at the bottom” is being realized today in Stanford U’s Linac X-ray Laser. His predictions show what the future holds in the sub-atomic world.
-1627 - . Is the universe really expanding? Maybe the universe is not homogeneous? Maybe we just happen to live in a giant void in space? Outside higher density regions may be causing a temporary expansion just for us?
-1628 - A blackhole defies current math. Both General Relativity and Quantum Mechanics can come up with infinities that the math just cannot handle. Maybe a hole does not even form? Maybe the math cancels out and a Black Star forms instead.?
--1629 Government Graphs
-1630 - Mars has had liquid water in its past. It is too small of a planet with too little atmosphere to retain the liquid state of water over time. It surface has not changed for over 3 billion years.
-1631 - Neutrinos are neutral particles that travel in a straight line. They arrive hours ahead of light that results from a supernovae explosion that can be as bright as a billion stars. New detectors are catching these illusive particles and pointing astronomers to their sources.
-1632 - Singularity, to end at a point. If we run time backwards to where everything in the Universe is compressed into a single point, we have a Singularity. It may be possible to have a crack in a Blackhole to where we can see inside and see a "Naked Singularity".
-1633 - New spectroscopy measurements have modeled the evolution of the Universe over the last 6,000,000,000 years to better than 1 % accuracy. What have we learned?
- 1634 - Universe is expanding. When we run the clock backwards it was compressing. When things get hot and dense enough we enter the realm of particle physics to explain what is happening.
- 1635 - Binary Stars with planets. Like the Star Wars movie can planets actually survive with 2 or more suns? Seven such systems have been confirmed. What is the math to support these conclusions?
- 1636 - What does Dark Matter Look Like? 85% of the matter that curves space time we can not see. We feel this curvature because we are so close to matter Earth. Some among us can feel the Moon the same way.
- 1637 - Education and Government. What if teaching returned to values and principles? What if politicians were motivated to limit government,, replacing voluminous mandates with marketing.? What if marketing was teaching citizens their best choices? What if individual freedom made those choices to best elevate American prosperity?
-1638 - Should I rent or buy. What will burn the most cash? How about the long term? When can I break even?
-1639 - Too Complicated, Too Fast? Technology is moving too fast. “ Smart” people are needed to take on the challenge of making these new systems redundant, fail safe, and protected. Can these smart people work fast enough?
- 1640 - The state of the State of California. Governor Brown gave his speech proclaiming “California’s Comeback“. The facts on the state’s situation is a far cry from this picture.
- 1641 - New ideas to change your life. Here are some breakthrough technologies that could see a future in commercial products all of us can use. Supercomputers speed up time-to-market for these products.
- 1642 - Students launch small satellite in to space. Home designed and built at Sonoma State University. Measurements and programming worked flawlessly.
- 1643 - Absolute Zero temperature is the state of minimum entropy, or maximum order, and , thermodynamic equilibrium where there is no net flow of energy. Nothing changes, atoms won’t allow that condition. The lowest temperature can not reach Absolute Zero.
- 1644 - California’s Green Energy and the next gold Rush. Rare Earth metals are running our knowledge economy. But, we have little knowledge about them. This review will help.
- 1645 - Climate Science is the newest name for Global Warming ,or Climate Change, or what’s next, that is trying to remain scientific and above the political pollution that comes with these words. This review is of a lecture from a climate scientists given 2-3-14 at Sonoma State University.
- 1646 - Blackholes - An Evolution Still in Process? This review covers the history of Blackhole discoveries and what astronomers are currently studying. Most all galaxies have an enormous Blackhole at their center. There are 35 more Blackholes being studied in our own Milky Way Galaxy.
- 1647 - Vesta, Ceres, and Phoebe. This review is to learn about 2 of the largest asteroids and one of the strangest moons that is orbiting Saturn.
- 1648 - Energy in Physics? This review covers the many different forms of energy and how it interconnects the entire Universe. Matter is really energy in its highest form until it becomes dense enough to become a Blackhole.
- 1649 - What is Science? How do we separate the product from the process. Science has shown that the majority opinion does not always work. If we are all thinking the same thing, someone is not thinking
- 1650 - The power of combinations? Pass it on to anyone who wants to learn the power of combinations. The power of teamwork, networking, and the world-wide-web are demonstrated in the math.
- 1651 - - Moons may be the best habitat for life? How did the Moon get its magnetic field? Could moons around giant gaseous planets be well suited for life? Does our Moon contain water that could support a colony of life?
- 1652 - Electrons are all around us? This review summarizes what we know about electrons. A few hundred years of study and there are still mysteries to keep us challenged.
- 1653 - Discoveries of Planck Telescope on Universe Evolution. The data collected tells astronomers how old the Universe is and its composition today. 95% of this composition is “ dark” , unknown to science. With these parameters they can still simulate the expansion of the Universe to what we see today.
- 1654- Everything about Protons. Electrons and protons still are mysteries that challenge today’s best science. This review catches you up on what we know about protons.
- 1655 - Government, the way it was intended.
-1656 - Managing your financial future? Simple steps that will make you money in the long run.
- 1657 - Everything about Blackholes. Why genius takes us to extremes? Blackholes take us past our imagination. This review explores some of these extremes.
-1658 - Galaxies should be flying apart? Newton’s laws for the force of gravity may be incomplete? Stars and galaxies rotate too fast to stay together, according to his equations. Something is amiss?
-1659 - Cosmic rays are electrons, protons, and other ionized atomic nuclei striking Earth's upper atmosphere at nearly the speed of light, 186, 000 miles per second. Want to learn more?
- 1660 - Kuiper Belt Planets. Well Dwarf Planets, but, there are a lot of them. This review gives us a new picture of our Solar System.
- 1661 - Math is food for the brain . This Review teaches you how to calculate gambling odds. How to multiple squares and 2 numbers with short cuts. Delaney’s birthday is April 7, how old is she?
- 1662 - Relativity for speed readers. relativity happens when energy grows to infinity trying to move a body in motion faster and faster. The lengths pancake to zero and time slows to a stop.
- 1663 - The General Theory of Relativity from simple math. Everyone learned the binominal theorem in the 5th grade. This review uses it to derive E = mc^2.
- 1664 - Computer Simulations of the Human Cell. modeling cells could speed up medical research enormously. Nanotechnology and physics are entering biology science.
- 1665 - Universe - How it all started? How on Earth do we know that?
- 1666 - The Auburn Automobile Plant’s Duesenberg.
- 1667 - Dating Earth’s oldest Rocks. Hudson Bay, Canada, has the oldest rocks found so far. What can they tell us about the evolution of our planet? How does radioactive dating work?
- 1668 - American Enterprise. What does it mean to be a corporation? How do corporations help the economy? Why does the government need to be restrained from taking entrepreneurship away from private industry?
- 1669 - How many planets are there? We have found over 3,000 candidates. What’s next in planet discoveries outside our Solar System?
- 1670 - Super Massive Stars and Super Massive Blackholes. How big can stars get? When will they become a Blackhole? How do we calculate the mass of these giants?
- 1671 - Truth about Energy and the Economy? Where does our energy come from, were does in go? How about dollars? Who pays? Who benefits?
- 1672 - Beginning with a Universe. Really, how did it all start? Where did we come from? How long will it last? Astronomy looks back in time to get the answers.
- 1673 - Megan’s Birthday Meteor Shower.
- 1674 - When the Sun becomes a Red Giant Star and swallows the Earth.
- 1675 - Red Giant Stars are smaller than our Sun but have habitable zones where life could have evolved. They live 10 times longer and there are 200 times more of them. Why are we not looking here?
- 1676 - Dogs can Smell. They can accomplish amazing feats with their nose. There is so much information that we pass by, and dogs don’t miss. Learn what they are telling you next time you are on a walk.
- 1677 - Dinosaurs in Utah. Evolution there lasted for 20,000,000 years with diversity of species. Many species were lost with the asteroid hit the Yucatan Peninsula. Evolution got a re-start.
- 1678 - Moon History from the Beginning. Evolution of the surface of the Moon was much different than that on Earth. Meteor impacts and volcanism took different forms. Here is what we have learned about Moon History.
- 1679 - Space Dust , what does it tell us? The Earth travels through tons of space dust that mostly originated in comets and asteroids. Astronomers are collecting this dust and studying every grain. We see this dust entering the atmosphere as “ shooting stars”.
- 1680 - Cosmic Inflation. The faster than the speed of light expansion of the early Universe produced gravitational waves in the radiation that is detected in polarized light found in the Cosmic Microwave Background.
- 1681 - Two of the moons in our Solar System might support life? There are a lot to choose from. All of them are different. We have 173 moons circling our 8 planets.
- 1682 - The Big Bang is not the birth of the Universe. That belongs to religion. Science is what we learn through observation and experimentation. The Big Bang is the birth of the Observable Universe. We don’t know the rest. The rest is our Quest for knowledge
- 1683 - The Ebola virus is deadly with no known cure. Recent re-engineering of RNA molecules allows protein molecules to be starved off preventing the virus from replication itself. The experimental drug has gone from monkeys to people this year because of the spreading Ebola epidemic.
- 1684 - What does a supernova explosion sound like? In space there is no sound. However, technology can detect electromagnetic radiation and translate it to the frequencies we can hear. What can we learn from this?
- 1685 - What are the odds you are able to read this? Many things have had to come together just right. This review will suggest a few of the amazing odds you have overcome.
- 1686 - Measuring the Size of the Universe? Astronomers use the fact that a light gets dimmer the further away it is. There are a lot of uncertainties with the results of this calculation. New measuring tricks may be developed soon using Baryon Waves and Gravity Waves for a better yardstick to measure the size of the Universe.
- 1687 - Astronomers are no longer limited to visible light when studying the heavens. Today’s technology launches detectors into orbit that can “see” much more of the electromagnetic spectrum, from infrared to Gamma Rays. This review focuses on what astronomers have learned with X-ray telescopes.
- 1688 - November 12, 2014 Rosetta spacecraft sends a Lander to the surface of a comet. The spacecraft has been orbiting the comet since August. With instruments on the surface and on the orbiter we should learn much more about comets. They have been unaltered for billions of years since the solar system’s formation.
- 1689 - A savant is a person of genius intellect and talent. There are examples of this genius being acquired. If you want to learn how check out this review #1689. The brain is a miraculous thing trying to comprehend itself.
- 1690 - If there is life on other planets we need to come up with ways our spacecraft explorers can detect it. If we find a life form beyond Earth we have new insight into the probability of life be ubiquitous throughout the Universe.
- 1691 - Thinking about Time. Everything you see is younger when you see it. It takes time for the light to reach you and it is the speed of light that is constant. Time is variable it depends on where you are and how fast you are moving. It even gets more complicated.
- 1692 - The Rosetta spacecraft landed an instrument package on Comet 67P. This review is some background while waiting for the science news to arrive. A math lesson estimates the size of the comet.
- 1693 - - Let’s play around with Particle Physics and you may be surprised what you learn. This review is about Quarks. These are the sub-atomic particles that make up protons and neutrons. The discoveries of new particles come from the Large Hadron Collider that smashes protons together.
- 1694 - Nebulae are like Snowflakes, no two are alike. The physics part of the story is even more interesting. Scroll the internet for some beautiful pictures and then try to imagine what is really going on with atoms and elements being created.
- 1695 - Measuring Astronomical Distances. This review illustrates different methods to measure distances back to the Big Bang.
- 1696 - Comet landing with Rosetta mission is collecting science that tells us a history of our planet. Did comets bring water to Earth 4 billion years ago?
- 1697 - The story beginning to end. What happened over the past 13.7 billion years. How did we get to where we are today? 95% of it we do not know. How fun is that?
- 1698 - How rare are we in the Universe? We are made of elements created in exploding stars. Our world has such abundance but how rare is this abundance in the Universe?
- 1700 - Neutrino - A summary of what we have learned so far. They are nearly massless and travel nearly the speed of light. They are as abundant as photons but behave quite differently. They are generated in fusion and fission processes, some to enormous energies.
- 1701 - The Expanding Universe? The Universe’s expansion was slowing the first 5 billion years due to gravity. The last 5 billion years the Universe is expanding at an accelerating rate. Today it is expanding at 47,000 miles per hour for every 1 million lightyears of space.
- 1702 - Europa - Ice Shells on the Move? Europa’s image taken by NASA Galileo spacecraft ( 1995) is fascinating. This moon of Jupiter has plate tectonics. You can see Europa with binoculars along with 3 other Jupiter moons.
- 1703 - Milky Way Bubbles and Star Steamers? Our Galaxy has giant lobes of Gamma Ray bubbles exiting at the poles. It also has a halo of streams of stars from the cannibalization of Dwarf Galaxies. It also has a Dark Matter halo of unknown particles. Let’s review these mysteries.
- 1704 - There are 2 sides to a Full Moon? Why are they so different. Here are the current theories.
- 1705 - Radiation. Energy in the sub-atomic world can come in waves or particles. How much radiation is needed before it is harmful to your health? How will radiation affect spaceflight? Can the risk be measured?
- 1706 - January 2015 watch for Mercury and Venus, low in the western sky. These two planets could not be more different. Try this review for comparisons.
- 1707 - Comet being studied by Rosetta spacecraft. We are learning the composition of a comet that is 4,600,000,000 years old. It was born when the Solar System was first formed.
- 1708 - My New Year’s Resolution. The colors in astronomy. This review explains how astronomers gets those beautiful color pictures of nebulae.
- 1709 - Water from Comets, or , is there another explanation? New data is coming from the Rosetta mission to Comet 67P and the Curiosity Rover mission on Mars. What are the conclusions as to where Earth got its water?
- 1710 - Critical Thinking - The best course I ever took? It takes practice to think critically. Some structure to your thinking by asking questions.
- 1712 - Sleeping Bears, have some good things going for them. Humans could learn from them to avoid many diseases.
- 1713 - Colors change for far away galaxies. We can calculate their radial velocity by the amount of shift that happens to colors of light as it travels through expanding space. Using Hubble’s constant rate of space expansion we can calculate the distance to the galaxy.
- 1714 - Saturn’s moon - Enceladus New discoveries suggest an underwater ocean that contains ammonia anti-freeze and exits plums or geysers through the thick icy crust on the surface. Check the data and see if you agree?
- 1715 - Stargazers - Looking back in Time?. The seven brightest stars in the sky and how far away they are. Star viewing the month of January, 2015. Happy New Year.
- 1716 - Astronomical Disappointments. 2014 had some explorations that did not pan out so well. Not much reporting on the flip side of discoveries. Here are a few disappointments.
- 1717 - Kepler Space Telescope, has identified 1,000 planets orbiting other stars. After 4 years its gyroscopes gave out, but, creative astronomers have found a way to give the telescope new life. It is still discovering more planets.
- 1718 - The Detrick Genealogy. 5 million years of good luck.
- 1719 - Bullet Train or Vacuum Train? Governor Brown wants his Bullet Train. Elon Musk wants a faster and cheaper vacuum train. What do you want?
- 1720 - How do we know the age of the Sun? How fast is it “ burning” hydrogen? What does how fast it spinning have to do with this?
- 1721 - Closest stars and more perfect Earth’s? A star just 7 lightyears away was newly discovered. Our Earth is right at the edge of a habitable planet. There are more life friendly habitable zones for planets around other
- 1722 - Dark Matter, Dark Energy What is it? New instruments being developed and new theories being explored as to what this stuff is. Or, isn’t?
- 1723 - Water, Water, everywhere. Astronomers have discovered water on Mars, Europa, Ceres, maybe outer space. Follow H2O fingerprints they are trying to learn where all this water came from.
- 1724 - Visiting Pluto, My 9th Planet. New Horizon spacecraft does a fly-by these next few months. 7 instruments collect years worth of data. Then on to the Kuiper Belt.
- 1725 - Europa , Icy Moon of Jupiter. At -300F temperatures how can liquid water exist? Why have the water geysers stopped spewing? How do tides create heat?
- 1726 - Supersymmetry in Particle Physics. The Large Hadron Collider may find the super partners in particles to unify the 4 forces to include Gravity and add to our understanding of why the Universe is finely tuned as it is.
- 1727 - Pluto and Charon - Do the Math? Spacecraft begins its visit to Pluto this month, January, 2015, for a fly-by. Here is how the measurements become math that calculate the mass of the planets and moons.
- 1728 - Measuring the Universe Using gravity waves and not just electromagnetic waves to study back to the beginning of time. How to explain the universe is flat and the same in every
direction astronomers can look. Gravity waves could be a measuring stick.
- 1729 - Walk with Venus on a Starry Night? Compare the differences with Earth.
- 1730 - Collaborative Government. Pass it on to your representative if you agree.
- 1731 - Learn more about astronomy by using more of the electromagnetic spectrum.
- Here are 2 views of galaxies and stars using X-rays and Radio waves converted to light waves.
- 1732 - Listening to the Heartbeat of the Stars. Kepler has found 1,000 exoplanets and we have now learned how to use seismology on the parent stars. Whole new science is emerging.
- 1733 - Quantum Dots and Valleytronics. The new technology to faster computing, 1 million times faster. Displays with brilliant colors all from today’s nanotechnology.
- 1734 -Entrepreneurs are busy people. There is always something to do, and most of the time it's something really urgent. That's the plight of the entrepreneur--constantly moving pieces, organizing activities, leading initiatives, and putting out fires, and making stuff happen
- 1735 - We are running out of time? This review is about how time, space, energy , mass and gravity interact to make up the Universe we live in. It is only strange if you think about it.
- 1736 - Bits of Time. This review is about how time, space, energy, mass, and gravity interact to create the Universe we live in. It is only strange if you think about it.
- 1737 - Santa Rosa and the Ukraine in 1987. Press Democrat ran 6 articles on the change in US and USSR relations after the end of the Cold War and Gorbachev opened the Russian society to the West.
- 1738 - The Dark Matter in the Universe? This Review is of the evidence that infers Dark Matter ’s existence. And, of the candidates that have yet to be discovered to explain it.
- 1739 - How fast is the Universe Expanding? This review explains Hubble’s Constant for the velocity of space expansion and how working backwards gives us the age of the Universe.
- 1740 - Calculating Global Warming. How to measure the temperature of stars? Knowing the temperature of the Earth how to calculate the total energy being radiated?
-- 1741 - The Energy of Planetary Motion? How energy is stored in angular momentum. Calculations are made for the Earth and the planets.
- 1742, 1743, 1744, 1745 - Astronomy Facts One. A collection of facts in the study of astronomy. Each a pearl of knowledge that the mind can ponder.
- 1746 - Does Anti-Matter Really Exist? We can produce anti-matter in our labs. It is produce in the Sun and in the Blackhole at the center of our Galaxy. It reacts with matter and instantly returns to pure energy. How did the imbalance every happen to give us this world of matter?
- 1747 - Cosmic Rays and Gamma Rays bombard Mother Earth constantly. Some with energies far higher than anything science can produce in particle accelerators. We are still learning where they come from and how they attain such enormous energies.
- 1748 - The Science of Empty Space. The vacuum of space is filled with a Higgs Field that creates mass for all particles. Supersymmetry requires heavier particles to pair up with the 12 fundamental particles of ordinary matter. CERN particle accelerator may discover these heavier particles in a few months from now.
- 1749 - Dark Energy Expanding the Universe. What is it that is causing the Universe to expand at an ever increasing rate? What force is overcoming the force of gravity?
- 1750 - Math for fun: Science and Math are special to me. Science is the study of reality. It helps me try to understand what the world is really like. Math is the study of patterns. What is amazing to me is how well math is used to describe nature. Was math discovered in nature, or, was it invented to describe nature. Regardless, it is amazing that it works so perfectly.
- 1751 - Einstein’s Theory of Gravity. 100 years of challenges have not been able to dispute or change his thought experiment of what gravity was and how it works. His math has held up with every observation, so far.
- 1752- March Star Constellations. How they got their names and the ancient stories that go along with them.
- 1753 - Blackholes are not black. Theories are coming out challenging Einstein’s description of a blackhole have just 3 characteristics, mass, spin, and charge. These new theories are a totally different picture of something we can’t see.
- 1754- The Tides of Gravity. How gravity affects the Earth and the Moon, the galaxies and Blackholes.
- 1755 - Cosmic String Theory. What’s the difference between “ Dark Energy” expanding the Universe ,and, “ Cosmic Inflation Theory” expanding the Universe? And, what does the Universe expansion have to do with “ String Theory”?
- 1756 - Math is food for the brain . This Review teaches you how to calculate gambling odds. How to multiple squares and 2 numbers with short cuts. Delaney’s birthday is April 7, how old is she?
- 1757 - How do stars create energy and elements? Elements were created in the Big Bang and in supernovae explosions. Elements are created in Particle Accelerators.
- 1758 - Time is a mystery. But, we can’t live without it. We see time as a constant march into the future, but, astronomers and physicists must see it as a variable, it depends on gravity and motion.
- 1759 - Why is the Universe expanding? What we know about the beginning and what we have learned to explain the receding galaxies at an ever accelerating rate.
- 1760 - The Birth of Galaxies? When and how did the first galaxies form? How does the galaxies regulate star formation and what cause large galaxies to stop forming stars?
- 1761 - Brown Dwarf stars. They fill the gap between planets and stars that shine. How do they form and what is their ages? Over 1,000 are being studied
- 1762 - Delving into Extreme Physics. This will challenge your imagination trying to decide, “what is reality”? What is real versus what is perceived? What really happens in the micro-world and the macro-world?
- 1763 - Infrared - The Light we cannot see? More than half of the light we receive from the Sun our eyes cannot detect. Infrared is the “light” astronomers see coming from the most distant galaxies.
- 1764 - Beyond the Rings of Saturn? The rings and moons of Saturn can remind us of our Solar System. Energies from gravitational forces and angular momentum create both in much the same way.
- 1765 - Quasars take us back in time? The Universe was more dense and chaotic. Astronomers use this to discover an accelerating, expanding universe.
- 1766 - What goes on inside an atom? Protons contain Quark and Gluon particles that have a powerful force holding the nucleus together. Somehow the force stops at the proton boundary.
- 1767 - Planet Mercury - the 10 year mission, 6 years to get there, 4 years collecting data, what did we learn about this planet closest to the Sun?
- 1768 - When can planets become stars? We have sub-planets called Dwarf Planets and we have sub-stars called Brown Dwarf stars. Where is the dividing line?
- 1769 - When is the next asteroid going to hit Earth? How many are near Earth objects intersecting our orbit around the Sun? How big are they? What can we do about an imminent impact?
- 1770 - Hubble Space Telescope. The 25 year anniversary of space exploration. What did Hubble learn? How did Hubble change our view of the Universe?
- 1771 - Life is complex? What are the strangest things to try to comprehend? They are found at either end of physics and astronomy, then life itself.
- 1772 - How do Constants control nature? How well do we know the value of each constant? Has their value changed over time or distance? What happens with the slightest change in these constants in nature?
- 1773 - Space is what separates things? What else is it? We continue to discover what space is and we are far from finished.
- 1774 - Time - is a fundamental concept that Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity disagree about.
- 1775 - Cosmic Evolution. What we have learned in the past 100 years about how we got here. And, we are doing to learn more about what happened the past 13.7 billion years.
- 1776 - Gravity Waves - What cause them and how are do we intend to detect them. Computer simulations using General Relativity are modeling our investigation.
- 1777 - Dark Matter - New clues keep coming in but the mystery of what Dark Matter is remains a mystery. Soon some new breakthrough in physics will help explain these astronomical observations.
- 1778 - Mars and Venus, our Sister Planets. Mars has become a cold, dry desert with an ultra-thin atmosphere. Venus has turned itself inside-out with intense heat and an ultra-thick atmosphere. Earth is in the middle.
- 1779 - Trip to Mars. How will we visit this planet? What are the risks of such a trip? We need to send robots first to do our exploring. The next one will leave March, 2016.
- 1780 - How Fast to Orbit? Speed is what it takes to go into orbit. I does not matter how big you are, just how fast you are going. This Review does the calculations.
- 1781 - In 2015 our spacecraft visited Pluto making many new discoveries that surprised astronomers. In 2016 the data will still be arriving and more discoveries are expected to arrive. Stay tuned Pluto is complex.
- 1782 - Telescopes looking back in time. Astronomers can almost see all the way back to the beginning. 13.82 billion years later the Universe has cooled and expanded to become enormously huge. This review attempts to try and put that into perspective.
- 1783 - How fast would a space station have to spin to reproduce Earth’s gravity? This review goes through the math for centripetal force in a rotating space station.
- 1784 - What was the 5th planet to be discovered? This is about the Dwarf Planet Ceres that was discovered in 1801. We had a spacecraft visit it this year making some startling discoveries.
- 1785 - Earth from Space Station. How many times does the Earth rotate while making a single orbit around the Sun?
- 1786 - Enceladus - Saturn’s moon. This review describes what we have learned from recent space probes. It’s a whole new world to spur the imagination.
- 1787 - Titan, strange moon of Saturn. Rivers and lakes of methane and a thick atmosphere make Titan unique in our Solar System.
- 1788 - Europa - moon of Jupiter is 80% larger than our Moon. It harbors an enormous under ice ocean and has a good chance of support primitive life forms.
- 1789 - Pluto 9th Planet to 1st Dwarf Planet? Spacecraft visit in 2015 uncovered many new mysteries. There is much more complexity their than expected.
- 1790 - Space bends, and Time slows? This review explains why space and time must change in order to adhere to the Theory of Relativity.
- 1791 - The Consequences of Relativity? Once length shrinks and time slows a whole lot of other things will happen.
- 1792 - Local and Non-local Space? How to be in two places at once. Paired atomic particles remain connected regardless of the space between them. How do they communicate?
- 1793 - Quantum Physics of Determinism. Our natural world is deterministic yet the building blocks that make it up are indeterministic, totally acting at random?
- 1794 - Infinity and Blackholes? How are these two connected? Can infinity really exist?
- 1795 - Light up your brain with new knowledge. Here are interesting facts about the light of day. Just seeing it uses half your brain.
- 1796 - Mars after 20 successful missions to the 4th planet what have we learned?
- 1797 - Visiting the Rosetta Comet. It does contain water but different isotope than Earth’s. It did contain 16 different organic compounds.
- 1798 - Ganymede - The Solar System’s largest Moon. Has lots of water and ice and some oxygen atmosphere.
- 1799 - Primer on Particle Physics. This review attempts to introduce the vocabulary to understand the quantum world of particle physics. Breakthroughs are on the horizon.
- 1800 - Dark Energy - Something is counter acting Gravity. For the first7 billion years gravity was king. Then, something else took over once expansion reached this point. Now the Universe is expanding at an ever accelerating rate over this next 7 billion years.
- 1801 - Entanglement - Space-Time - Wormholes. Tries to explain how quantum actions can occur faster than the speed of light, spooky action at a distance.
- 1802 - The Natural Constants. How our physical world depends on constants in nature that are unchangeable throughout the Universe. How can we measure or derive these constants mathematically?
- 1803 - Blackholes test Relativity - How close are we to seeing a Blackhole? Observations will soon be able to again test the Theory of Relativity. Will Relativity and Quantum Mechanics math survive the test?
- 1804 - Our Milky Way. What have we earned from the inside, then from looking on the outside at similar spiral galaxies in our neighborhood?
- 1805 - 2015 new discoveries in Astronomy and Physics. Higgs Boson, Gravity Waves, Dark Matte, and Dark Energy.
- 1301 - Can Bird Poop Break a Car Windshield? Some physics and math needed to solve a problem
- 1806 - Evolution of Life, includes my life. This review covers 3 ways life has evolved over 14 billion years starting with minimum Entropy and constantly increasing. Statistics and probabilities make life happen Naturally.
- 1807 - The Detrick Geneology back to Adam and Eve.
- 1808 - Calendar of the Universe, since the beginning of time. From 10^-43 seconds to 10^120 seconds , with higher resolution around 2.5 to 27 billion years, and 14 to 15, 14.9 to 14.999 billion years. All in 80 kilobytes.
- 1809 - Life Beyond Earth? What is the likelihood and what would be the criteria to search for? Life has its dependencies, we can’t live without them.
- 1810 - Photons are Everywhere. How many photons enter your eye? How many photons are in the Universe? Do the math it may surprise you.
- 1811 - Dark Energy and the Higgs Field. One field is trying to compress space back to a point and the other field is trying to blow it apart into oblivion. We are luckily in the middle somehow.
- 1812 - Blackholes and Relativity. This review covers frame dragging and how Blackholes evaporate into the Universe. Mass tells space-time how to curve.
- 1813 - Galactic Storms, Quakes, and Waves. Seismic like quakes occur across our Galaxy. We can analyze these waves to map out the Galaxy in 3D very similar to how analysis of Earthquake waves are used to analyze the Earth’s interior.
- 1814 - Neutrinos - nearly massless, traveling at nearly the speed of light and maybe even be matter and anti-matter in the same particle?
- 1815 - The Planet Mercury, after 4 years of a spacecraft orbiting Mercury what did we learn about the planet closest to the Sun?
- 1816 - Lasers are more than for star wars. In the past 60 years lasers have introduced many different technologies and new ones are still advancing.
- 1817 - Quantum Mechanics and Gravity. How the world of the large and small have to come together. How entanglement will make possible perfect encryption.
- 1818 - Quantum Computing and what it means to your future. How QC is going to change your life. How will we deal with our new reality.
- 1819 - Blackholes. There history of discovery and new discoveries that may close the gap between stellar and galaxy center Blackholes.
- 1820 - Dark Matter - What do we know about it matters. It is 25% of all the mass-energy in the Universe. It does not interact with light but does interact with gravity.
- 1821 - Describing the Universe. There 6 characteristics that model the Universe. Looking deeper into space is looking back in time. We are getting close to the first light after the Big Bang.
- 1822 - The largest stars, the oldest stars. The first stars and how do we find them?
What is in the space between the stars?
- 1823 - Dark Matter and the extinction of the Dinosaurs. Earth passes through the disk of our Galaxy every 32 million years. How might this event be involved in the evolution of life on Earth?
- 1824 - Cosmic Inflation explains a lot about what astronomers observe. But, astronomers can not yet explain how or why Inflation happened. New telescopes are searching for Gravity Waves as new evidence to support this theory.
- 1825 - Asteroids responsible for evolution on Earth? How many times has Earth been hit by a large asteroid? What is the likelihood of another hit? What is Congress and NASA doing about this potential danger? The math to calculate the energy of an impact.
- 1826 - How big is our Solar System? New discoveries are making it bigger. Why does the math work on our Solar System but not work on the Galaxy? Dark Matter is the explanation.
- 1827 - Gravity Waves Discovered! 2015 discovery, first predicted in 1915. Gravity Waves are observed 100years later. General Relativity predicted much more, including the expanding Universe, Blackholes, bending light waves, slower clocks, and even stopping time altogether.
- 1828 - Quantum systems and Entanglement. How to connect the smallest particles in the Quantum World to the macro-world math that uses General Relativity? Is the entire Universe a space-time fabric interconnected in this way?
- 1829 - Dwarf Planets and Asteroids. Not the 8 planets in our Solar System ,but, the Dwarf Planets , asteroids, and comets that have had the most impact on the evolution of life on Earth.
- 1831 - From Blackholes to Empty Space? The center of a Blackhole is expected to be infinite density. The space between Blackholes is supposed to be an empty vacuum. Both offer mysteries yet to be discovered.
- 1832 - Dwarf Galaxies and WIMPS, believed to be the particles in Dark Matter. Dwarf Galaxies have a few hundred stars. Globular Clusters have 100,000’s stars. Our Milky Way has billions.
- 1833 - Exoplanets are starting to reveal their secrets. These first discoveries are the super-size planets that are truly alien worlds. We have much more to learn in the search for the smaller earth-like relatives.
- 1834 - That Lucky Ol’ Sun got nothing to do? This review tells how the Sun gets its energy and how it compares with other stars in the Universe. And, how long will the Sun live?
- 1835 - Can MRI’s be lie detectors? Magnetic resonance details tissues and blood flow inside the body. That can reveal medical problems, can it reveal truth telling?
- 1836 - An expanding Universe is stretching our imagination. Experimental evidence tells us that 95% of the Universe is Dark Energy and Dark Matter that we haven’t found yet.
- 1837 - Microbes control your life? Microbes, protons, and the smallest stuff responsible for life and the causes of death.
- 1838 - February 29 a leap day in a leap year, Why? What causes us to change clocks around the world by leap days and even by leap seconds? The Earth’s rotation is slowing down.
-1493 - Puzzles that astronomers find challenging. The Universe is expanding at an ever accelerating rate due to a vacuum energy in space that we can not identify. In order to have the effect of gravity everywhere the same, there must be 10 times more mass than we can identify. Whatever is causing it the Universe will end cold, black, with empty space being the winner.
- 1838 - What’s entanglement got to do with it? What’s wormholes go to do with it? Where is the missing link between Quantum Mechanics ( microscopic dimensions) and General Relativity ( astronomical dimensions)?
- 1839 - Matter and Anti-Matter? What can explain why matter outnumbers anti-matter. They should have been equal in the beginning. How particle accelerators are searching for the answers.
- 1840 - Are there neutrinos that are right-handed? That would explain a lot if we could just discover them. There are 100 trillion left-handed neutrinos passing through your body ever second.
- 1841 - The discovery of Gravity Waves and Gamma Rays. Gravity Waves first detected September, 2015. Along with them came a mysterious Gamma Ray flash.
- 1842 - Planet like Saturn, but, 200 times bigger. Gaseous planets with rings like Saturn and moons the could be life-friendly.
- 1843 - Great Walls in space with Blackholes. Are there really holes in the Universe? Are there complete voids of only empty space? How to calculate and measure the rotation rate of Blackholes.
- 1844 - Math - Pascal’s Wager on Climate Change. This is a decision theory using mathematical and statistical inferences that works in day to day decision making.
- 1845 - Why is the sky blue? Starts with an attempt to explain it by Aristotle in 342 B.C. Then it took 100 years to get the answer advancing physics and biology along the way.
- 1846 - Nanotechnology from Chemistry to Biology. The computer technology is advancing into smaller and smaller architectures. Where is the limit? What are new alternatives that can extend past the limit?
- 1847 - Computer evolution, where will it lead? Computer power remains on an exponential growth path. But, technologies will change as they reach new limits at each phase.
- 1848 - Particle Physics, a history lesson. 100 years of the search for how the sub-atomic beginning of the Universe ( Quantum Mechanics) evolved into the Universe of galaxies and the Theory of Gravity (General Relativity) is today still work in process. Here are the crypt-notes
- 1849 - Cosmology - Energy flows, Chaos ensues. Stuff happens. Does statistical force create Nature?
- 1850 - Dark Matter ? Is it 23% of the Universe? Is it 90% of all the matter? Do we have it right this time? That would mean everything we know and love is less than 5% of what is out there.
- 1851 - Velocity - Your motion in the Universe? It is more complicated than you can imagine. And, it is all relative. Motion is where you are to where you get to divided by the time it takes. Each of those variables depends on “Relativity“.
- 1852 - How do we measure Cosmic Inflation? The Universe is getting bigger. How big is it? And, how fast is it growing?
- 1853 - What caused Cosmic Inflation? New satellites use polarization to gain new data to tell the story after the Big Bang. New calculations were made for age, geometry, composition, and weight of the Universe.
- 1854 - How do we know Cosmic Inflation happened? It explains why the Universe geometry is flat and homogeneous and how quantum fluctuations grew into galaxies.
- 1855 - Cosmology - astronomy studying energy flows and the force of statistics. Chaos ensues and stuff happens. Do statistical forces create Nature? Are we just a product of large numbers?
- 1856 - Pluto the 9th Planet - Not! But, wait, there still may be a 9th planet. Cal Tech has a computer simulation that says so.
- 1858 - Gravity, LIGO, and Gravity Waves. A new era in astronomy has occurred this year with the detection of gravity waves created by 2 merging Blackholes. Many new discoveries are forthcoming
- 1859 - Will a rocket ever reach the stars? Yes, laser sails and nano-satellites could reach the stars in 20 years. Here is how:
- 1860 - Discoveries are coming fast in astronomy. Space missions to Mars and Ceres collect enough data to keep astronomers working for decades.
- 1861 - How can space be curved? 2,200 years ago curvature was determined by plane geometry. Relativity showed us space was curved by mass and gravity. Today curvature in space tells us 96% is mysterious Dark Mass and Dark Energy.
- 1862 - Using concrete to solve Global Warming! What has lava got to do with?
And, the basalt in my back yard?
- 1863 - From starlight to star dust. Photons have some very interesting characteristics. They are constantly moving energy around the Universe. Mass is concentrated energy. The gassy stars created the star dust at their cores and then exploded.
- 1864 - How is Dark Energy expanding the Universe? Why is this expansion rate accelerating? Where does the energy come from? What is the likely end result?
- 1865 - Equations are just another language to learn. Here are several of equations that changed our understanding of our world. Also listed of how important they are in our daily lives.
- 1866 - Supernovae and evolution on Earth. Could Dark Matter also have impacted evolution on Earth? Or, did the 9th planet yet to be discovered send Kuiper Belt asteroids into the inner Solar System causing mass extinctions and life evolution?
- 1867 - Questions in Physics and Astronomy. If this your chosen career field, or, your current hobby, you have a lot of important mysteries to solve. Here is a list for you to start working on.
- 1868 - What do Neutron lifetimes have to do with it? Why do we need to know what happened to anti-matter? How can pure science lead to a single atom engine?
- 1869 - Blackhole mysteries, how big can they get? How do you calculate their mass? Is the firewall of destruction actually visible? Can entangled particles actually escape the Blackhole?
- 1870 - Is Gravity a Quantum Force? At the smallest scales is Gravity granular? Each grain being a “ Graviton”? Is space-time a foam with voids? Do gravity waves travel at the speed of light?
- 1871 - Asteroids and their Trojan orbits. In order to predict asteroids trajectories we need to learn about their composition. Missions will soon visit two asteroids to learn more. Maybe, where life originated.
- 1872 - New solar systems. The evolution of our Solar System took place 3.8 billion years ago. Today computer simulations are attempting to duplicate the process. New discoveries are made of other solar systems in the Universe. Are they like ours?
- 1873 - Venus and Mercury. Space probes to the inner planets have brought us new knowledge of the Solar System formation. Like expected new knowledge has brought new mysteries to solve.
- 1874 - Will we likely find life on Exoplanets and Exomoons? Over 3,000 exoplanets have been discovered. But, moons are the most likely first discoveries for life outside of Earth. This review is a summary of what we have learned to date.
- 1875 - Mass, light, and gravity. Still learning. A new property of light to be used in Quantum Computing. A new understanding of where mass comes from. Discoveries of how gravity waves occur with binary Blackholes.
- 1876 - A sample of Exoplanets that are good candidates for life. Over 3,000 exoplanets have been discovered to date. Our own giant gaseous planets have a 100 moons and a few of them will be early candidates to explore for life.
- 1877 - What can we earn from Oxygen? Burn some in your brain and see if you can learn where oxygen came from. Can we find some of this life giving oxygen on Mars?
- 1878 - Magnetic structures in the Galaxies. New mysteries are uncovered to understand how magnetic fields throughout galaxies affect star formation and galactic structure. New tools are creating 3-D maps. Dark Matter remains 85% of the undiscovered.
- 1879 - Fermi Bubbles and Radio Bursts? If we understood these bursts astronomers believe they could more accurately measure the distances throughout the Cosmos. New calculation could confirm the ratios of Dark Matter and Dark Energy. The Gamma Ray bubbles may give new insights into the formation of our galaxy.
- 1880 - Jupiter gets another visitor. By far our largest planet, still holds many mysteries. We will be visiting again with a spacecraft July , 2016. Here is some of what we know and what we hope to discover with the Juno Space Mission.
-- 1881 - Supernovae are like snowflakes. No two are alike. Yet, we try to use a special type of supernovae explosion as a “standard candle“, a known brightness that can be used to calculate distance. However, supernovae, in general, can be 100 times brighter and 100 times dimmer than the average supernovae explosion.
- 1882 - Could Blackholes explain Dark Matter? More evidence that an expanding Universe is accelerating, but, also that super massive Blackholes are suppressing new star formation. A new theory has galaxies embedded in a halo of Blackholes that could account for Dark Matter.
- 1883 - Fundamental particles and the 5th Force Carrier? Particles coming from the Sun. New fundamental particles and possibly a discovery of a 5th fundamental force carrier. May be our first glimpse into the composition of Dark Matter.
-1480 - Venus passed I front of the Sun on June 5, 2012. Called a transit, it will not do it again until 2117. Here is the math used to calculate how long the transit will last, 6.7 hours.
- 1884 - What we know about the expansion of the Universe? Making accurate distance measurements to stars and galaxies is an amazing challenge for astronomers. This review discusses how we got to what we think we know about the Universe’s expansion and what could be causing it.
- 1885 - Gravity a property of space and time? We are making new discoveries as science is just detecting gravity waves coming from merging Blackholes.
- 1886 - Schrödinger’s wave equation describes the atom. Equations have been the tool to derive and describe the fundamentals of Nature. Here are six of these equations growing from F=ma to the forces in the atom.
- 1887 - Galaxies galore - astronomers have mapped the positions and velocities of 8,000 galaxies reveling nested galactic structures of voids, sheets, filaments and nodes giving us a picture of the structure of the Universe.
- 1888 - What is the Universe made of? What we observe , know , and think we understand is less than 5% of what is out there. The research is accelerating to discover, what is Dark Matter?
- 1889 - Computer modeling and new extensive observations of our Milky Way Galaxy are telling us a story of galactic creation. The greatest mystery still is the you are here learning about it.
- 1890 - A supernova far away betrays Dark Matter. 9.5 billion lightyears away a supernova explodes and gravitational lensing is used to study the new dimensions of astronomy exposed by this event.
- 1891 - Blackholes are the evolution of natural stages in physics and astronomy. They are inevitable outcomes of interactions of mass and energy in the Universe. The mystery remains, what happens after the Blackhole?
- 1892 - Anti-matter. What is it ? Why is it? If the Big Bang was 100% energy and equal amounts of matter and anti-matter were created, how do we explain the dominants of matter in our Universe? Plus a few other mysterious forces yet to be explained.
- 1893 - The one year anniversary of our visit to the Dwarf Planet, Pluto. New Horizon spacecraft flew by Pluto July 14, 2015. Here are the noteworthy discoveries found in this far-away world.
- 1894 - Asteroid impacts in Earth‘s evolution and how a few mammals survived. Evolution over 4,600 million years and only the last 3 million years did we evolve to tell about it.
- 1895 - Everything in the Universe is in motion. It gets more complicated than you can imagine. Let’s start with our Milky Way and work our way around the Universe.
- 1896 - Astronomers are trying different methods to measure the accelerating expansion of the Universe. The hope is for new discoveries to point to the source of “Dark Energy” that is creating this repulsive force.
- 1897 - The mysterious Neutron Stars, Pulsars, and Quasars create radio bursts of energy that astronomers are still trying to explain.
- 1898 - A century of astronomy, hundreds of small steps for man, several giant leaps for mankind. Albert Einstein started it at beginning of the century. The space program follows for 100 years:
- 1899 - The cow jumped over the far-side of the Moon. The first sight of a new face for the world to see. What did we learn? That rainbows are only in your head.
- 1900 - How many moons are in our Solar System? What causes a moon to fall out of orbit? How can moons drift away or crash into their planet? What is the Roche Limit?
- 1901 - The moons in our Solar System. This Review is a summary of the moons around each of the eight planets and new Dwarf Planets. 182 moons discovered so far.
- 1902 - How the Moon uses the Conservation of Angular Momentum. The math involved.
- 1903 - Juno’s mission arriving at Jupiter. The spacecraft has only 20 months to send data from 9 instruments before the intense radiation destroys the electronics. What will we learn about the biggest planet and the evolution of our Solar System?
- 1904 - Studying the speed of light has lead to many new discoveries along the way. And, even to some new mysteries yet to be discovered, like Dark Energy and Dark Matter. It all started in the 1600’s with Ole Romer’s ingenious calculation.
- 1905 - Mars Explorations. Over 40 missions have been sent to Mars. 20 were successful in studying the Red Planet. This year the missions will get closer to the answer” “ Is there evidence of life on Mars? “
- 1906 - A century of astronomy, hundreds of small steps for man, several giant leaps for mankind. Albert Einstein started it at beginning of the century. The space program follows for 100 years:
- 1907 - Small steps in astronomy. Each year small changes occur that are astronomical given time. Here are a few small steps you may not have noticed.
- 1908 - Stars to Blackholes. How stars form? How they die and disappear? How some become Neutron Stars and some become Blackholes? How Blackholes merge to become the center of rotating galaxies? How can all this happen?
- 1909 - My lifetime in astronomy in review. Since 1941 I have been seeing stars in the night sky. Fortunately I happen to have been entering interesting times in astronomy. Here are seven decades in review for your reflection.
- 1910 - Looking back on the year 2016 to reflect on the missions and accomplishments in space exploration. There were many small steps into our Solar System thanks to unmanned robots.
- 1911 - Ceres the Dwarf Planet orbiting between Mars and Jupiter has the Dawn spacecraft been orbiting since March, 2015. Here is some of the stuff we have learned.
- 1912 - Exoplanets - Proxima b. Our nearest star system is Proxima Centura and it has its own solar system. It has at least 2 planets in orbit and one is in the “ habitable zone”. What have we learned after 16 years of studying this system?
- 1913 - Is gravity a universal force? Is it the same everywhere? Astronomers have measured light that has traveled a distance of 8,000,000,000 lightyears. Conclusion - the laws of physics are the same everywhere.
- 1914 - Entropy is the arrow of time. Thermodynamics is the fate of the Universe. Entropy always increases. It is the reason we can not build a machine with 100% efficiency. It is the reason the Universe will end as a cold, dark, vacuum of randomness.
- 1915 - Boltzmann’s Constant - Energy and Temperature Some very smart people in the 1800’s discovered the fundamental constants that define energy and temperature. Here are some of the basics of physics:
- 1916 - How big is our Solar System? New discoveries at the edge of the Solar System are causing renewed search for the answer. Is there a Planet 9 out there. There is something causing strange orbits.
- 1917 - How “ Entropy” controls the fate of the Universe? Entropy always increases, it never decreases in a system. Can science speculate scenarios for the future of the Universe and still hold to this law in physics?
- 1918 - Blackholes and Galaxies? How do galaxies evolve? Which came first the central Blackhole or the galaxy? Is there a direct correlation between the size of the central Blackhole and the size of the galaxy ?
- 1919 - How did planets form? Theory is that gas and dust orbiting the star (our Sun ) coalesced and multiple collisions created little planets ( planetesimals) that with further collisions created the large planets. Stars form into galaxies much the same way.
- 1920 - Space Missions in 2017. Here is what we are doing in space exploration this year…………
- 1921 - Particle Physics in the year 2016. Mysteries to solve in Gravity Waves, Higgs Bosons, Neutrinos, Dark Matter, Dark Energy, and Anti-Matter. Plus new ones unnamed.
- 1922 - Titan and Saturn Mission accomplishments. The 20 years space exploration of Saturn will end this September. There area some amazing videos at the website.
- 1923 - When will a big asteroid hit the Earth? What is the mission that will land a spacecraft on an asteroid and bring back a sample of its surface? This mission to also to determine the likelihood of it impacting Earth. It comes by every 6 years.
- 1924 - Visitors from outer space. Asteroids and supernovae affect life on Earth. Detective work is looking at the evidence. Did the asteroid that struck the Yucatan Peninsula kill off the dinosaurs? Did supernova 1987 affect life on Earth?
- 1925 - Venus our sister planet. What is it really like there? What are the “gravity waves” recently spotted in its upper atmosphere? What is the history and the math used to study the planet next door?
- 1926 - Cosmic Rays to Planetesimals. Cosmic Rays are not rays they are particles, atomic nuclei. Earth and your whole body are constantly being bombarded. These bombardments may have created all the diversity of life on Earth? This Review explains it all.
- 1927 - Cosmic Rays, are they a curse or are they a blessing? See Review #1926 about Cosmic Rays and Planetesimals. This review continues the discussion about Cosmic Rays
- 1928 - Rainbows are in your head. So is the stars you see and the Universe in your imagination. It all has to do with the speed of light and the bending of light.
- 1929 - Light is photons. But, what are photons. Really? We are learning more about them by sending light through a vacuum and observing interactions with quantum fluctuations. This might unleash the world’s most powerful energy source. The vacuum of space.
- 1930 - Gravity bends light. Using gravitational lensing around a galaxy cluster we can see back to the beginning of the Universe. Amazing! While the Universe is expanding at 49,306 miles per hour per million lightyears of space.
- 1931 - Time, it is about “time” that challenges our thinking. General Relativity changed our thinking about time. Math made it even worse. Something we take for granted sure gets complicated.
- 1932 - Supernova 1987 occurred in our neighboring small galaxy. It is still being studied today 30 years later. We are still trying to learn the physics of how a supernova explodes?
- 1933 - How big is our Solar System? Why doesn't the math work? New discoveries are making it bigger. Why does the math work on our Solar System but not work on the Galaxy? Dark Matter is the explanation.
- 1934 - Can Dark Matter make Blackholes? Gravity alone is not sufficient to create a Blackhole by itself. We also need the electromagnetic forces. We are discovering many new dwarf galaxies. Maybe these discoveries will lead us to the source of Dark Matter?
- 1935 - Math - How fast is that satellite traveling? What is orbital speed that does not depend on mass? What keeps the Moon in orbit? How does the math change with the orbit is elliptical and not a perfect circle? The answer, about 18,000 miles per hour.
- 1936 - Are there rogue Blackholes? Could primordial Blackholes be roaming our galaxy and could they explain the 26% of Dark Matter in the Universe? Massive Blackholes are at the center of most galaxies. Could smaller Blackholes be at the center of dwarf galaxies? Gravitational waves may be the new way to find some answers.
-1937 - How equations resulted from observations and inventing math. From violin strings to earthquakes to radio and the Moon? Equations get us into Relativity and Quantum Mechanics and they are still climbing into the mysteries of our world.
- 1938 - My favorite equations and who invented them. This review lists 10 all invented by Europeans. A short biography for each inventor, or are they discoverers?
The math is wondrous not in its complexity but in its simplicity. The simplest E=mc^2. Mass and Energy are the same thing.
- 1939 - Our political calendar. Beware the Ides of March and those politicians that meddle with our calendar, beyond just April 15. This review tells you how our calendar got so messed up. Like Trump says “it’s a mess“. No one paid any attention to astronomy or things would be simpler.
- 1940 - Time and evolution of the Universe. Could the Universe be a continuous cycle and we just happen to be in Phase two? How did the Universe phase transition begin? Measurements and math to expand your mind:
- 1941 - Time and the evolving Universe. Time is a variable, it is not a constant. It varies with speed and gravity. Our GPS systems would not work without these adjustments needed in distance calculations. The expanding Universe is expanding space-time giving us new mysteries to solve, 95% of the Universe is Dark Matter and Dark Energy.
- 1942 - What is the earliest life on Earth? When did it first arrive? What was the environment that allowed life to evolve? Could the same environment allow life to evolve on other planets and moons? Enceladus and Europa for example?
-1943 Computers will save the US Economy. Supercomputers in the hands of students and engineers will bring America a new industrial revolution. 2 learn: http://jdetrick.blogspot.com 4 # 1943. President Trump has the right idea.
-1944 - Discover of the Higgs Boson as the Field that creates mass in particles. 2 learn: http://jdetrick.blogspot.com $1944. What are Gluons, Quarks, and Bosons? Where does these theories come from? It is in the math!
- 1945 - Encryption is for everyone. Encryption is essential in this day and age. A lot goes on over the internet that you are unaware of. Credit-cards and bank accounts are protected. But, they can be “ hacked”. Government is very concerned because they too are vulnerable. Their ox has been gored.
- 1946 - Full Moon Daylight Savings. How do you measure the Moon in arc-seconds? How much do telescopes help to measure the diameter of stars? The diameter of planets? Get out your protractor and let’s find out, Sunday, March 12, 2017.
-1947 - Puzzles that astronomers find challenging. There are some really, really big problems for astronomers. The Universe is so mysterious. 2 learn: http://jdetrick.blogspot.com # 1947 , or request an e-mail copy.
- 1948 - Here are a few of the new innovations coming in 2017. New batteries, antibiotics, cryptography, robot surgery, satellite detection of poverty, cool clothes. Check out -------------- http://jdetrick.blogspot.com ----- for this review.
- 1949 - Cryptography - Quantum computers will change cryptography making it unhackable. Besides security there are dozens of other new applications under development. All new innovations using the photons of light.
- 1950 - Quantum Entanglement, new mysteries in science. How to explain the Universe? Science is not easy. The goal is to explain observation. Life is full of challenges and science doesn’t disappoint. The Quantum World s a new field of discovery
- 1951 - Critical Thinking about US Intelligence. What will it take for US Intelligence to guide President Trump through this maize of mis-information. What news is real? What predictions are well founded? Keep “ Government Intelligence from becoming an oxymoron. Wikileaks should not be our national archive
- 1952 - Equations are just another language to learn. Math is just too amazing for words, that is the reason we use numbers. But numbers can be strange. Especially Transcendental and Irrational numbers. Try to wrap your mind around it, on circumference divide by the diameter and you get “ pi”
- 1953 - - This review discusses the short hand languages of math and how they were invented to solve problems. Then, there is an index of other math Reviews that are available upon request.
- 1954 - Critical Thinking. How to have it? This was s Stanford University course. It is an organized way of thinking about a problem and making a decision. Follow these rules. Think before you act. You always have 2 decisions to make “ what” to do, then “how” best to do it.
- 1955 - Decisions - How to make better decisions and better choices. - We all jealously guard our right to choose. But, how can we make better choices? Choices are central to the individual and the essence of freedom. Good decision require the right balance between emotions and rationality. Either one alone will get you in trouble.
- 1956 - The complete problem solver. If you cannot solve your problem with this Review, then booze is the only answer. Then if you can’t keep up , take notes
- 1957 - Weird Science - Quantum Entanglement is just one of several new discoveries weird science. And, what is causing space to expand? What is it expanding into. Read this Review to find out, you will be expanding the space between your ears.
- 1958 - Computer design and applications in the medical field. Where is the limit to smaller, faster, cheaper, more powerful computers? How will they be used in the field of medicine?
- 1959 - Weights and measures and Metric Standards. We need standards to measure against. Keeping up with technology is a challenge in physics. A pints a pound the world around. But, you need a kilogram measured to a few parts per billion to be certain that is true.
- 1960 - Surviving Fake News, How to survive the storm of daily fake news, political hacking, fraudulent elections, internet and newspaper, TV bias. Critical Thinking is the best think you can bring to the game and to the ballot box.
- 1961 - Russian Space Station - MIR 1986 to 1999 this space station was home for Russian and US astronauts. What was it like. You may be surprised. It took bravery beyond belief.
- 1962 - The human brain, is a challenge for physics to explain down to the level of quantum mechanics. At the same time into meta physics and deep into philosophy. (Metaphysics = abstract theory with no basis in reality.) We are navigating the narrow path between solid ground and the edge of a swamp
- 1963 - Math - Fibonacci’s sequence. This is a great story about a profound theory in Mathematics that was invented in 1202 by Leonardo Pisano. It includes the Golden Ratio that was used by Leonardo da Vinci.
- 1964 - Politics: Trump versus Putin. Donald Trump is a fish in new waters. He is learning how to navigate the strange currents in Washington DC.
- 1965 - INVENTIONS - by accident. You would be surprised how many inventions happen by accident. The trick is to be always paying attention, be thinking, have limitless curiosity. Why? How?
- 1966 - Math - the easy way. School teachers need all the tricks in the world to stay ahead of those young, energetic, expanding minds. Here are a few tricks that will be stretching their thinking caps.
- 1967 - Diet versus Exercise. Why physical activity does little to control weight?. How does a California couch potato calorie burns compare to an Africa hunter - gatherer? Does your DNA have anything to do with choice you should make, diet or exercise?
- 1968 - Lessons in science. Key steps to success in achieving new discoveries. Learn from the ancients and stand on the shoulders of giants. First become a student and a teacher will come. Being wrong is a major part of the learning process, especially in science.
- 1969 - Sweden’s New Government. Sweden has put its government house in order (mostly, still some ways to go) They have abandoned left and right ideology and focused on practicality. It is working
- 1970 - Jim’s Biography and the Detrick Lineage. These are happenings in my life that I think are special enough for sharing. Mostly with a sense of humor. Random dates as I remember them. Pages 1 and 2 and 3 and with several more pages to follow:
- 1971 - Jim’s Biography and the Detrick Lineage. Happenings in my life I think are special enough for sharing. Random dates as I remember them. Pages 7 and 8 and 9 of several more that follow. Will send only if you request them.
- 1973 - Jim’s Biography and the Detrick Lineage. Happenings in my life I think are special enough for sharing. Random dates as I remember them. Pages 10 and 11 and 12 of a few more that could follow. Will send only if you request them.
- 1974 - Calculus does only two things. It is not complicated. But, academics make it so, Sorry! All my math professors were in the weeds. They had no clue how to teach a subject. They tried to make it complicated in order to intimidate you and make themselves feel important. If you make it simple it is simple to understand. “You can understand if you care”. The two things Calculus does is Differentiation and Integration. These are big words, but very simple ideas. Differentiation simply means division , or ratio, or the ”rate of change” of one variable versus another. Integration simply means multiplication or a summation of a bunch of multiplications.
- How many stars can you count on a clear night. I sure you would estimate several thousand. Astronomers have been fascinated with counting the stars for centuries. Over recent decades they have even developed a mathematical formula for calculating the number of stars you can see.
- 1977 - Teaching the Government Powers of Ten . This Review was using data from 1970. That was what was available at this time. Government spending was bad then. Now add 10 more years. Here is how the government debt added up for each taxpayer in 1970.
-1978 - Gravity - how does it happen? Gravity was first defined in math in 1666. The definition was totally changed with space-time in 1915. New discoveries are extending the mystery with Dark Matter and modified math for gravity. Request #1978 to learn more.
-1979 - The circle is the perfect figure. The sphere is the perfect geometry. How and why did nature do it so well. This review reports on astronomical measurements that give us other nature’s secrets. Request Review #1979 to learn about circle and spheres in astronomy.
- 1980 - NASA mission innovations. Why continue funding NASA with the big bucks? It is not just for the mission achievements that make history. It is also for the fall-outs that come out of the innovations needed to accomplish the mission. Request #1980 to learn some of these innovations you are sure to recognize.
- 1981 - Gravity bending light. What is the history of this discovery? How did astronomers prove that light has mass and gravity will pull and curve its path? Light travels with zero mass at 186,000 miles per second. But light has energy and mass and energy are two forms of the same thing. Therefore the force of gravity can move it. Or, if you prefer the curvature of space-time will make it appear to travel in a curved path. You can skip the math at the end of this review at your pleasure.
-- 1982 - Quantum Physics of Determinism. Our natural world is deterministic yet the building blocks that make it up are indeterministic, totally acting at random? How can this randomness determine life, reality? At micro level it is random, probabilistic , yet, at the macro level determinism exists? Do things happen only at the point of observation?
- 1983 - The Big Bang theory is the best science we have to explain the Universes’ existence. But, it can not explain the life that is reading this and trying to understand it. Our science today needs to create everything from “nothing“. Therefore, we need equal amounts of matter and anti-matter that could come out of pure energy. Of course, where did the pure energy come from? This review tells of many of today’s experiments working to learn the answers.
- 1984 - Delving into Extreme Physics. This will challenge your imagination trying to decide, “what is reality”? What is real versus what is perceived? What really happens in the micro-world and the macro-world?
- 1985 - Time - is a fundamental concept that Quantum Mechanics and General Relativity disagree about. We perceive time so we can see those constantly changing snap shots of space. Time always moves towards greater disorder, randomness. Space and time both depend on motion. This is how General Relativity affects time.
- 1986 - Space is what separates things? Time is what God created to keep everything from happening all at once. Space is what He created from everything being squeezed into a single dot. That is called as Singularity. Space started expanding from that dot 13,800,000,000 years ago. Space is not nothing and today it is expanding at an ever increasing rate.
- 1987- Shollenberger Park Bird Sanctuary - From Santa Rosa head to San Francisco south on Highway 101. Just before you cross the Petaluma River turn left down Lakeville Highway and then right back to the River. There you will find Shollenberger Park Bird Sanctuary, ( and the Rocky Memorial Dog Park.)
- 1988 - Socrates was a great teacher. His method of teaching was not to lecture, not to answer questions. But, more simply to return a more thoughtful question for every question asked. This would allow self-discovery in the pursuit of knowledge. Teaching how to learn.
- 1989 - Nanotechnology from Chemistry to Biology. The computer technology is advancing into smaller and smaller architectures. Where is the limit? What are new alternatives that can extend past the limit? Can chemistry really become biology?
- 1990 - Light up your brain with new knowledge. Here are interesting facts about the light of day. Just seeing it uses half your brain. Light started 13.8 billion years ago. Today it is microwave energy filling the Universe. Visible light occupies only one ten billionth of the total light spectrum.
- 1991 - What are the odds you are able to read this? Many things have had to come together just right. This review will suggest a few of the amazing odds you have overcome. What are the odds we even exist? Nature’s physical constants are just right for life. The Universe exploded giving you just what you need to live.
- 1992 - Time, it is about “time” that challenges our thinking. General Relativity changed our thinking about time? Math made it even worse? Something we take for granted sure gets complicated. Other reviews listed at the end if you have time to read more.
- 1993 - Surviving Fake News, How to survive the storm of daily fake news, political hacking, fraudulent elections, internet , newspaper, and TV bias. Critical Thinking is the best “think” you can bring to the game and to the ballot box.
- 1994 - How many galaxies can we count in the Observable Universe? Answer at the end of this review. The further back in time the telescope looks the earlier and earlier Universe we can see. What’s new is that astronomers are seeing baby universes. Ones that later merged into the galaxies we see up close today. What is Olber’s Parodox?
- 1995 - The Natural Constants. How our physical world depends on constants in nature that are unchangeable throughout the Universe. How can we measure or derive these constants mathematically? How can we learn what they mean? Change just slightly and our Universe would not exist and you would not be reading this.
-1996 - Grandpa’s Laws - There are 4 ways to analyze the situation. Either they are what they appear to be, or they are not what they appear to be, or, they neither are nor appear to be, or they are not, yet appear to be. Have you ever thought what it would be like if there were not hypothetical situations? Here are Grandpa’s laws of physics:
- 1997 - - The automobile plant in Auburn ,Indiana, my hometown, built and sold 3 models of cars in the “Roaring 1920’s“, the Auburn, Cord , and Duesenberg. I knew the test car driver that approved each car that came off the assembly line. My Dad hung differentials and polished lacquer finishes when he worked there. The factory’s brick building is now the town’s museum.
- 1998 Understanding Yourself - The Remarkable Brain. If the brain were simple enough to understand we would all be too simple to figure it out. Serotonin is the brain’s “ don’t worry “, happy chemical. Noradrenalin is a biochemical providing the opposite effect of serotonin. Moral lessons from Mom and Dad infuse morality into your brain. . Regardless of our environment, or our situation, our human brain can always choose how to respond to it.
- 1999 - Success in life is a mindset. So is raising or teaching kids. . The mindset is believing you can improve with practice and hard work rather than thinking that talent is something fixed. The growth mindset is what makes a difference in a kid’s education. . Learn about the Pygmalion Effect. Everyone is a teacher whether they realize it or not.
- 2000 -These reviews are available in print or email. Business, economics, marketing in 3 binders. Astronomy reviews in 20 binders with lots of pictures. You can borrow binders. You can send me review number and I can email. Or, go on http://jdetrick.blogspot.com. The purpose is to learn pearls of wisdom efficiently, it takes 8 hours to read a book, write a review of pearls discovered, email is miraculous way to pass it along, a 10 minute read at 98% efficiency. Delete button is perfect solution any time you want. Reading reviews is as close to perpetual motion efficiency as you can get and still obey the laws of physics. Pass along to any young mind that is interested. Jim
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