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---------------------------- - 2347 - The Island Universe
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- We had dispelled the idea of an ether in space as a medium for the transmission of light. But, we thought all the starlight came from our galaxy. We were quick learners because in a flash of the cosmic scale, a mere 100 years, we have since found more than 400,000,000,000 galaxies besides our Milky Way.
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- We have learned that this Observerable Universe of galaxies is moving away from us. It is leaving at an accelerating rate. Someday it will be out of sight and we will again be an “Island Universe”.
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- Astronomers who study the Universe are fast losing all of their data for more study. When the horizon disappears so do all traces of our origin. Once the Observerable Universe is out of sight we have no way to study the Big Bang, or the accelerating Universe itself.
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- So, we had better figure things out while we can still see the evidence. To account for this anti-gravity expansion rate, space must have three times as much energy as all the cosmic structures we can see. We call it Dark Energy.
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- The exception to the galactic expansion is our own Local Group of galaxies, and others of similar clustering. The Milky Way, Andromeda, and the some twenty dwarf galaxies in our Local Group will collapse under the strength of gravity into a single galaxy, or super cluster of stars.
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- The matter in our immediate neighborhood creates a gravitational force that is stronger than the expansion force, that we call Dark Energy. Just as the electromagnetic force holding the atoms in your body together is stronger and prevents you from expanding with the cosmos.
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- However, out there in wide open space gravity becomes the weaker force and the galaxies are spreading apart with the expanding space between them. Not only are they expanding apart, the expansion rate is accelerating due to the Dark Energy in space. In 100,000,000,000 years these galaxies will be beyond our horizon of observation.
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- Astronomers in these times living in the super cluster of stars will have to find other work. There will be nothing left to see outside of our neighborhood. We will be an Island Universe inside a larger, empty, static, void.
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- Today astronomers are measuring redshifts of receding distant galaxies of 6 to 10. Redshifts, meaning the wavelengths of light have lengthened by 6 to 10 times as they travel through expanding space. In 100 billion years these redshifts will be 5,000.
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- Objects will have their light redshifted to such large wavelengths as to be undetectable. For us all the expanding matter and creators of light will have visually disappeared beyond the horizon. All that remains inside this Black Hole is a gravity bound cluster of stars, yet to be named, alias Milky Way / Andromeda.
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- The Cosmic Microwave Background radiation will have redshifted from microwave wavelengths to radio wavelengths. And, the CMB intensity will be 0.000000000001 the strength it is today. It will be too small to detect. And, even if we could detect it, it would not penetrate the interstellar gas in space.
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- Just like radio waves in the 1 kilohertz frequency range or 300 meter wavelength range bounce off the ionosphere on Earth as AM radio so will the CMB bounce off the interstellar gas in space. We will never detect it because it could not travel very far in space.
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- The Universe is constantly changing its composition. When it started out in the first 3 minutes there were mostly protons and electrons and they combined to form 76% hydrogen and 24% helium.
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- Today we live in a Universe that is 70% hydrogen, 28% helium, and 2% other elements that include us. If we are around in a trillion years it will be 20% hydrogen, 60% helium, and 20% the heavier elements. That is because many stars have died and blown up during that time.
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- Now, these percentages are only for atoms of ordinary matter. Matter that we are familiar with. There is still 74% Dark Energy and 22% Dark Matter leaving only 4% of ordinary matter that we are familiar with.
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- In another sense we are an “Island Universe” inside Dark Energy and Dark Matter that make up 96% of the Universe. We can’t seem to get off the Island.
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- April 28, 2019. 921
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--------------------- Sunday, April 28, 2019 -------------------------
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