- 2426 - LIFE - Exploding stars create life , and destroy life. Our galaxy is big and mostly empty space, but it harbors millions of blackholes that are remnants of supernovas and collapsing stars. When a giant star burns all it’s fuel, no heat remains to create the pressure withstanding the compression of gravity. The force of gravity collapses the stars mass into a singularity at the center of a blackhole. These creators of life are every where.
- 2427 - ASTRONOMY - A New Astronomy. - The new astronomy keeps coming up with new ways to study the Universe using the information in electromagnetic radiation. Astronomers today are not limited to electromagnetic photons. Use is being made of neutrinos and gravitons, gravity waves, to make new discoveries in the Universe.
- 2428 - COSMOLOGICAL CONSTANT - - The Cosmological Constant was invented by Albert Einstein. When he was thinking about gravity and the birth of the Universe, he could not see how , if gravity were the only force working over long distances, the Universe would not stop expanding and begin contracting into a “ Big Crunch.
- 2429 - DRAGONFLIES - we have a lot more to learn ? Wetlands are disappearing fast and biologists are concerned that more than 100 species of dragonflies and damselflies are endangered.
- 2430 - DARK ENERGY and Cosmic Inflation. Something is expanding our Universe at an every faster rate. Astronomers call it Dark Energy but that is name only, astronomers do not know what it is. Dark Energy could be a force carrying particle like photons, or gravitons. It could be an energy field that is some form of anti-gravity. Or, it could be something else entirely. We don’t know.
- 2431 - COSMIC LADDER - the distance to the stars. - How can we possibly measure distances to faraway galaxies? One technique is to use the redshift of light. Measuring distances is the most difficult and challenging things that astronomers do. Astronomers measure distances using stepping stones to reach farther and farther into the Cosmos. Each step is a step on the distance ladder.
- 2432 - UNIVERSE - expanding space. If you were born when the Universe was ten times its current age, our local group of galaxies would merge into one and would be the only galaxy you could see in the Universe for trillions of light years.
- 2433 - DARK MATTER and Black Holes. Astronomy is moving so fast it is hard to keep up. Satellites and space probes are numerous and going out in space exploration in all directions. They are making cutting-edge astronomical observations all the time. At the same time, we are pushing the frontier of atomic physics.
- 2434 - NUCLEAR ENERGY - Nuclear Energy is ready for a comeback in the US after 30 years in dormancy. The US does not have the money, not the expertise, not the engineers, not the teachers but other nations do and we are teaming up to make a nuclear comeback.
- 2435 - CONSTANTS - the constants of nature. We think there are only 31 Constants of Nature, but 3 are especially important in adding totally new dimensions to our understanding of the Universe. These are the constants of gravity, the speed of light, and the quantum, as in Quantum Mechanics.
- 2436 - GALAXIES - what rotating galaxies tell us? The conclusion is that most of what contributes to the galaxy’s weight does not shine. We call it “Dark Matter“. The weight of Dark Matter is 10 times greater than the weight of what we see. (Do not believe “truth” without evidence. Is 95% of the Universe really Dark Matter?)
- 2437 - COFFEE - my morning coffee . Where did your morning coffee come from? You may be surprised? It is not just Starbucks.
- 2438 - GRAVITY - traveling at the speed of light? If the Sun went dark instantaneously we would not know it until 8 minutes later., when the last bit of light reached us. The same delay would occur with gravity. If the Sun disappeared altogether the Earth would continue to orbit for another 8 minutes before it would shoot off into space in a straight line.
- 2439 - UNIVERSE - discovering the expansion? One of the biggest scientific surprises in astronomy was the recent discovery that space itself is expanding. And, expanding the Universe at an ever increase rate. Distant galaxies recede from us and from one another more quickly than the nearby ones, as though the fabric of space itself is being stretched by some dark form of energy.
- 2440 - BIG BANG to today? - From the Big Bang to today covers a lot territory. And it covers 13,700,000,000 years of time. In the beginning, there was nothing. Then, around 13.7 billion years ago, the universe formed. We still don't know the exact conditions under which this happened, but here is the sequence of events as best we believe happened.
- 2441 - EARTH - an Amazing Place? These are interesting facts about Mother Earth. Some are so amazing they are hard to comprehend. You lucked out!
- 2442 - MICROBES - the simplest life on Earth? The complexity life is not just with us humans. Many other life forms from the octopus to the microbes show us adaptation far beyond our imagination. But, we are learning more. And, not just for our planet only.
- 2443 - CALENDAR - since 1941. A lot has happened in the last 78 years. Here are a few notes from my diary. It starts with the Universal calendar at just under 15 billion years since the birth of the Universe.
- 2444 - COSMOLOGY - The History of the Universe? - Cosmology is the study of the evolution of the Universe. It started with the Greeks when their Universe was the Solar System and the stars. Cosmology changed drastically when Einstein proposed his theory of matter, energy, and gravity in 1905 and Hubble discovered galaxies outside our Milky Way that were speeding away from us.
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------------------------- Monday, September 23, 2019 --------------------------------
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