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------------------------------------ 2450 - MOON - new analysis 50 years later.
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- See a previous Review 2445 - The Far - Side of the Moon, for information on the earlier Apollo discoveries. The first sight of a new face for the world to see. The Moon’s formation occurred 4.6 billion years ago when two planets occupied the same orbit around the Sun collided in a grazing angle. The ejected material formed Saturn-like rings around Earth. Over thousands of years these rings accreted into a huge mass of orbiting particle eventually forming the Moon we have today.
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- Measuring the new samples that were stored away for 50 years allowed the scientist to place the age of the Moon to be just 60 million years after the formation of he Solar System some 4.5 billion years ago. This places the birth of the Moon at about the same time when the planets were formed.
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- Measurements of the mass and the radius of the Moon allowed the calculation of the average density. The density is surprisingly low compared to that of the Earth. There is almost now iron at the core of the Moon. In contrast about 30% of the Earth’s mass in its iron core.
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- Analysis of the surface rocks concluded the Moon has remarkably similar concentrations of oxygen. In contrast meteorites originating from Mars and the Asteroid Belt have significantly different concentrations of oxygen.
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- Lunar rocks are more depleted of the volatile elements that vaporize easily. Therefore the Moon must have formed at very high temperatures.
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- The gravitational tugs , or tidal forces, caused the Moon’s orbit to spiral outward over time. Apollo missions placed radar reflectors on the surface of the Moon. Distance measurements over time have determined that the Moon is still moving away from us at 1.5 inches per year.
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- Material that formed the Moon originally came from then outer layers of the Earth. This was likely the result of a giant impact with another orbiting body shortly after the Earth was formed. This impact would also explain Earth’s more rapid rotation.
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- The new computer models have evolved to simulate a low velocity collision at a 45 degree angle with a mass about the size of Mars that would place in orbit enough mass to form the Moon. At the time the rapidly spinning Earth would have the equivalent of a 5 hour day. Over billions of years the tidal interactions between the Moon and the Earth have slowed the Earth’s spin to a 24 hour day.
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- At the same time the orbital distance to the Moon expanded to its present 240,000 miles.
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- The object that collided with the early Earth was give the name Theia. Theia’s composition must have been very similar to that of the Earth. We also likely shared the same orbit from the Sun.
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- We still have more to learn how the Moon came to be. Something to think about next time you see our closest neighbor in the sky.
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- The Full Moonlight is 400,000 times dimmer than Sunlight. This is not intuitive because our eyes protect us from huge brightness changes. The 6th magnitude stars mark the lower limits of human visual experience. The upper limits is 9 trillion times brighter.
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- We only see dimness in black and white. With more light intensity we can see colors. But, these colors only occur in our brains. The photons are only electromagnetic pulses. They have neither luminosity or color. Just as magnetism and electricity is not visible, neither are photons. Instead photons deliver an electromagnetic force that excite the cells in the back of the eye. The impulses for these cells produce the subjective perception of light and color. That is why the rainbow of colors occurs strictly inside your head.
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- The photons originated in the Sun. The brightness of the Sun is 400 trillion, trillion watts. What reaches us is only 1,000 watts per square meter. The photons do not come from the Sun’s disk that we see. Instead the inner most core , 1/200th of the volume , produces photons in the center compact fusion generator. The outer edge is the photosphere where these photons are released. This edge is only a few hundred miles thick.
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- Eight minutes later the photons show up on Earth. But, none turn in to colored light until your brain does it for us. The energy of the photons depends on the frequency of the photon oscillations. Higher frequencies carry more energy. The frequency also controls the color the eyes detect and the brain registers. The frequencies increase from red light to blue light. The rainbows are only in your head
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- Other reviews available on this subject:
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- 2241 - Some Moon eclipse party trivia. Happened December 20 , 2019.
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- 1902 - The Moon and angular momentum.
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- 1901 - Other moons around the planets.
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- 1900 - Moons in our Solar System. Totals 161.
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- 1704 - There are two sides to get a Full Moon. The size of the Moon is 27% the size of the Earth. However, the Moon is only 1.2% the mass of the Earth. To get a rocket to leave the Moon it needs to accelerate to only 5,400 miles per hour.
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- 1681 - Enceladus and Europa might support life? We have 173 moons orbiting our 8 planets. Over 150 asteroids also have orbiting satellites.
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- 1678 - Moon history from the beginning. The Moon has almost no atmosphere. You can count catering yourself on website “NASA Lunar Reconnaissance Orbiter” www.moonzoo.org The Moon is 250,000 miles away but these images are from only 400 miles away.
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- 1450 - Full Moon on Doug’s birthday.
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- 1291 - Two Moons over Miami. The early Universe was a chaotic place.
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- 1243 - What is behind the Man in the Moon? As the Moon cooled it preserved some water in the form of hydroxyl. The Moon is spiraling away in its orbit 1.5 inches each year.
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- 1651 - Moon may be the best habitats for life.
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- 64 - What you did not know about our Moon.
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- October 17, 2019 2450
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-------------------- Thursday, October 17, 2019 --------------------------------
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