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---------------------- 2763 - CANON BALL - star that is leaving the galaxy?
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- The Neutron Star is only 10 miles in diameter and it is 7,000 lightyears away. There is no way astronomers could see it in visible light. They can see it in X-ray light. The star has so much energy it is emitting powerful X-ray radiation detected by our X-ray satellite telescope, named Chandra.
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- Astronomers have tracked the star since December 1999. The distance traveled in 5 years meant it had a velocity of 3,000,000 miles per hour. It is 20 lightyears away from where it started.
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- Astronomers have found a large gaseous cloud, mostly oxygen, traveling in the opposite direction. Their proposal is that a large supernova exploded in a lop-sided manner and kicked the Neutron Star core in one direction while much of the gaseous debris from the explosion got kicked in the other direction.
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- The physics required is the Conservation of Energy, one component of this law is the Conservation of Momentum. Momentum is the mass times the velocity of the Neutron Star must equal the mass times the velocity of the Oxygen Cloud. Astronomers are struggling with the math because they can not believe there is a canon that exists that is that strong.
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- When a star explodes as a supernova it will have a core Neutron Star if its mass begins between 6 to 25 Solar Mass and the remaining core is 1.4 to 3.0 Solar Mass. Most of the mass is lost in the explosion being spread into interstellar space.
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- If the star is greater than 26 Solar Mass and up to 120 Solar Mass and its core is greater than 3.0 Solar Mass afterwards then the core becomes a Black Hole. But, these calculations are for a symmetrical explosion. What happens with a lop-sided explosion.? Maybe, a much larger star can explode and still end up with a Neutron Star?
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- A Neutron Star is between 1.4 and 3.0 Solar Mass yet it is collapsed into a volume having a diameter of only 10 miles. It is as dense as a nucleus of an atom.
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- When you pick up a rock you are holding mostly empty space. Your hand and your entire body is mostly empty space. The force that you feel with the weight of the rock on your hand is the electromagnetic force between the electrons and the protons of the atoms in the rock and in your hand.
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- If you could crush the electrons into the nucleus of protons, removing all the empty space, and creating the neutrons in the core then you have created a Neutron Star. If the rock started out the size of a football stadium, compressed to neutrons it would be the size of a grain of sand and still weigh 4,000,000 tons.
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- In the case of our Neutron Star created by the supernova that is what happens. The immense force of gravity is no longer able to sustain the dying star that has burned all its nuclear fuel. The gravity crushes all the atoms into neutrons.
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- One of the complications in calculating with the Conservation of Energy is that energy, although it can not be created nor destroyed, it can take on many forms. In addition to the kinetic energy of the speeding star the Neutron Star is spinning and maintains a Conservation of Angular Momentum.
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- The spinning star can support some spinning charged particles that can create an immense magnetic field of energy. Magnetic forces can be generated that are a 10^15 times greater than the magnetic field on Earth. The magnetic field on a Neutron Star can get so great that star-quakes occur on the surface causing immense X-ray bursts.
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- The rotating magnetic fields can also create electric fields with potentials up to 10^15 volts of energy. These lightning bolts would be 3.000,000 times more powerful than those on Earth. The lightning would create deadly blizzards of high energy particles flying across the electric fields.
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- High energy particles following the magnetic field lines can produce jets, or beams, of radiating energies exiting from the magnetic poles. If the poles are off axis the rotating Neutron Star can act as a lighthouse flashing the beam in a circle across the sky. When Earth intercepts a passing beam it appears as a periodic pulse of energy. These Neutron Stars are called “Pulsars“. About 1.000 Pulsars have been observed and recorded.
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- Rotation powered Pulsars have out-flowing matter striking interstellar gas and causing X-ray emissions. Rotating Neutron Stars can also have accretion disks with in-flowing matter that heats up and also creates powerful X-rays.
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- This Canon Ball Neutron Star is emitting X-rays that allow us to track it and calculate its speed. But, how do they know that at 3 million mph it is going fast enough to escape the Milky Way?
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----------- The answer lies in the tug of war between the two forms of energy, the kinetic energy of the speeding bullet and the gravitational potential energy of the mass of the Milky Way galaxy.
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----------------- Kinetic Energy is ½ mass * velocity^2.
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-------------------Potential Energy is G*mass*Mass /radius.
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- If we set these two equations equal to each other and calculate the velocity we know that any velocity higher than that number will escape the pull of gravity.
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------------ Kinetic Energy = Potential Energy
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------------ ½ m*v^2 = G * m * M /r
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------------ Where G is the constant of gravity = 6.7*10^-11
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------------ Where M is the mass of the galaxy = 2,000 billion Solar Mass = 2*10^12*2*10^30 = 4*10^42 kilograms
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------------ Where “r” is the radius of the galaxy = 5*10^21 meters.
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------------ velocity = “v” = 732,000 miles per hour.
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- So, the conclusion is that the Canon Ball Neutron Star is going four times faster than the escape velocity for the Milky Way. It will leave us in a few million years and shoot through intergalactic space.
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- June 21, 2020 861 2763
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--------------------- Sunday, June 21, 2020 -------------------------
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