- 2934 - - FRAGMENTS OF ENERGY - new theory for spacetime? For decades I have been learning about the disagreement between the two theories of science Einstein’s spacetime Theory of Relativity versus Quantum Mechanics descriptions of how an atom works. One works with big dimensions the other works only with the smallest dimensions. We need a theory of everything:
------------------ 2934 - FRAGMENTS OF ENERGY - new theory for spacetime
- Here is a theory that finally brings the two together. The theory of “Fragments of Energy”.
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- Matter is what makes up the universe, but what makes up matter? Matter is not made of particles or waves but more fundamentally that matter is made of fragments of energy.
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- The ancient Greeks conceived of five building blocks of matter, earth, water, air, fire and aether. Aether was the matter that filled the heavens and explained the rotation of the stars, as observed from the Earth vantage point. These were the first most basic elements from which one could build up a world. Their conceptions of the physical elements did not change dramatically for nearly 2,000 years.
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- Then, about 300 years ago, Sir Isaac Newton introduced the idea that all matter exists at points called “particles“. One hundred fifty years after that, James Clerk Maxwell introduced the electromagnetic wave, the underlying form of magnetism, electricity and light.
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- The particle served as the building block for mechanics and the wave for electromagnetism. The particle and the wave became the two building blocks of matter.
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- Sir Issac Newton is credited with developing this “particle theory“. This was a vast improvement over the ancient Greeks’ five elements, but was still flawed. In a famous series of experiments, known as the double-slit experiments, light sometimes acts like a particle and at other times acts like a wave.
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- While the theories and math of waves and particles allow scientists to make incredibly accurate predictions about the universe, the rules break down at the largest and tiniest scales.
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- The Theory of Relativity works for the largest scales. The theory of Quantum Mechanics for the tiniest scales. Neither will work in the other’s dimensions. We do not know why the math will not work in both of these dimensions?
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- Einstein proposed a remedy in his ‘theory of general relativity“. Using the mathematical tools available to him at the time, Einstein was able to better explain certain physical phenomena and also resolve a longstanding paradox relating to inertia and gravity. But instead of improving on “particles or waves“, he eliminated them as he proposed the warping of “space and time“.
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- Scientists understand that particles and waves are existential opposites: A particle is a source of matter that exists at a single point, and waves exist everywhere except at the points that create them. There must be an underlying connection between them. This new theory of “fragments of energy” begins with a new fundamental idea that energy always “flows” through regions of space and time.
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- Think of energy as made up of lines that fill up a region of space and time, flowing into and out of that region, never beginning, never ending and never crossing one another.
Working from the idea of a universe of flowing energy lines, the new math offered a single building block for the flowing energy. This new math could be used it to accurately make predictions about the universe at the largest and tiniest scales.
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- The new math uses a building block that looks like a concentration of energy, kind of like a star, having energy that is highest at the center and that gets smaller farther away from the center.
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- There are only a limited number of ways to describe a concentration of energy that flows. The one that works in accordance with the mathematical definition of “flow“. was named a “fragment of energy“.
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- More than 100 ago, Einstein had turned to two legendary problems in physics to validate general relativity: the ever-so-slight yearly shift, or precession, in Mercury’s orbit, and the tiny bending of light as it passes the Sun.
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- These problems were at the two extremes of the size spectrum. Neither wave nor particle theories of matter could solve them, but general relativity did. The theory of general relativity warped space and time in such way as to cause the trajectory of Mercury to shift and light to bend in precisely the amounts seen in astronomical observations.
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- If this new theory was to have a chance at replacing the “particle and the wave theory” with the presumably more fundamental “fragment of energy theory“, it would have to be able to solve these same problems too.
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- For the precession-of-Mercury problem the Sun was modeled as an enormous stationary fragment of energy and Mercury as a smaller but still enormous slow-moving fragment of energy. For the bending-of-light problem the photon was modeled as a minuscule fragment of energy moving at the speed of light.
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- The calculated trajectories of the moving fragments in the model got the same answers as those predicted by the theory of general relativity. This demonstrated how a new building block is capable of accurately modeling bodies from the enormous to the minuscule.
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- The Fragments of Energy theory successfully combines the ideas of particles and waves into a concentration of energy that flows throughout space and time. Fragments of energy, rather than waves or particles, may be the fundamental building blocks of the universe.
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- The bedrock of this theory is the foundational idea that energy is always flowing through space and time. Think of energy as lines that enter and exit a region of space, never crossing each other, and with no beginning or end point.
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- Separating matter into both particles and waves made predictions easier for physicists because they could easily describe the behavior of particles and waves. Early in the 20th century, the famous double-slit experiment showed that particles and waves weren't nearly as distinct as we previously thought. The experiment revealed that particles, at times, could act like waves, and light could sometimes act like particles.
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- Around the same time minds were exploding over the wave-particle duality of matter, Albert Einstein was formulating his theory of general relativity, which describes how warping the fabric of space and time causes gravity. Together, the discoveries shaped the course of modern physics, but the connections between the two phenomena remain unclear.
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- Instead of basing the theory on the warping of space and time, consider that there could be a building block that is more fundamental than the particle and the wave. Their answer is a “fragment of energy“.
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- The fragment of energy is like a lot like stars in a distant galaxy. From afar, a galaxy looks like a bright glow of light radiating outwards. But on closer inspection, astronomers can resolve individual stars making up the galaxy. In the same sense, the fragment of energy represents a concentration of energy that flows and dissipates outward, away from the center.
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- Einstein’s “theory of general relativity” was confirmed by two observations made by astronomers. The first was a tiny annual shift in the orbit of Mercury. Einstein accurately predicted that the curvature of spacetime caused by the mass of the sun would cause Mercury's orbit to wobble over time. The second was the bending of light as it passes across warped space and time near to the sun.
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- To solve the Mercury problem, he new theory modeled the sun as a massive fragment of energy, with Mercury as a smaller fragment of energy orbiting around it. In the bending of light problem, the sun was modeled identically, but the light was modeled as a massless point traveling at the speed of light (a photon). After calculating the paths of the moving fragments of energy, the researchers got the same answers as Einstein.
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- The solutions show how effective their new building block can be at modeling the behavior of matter from the micro to macroscopic scale. Although their formulation may not exactly change physics like the discoveries of Maxwell and Einstein, the theory could make the wave-particle duality of matter more intuitive, and give a new way of thinking about the universe.
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- December 11, 2020 FRAGMENTS OF ENERGY 2934
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