- 3501 - ATOMS - Avogadro’s Number of atoms? Avogadro came up with his theory realizing that the amount of material in a gas cylinder depending on volume, pressure and temperature. Holding Temperature constant the Volume is proportional to 1 / Pressure. There are as many oxygen atoms in a single breath as there are breaths in all of Earth’s atmosphere.
--------------------- 3501 - ATOMS - Avogadro’s Number of atoms?
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- How many atoms will fit n the head of a pin?
- How many atoms in a single breath of air?
- There are as many oxygen atoms in a single breath as there are breaths in all of Earth’s atmosphere.
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- Avogadro had the answer to this question in the year 1811. I’m still working on it in 2022.
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- Amedeo Avogadro came up with a theory and a number that has the answer. Avogadro (1776 - 1856) was born in Turin, Italy. He was a lawyer in a family of lawyers, but, Avogadro turned to science as his later career. He wrote this theory in 1811 when he was 35 years old. Equal volumes of gas under equal conditions of pressure and temperature contain an equal number of molecules.
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- Avogadro actually coined the word “molecule” He surmised that the gas was not individual atoms but probably combinations of atoms. The number of molecules in one “mole” of gas is 602,200,000,000,000,000,000,000 molecules.
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-------------- Avogrado’s Number = 6.022*10^23 molecules
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- A mole of a particular gas is defined as the mass in grams equal to the atomic weight of that gas. Oxygen has an atomic weight of 16. Since Oxygen gas is a molecule of two oxygen atoms. One mole of Oxygen gas is 32 grams.
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- 32 grams of oxygen gas occupies 22.4 liters of volume at atmospheric pressure and 0 C and has Avogrado’s Number, 6.022*10^23 molecules. Since Oxygen molecule has 2 atoms, 32 grams has 12.044 * 10^23 atoms. Or, one gram contains 0.376*10^23 atoms.
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- The average capacity of your lungs is 6 liters. But, normal breathing only uses a fraction of lung capacity, say 1 liter per breath. A liter of air weighs 1.2 grams. The amount of oxygen in the atmosphere is 20.95%. A normal breath only uses 5% of what it takes in and exhales 95% of the oxygen. Therefore a normal breath takes in 1.2*20%, or 0.25 grams of oxygen.
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------------- Avogrado’s Number = 6.022*10^23 molecules / 32 grams
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- One gram contains 0.376*10^23 atoms, and, one breath contains 0.25 grams of oxygen.
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----------------------- 0.25 grams / breath * 0.376 *10^23 atoms / gram =
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----------------------- = 0.094 * 10^23 atoms per breath.
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----------------------- 9,400,000,000,000,000,000,000 atoms in a single breath.
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- The Earth’s atmosphere weighs 5*10^21 grams. Divide by 0.25 grams / breath and the Earth’s atmosphere contains 20,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 breaths of air, or, 20*10^21 breaths.
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- 20 * 10^21 breaths is about the same as 9.4 atoms of oxygen, especially if you take a little deeper breath.
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- Avogadro came up with his theory realizing that the amount of material in a gas cylinder depending on volume, pressure and temperature. Holding Temperature constant the Volume is proportional to 1 / Pressure.
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- Whenever we say one variable is “proportional” to another variable you can change the expression into an “equality” by finding the appropriate “ Constant of Proportionality”
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-------------- x is proportional to y
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-------------- x = k * Y
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--------------- where: k = the Constant of Proportionality.
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- Pressure * Volume = Avogadro’s Number * Constant Proportionality * Temperature
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---------------- P*V = N*K*T
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- In this case “K” is the Universal Gas Constant “K” = 8.314 joules / mole * Kelvin
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- Instead of using moles we can use Avogadro’s Number of molecules per mole
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---------------- P*V = N*k*T
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- In this case, “k” is Boltzman’s Constant. “k” = 1.381*10^-23 joules / Kelvin
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- Actually Avogadro’s Number not only applies to gases, it works for a mole of any substance, liquid or solid. You can use Avogadro’s Number to calculate the masses of all the elements in the Periodic Table.
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---------- Oxygen 32 grams / mole * mole / 6.023*10^23 atoms = 5.3*10^-23 grams per molecule, or 2.5 *10^-23 grams per atom.
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- You can use Avogadro’s Number to calculate the diameter of an atom. The diameters of atoms is about 10^-10 meters.
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---------------------- See Review 101 “ Who is Ludwig Boltzman”
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March 13, 2022 ATOMS - Avogadro’s Number of atoms? 1072 3501
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