------------------------------ 3700 - Index of Astronomers Reviews
These reviews are available via blog or email. Business, economics, marketing up to 300 then Astronomy reviews up to 3700. Go to http://jdetrick.blogspot.com.
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------------------------- See “000AstronomyIndex” for index of all reviews up to 2900:
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------------------------- See “000 3700AstronomyIndex”
-------------------------- for index of all reviews upon reqest. 100 reviews in each index.
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- 3700 - UNIVERSE - expansion is accelerating? How is the Universe accelerating if the expansion rate is dropping? Sounds like a counter diction? How can the expansion rate be dropping if distant galaxies are accelerating away? Here’s how:
- 3701 - UNIVERSE - is a big place? The universe is a big place, and it's full of big planets, stars, galaxies and clusters of galaxies extend upward on ever-more-massive scales. Here are some examples:
- 3702 - QUASARS - are blackholes? - In 1979 astronomers spotted two nearly identical quasars that seemed close to each other in the sky. These “Twin Quasars” are actually separate images of the same object. Even more intriguing the light paths that created each image traveled through different parts of the cluster.
- 3703 - GRAVITY LENS - multiple images of quasar? When astronomers measured multiple image of the same quasar, they measured a time delay of 6.73 years, the longest ever detected for a gravitational lens, between multiple images of a quasar. After 14.5 years this observation will improve knowledge about galaxy clusters and the dark matter they contain.
- 3704 - SUN - the future is not so bright? - Within the Gaia satellite data, astronomers looked for stars with temperatures, surface gravities, compositions, masses and radii that are all similar to the present-day Sun. They found 5,863 stars that matched their criteria. Plotting this data shows us the evolution of all the stars.
- 3705 - MOON - how did the Moon form? How did the Earth take shape and became a life-harboring planet. The more we learn about how the Moon too shape, the more we discover about the evolution of our own Earth. Their histories are intertwined and could be echoed in the stories of other planets changed by similar or very different collisions.
- 3706 - ORBITING STARS - smallest orbits yet discovered? Astronomers have discovered a stellar binary, or pair of stars, with an extremely short orbit, appearing to circle each other every 51 minutes. The system seems to be one of a rare class of binaries known as a "cataclysmic variable," in which a star similar to our sun orbits tightly around a white dwarf, which is a hot, dense core of a burned-out star.
- 3707 - QUANTUM MECHANICS - how birds navigate? Quantum Mechanics is a part of science that is faced with strange choices in thinking about the nature of reality and our place in it. Reality really is "spooky" . But what is that spookiness telling us? No one really knows. Every interpretation of quantum mechanics is forced to accept something about reality that seems really weird. Even how birds navigate.
- 3708 - STARS - dust plumes and supernovae? Cosmic explosions that blast out stellar remains at near the speed of light, leaving a black hole behind, are physics occurring in the most extreme environments that are impossible to recreate on Earth.
- 3709 - SUPERNOVAE - how big can they get? Supernovae are gigantic explosions that can occur when stars die. These outbursts can briefly outshine all of the other suns in these stars' galaxies, making them visible from halfway across the universe. Astronomers have uncovered evidence of explosions triggered by dead stars ramming into live stars, possible proof of a new type of supernova.
- 3710 - EARTH - in 300,000,000 years? The Pacific Ocean currently measures 6200 miles from one end to another and is shrinking at a rate of about a few centimeters per year. The formation of the next supercontinent will dramatically alter Earth’s ecosystem and environment.
- 3711 - MOON - changes in coastal flooding? In 10 more years, 2030, every U.S. coast will experience rapidly increasing high-tide floods, when a lunar cycle will amplify rising sea levels. High-tide floods, also called nuisance floods or sunny day floods, are already a familiar problem in many cities on the U.S. Atlantic and Gulf coasts.
- 3713 - EARTHQUAKES - causes and effects? Spawning below Earth's surface and carrying immense energy, earthquakes can strike without warning. It therefore comes as no surprise that they are one of our planet's deadliest natural disasters.
- 3714 - HUBBLE - measures the universe expansion? The Hubble Space Telescope is still up there working. Although the new James Webb Telescope is getting most of today’s notoriety. Astronomers using the Hubble Space Telescope have made a unique measurement that indicates a jet, plowing through space at speeds greater than 99.97% the speed of light, was propelled by the titanic collision between two neutron stars.
- 3715 - ATOMIC CLOCKS - the accuracy of time? Scientists have devised a way to synchronize the ticking of two clocks through the air with extreme precision, across a record distance of 70 miles. The feat is a step towards redefining the second using optical clocks.
- 3716 - UNIVERSE - expansion rate still a ? Astronomer are still convinced that thee universe was created by a giant bang. The Big Bang occurred 13,800,000,000 years ago, and when the universe started to expand. The expansion is still ongoing today. The Universe is being stretched out in all directions like a balloon being inflated.
- 3717 - ASTEROID - what we learn with a visit? Astronomers have found more than 30,000 Near-Earth Asteroid. Astronomers think that most planet-killing asteroids have been found and have worked their way down to much smaller but still devastating impactors. Over 30,000 Near Earth Asteroids (NEAs) officially discovered.
- 3718 - - NATURAL DISASTERS - examples that make you think? Natural disasters are devastating events that have the potential to cause huge amounts of damage and loss of life. Globally, around 60,000 people die each year as a result of disasters such as droughts, floods, earthquakes and tsunamis, and a further 150 million people are impacted.
- 3719 - PILLARS OF CREATION - Organic molecules in space? For Webb, the Pillars are still just the beginning, providing only a glimpse of what the $10 billion telescope can accomplish. Everybody in the astronomical community is very excited about what the future holds for Webb.
- 3720 - - BLACKHOLES - how they create gravity waves? Countless gravitational wave events have been detected by observatories across the globe. They have become an almost daily occurrence. This has allowed astronomers to gain insight into some of the most extreme objects in the Universe.
- 3721 - GRAVITY - how fast does it travel? If the Sun were to disappear in an instant, how long would Earth’s orbit continue before we sped off in a straight line? With that in mind, a fascinating question to ponder is whether gravity has a speed. It turns out that it does, and scientists have precisely measured it.
- 3722 - DARK MATTER - versus the expanding universe? Dark Matter and Dark Energy are called “dark” because we do not know what they are. Astronomers have discovered dark matter around galaxies that existed about 12 billion years ago. This is the earliest detection yet of this mysterious substance that dominates the matter in the universe.
- 3723 - QUASAR - where did they come from? Quasars are extremely bright and extremely distant objects. Their huge energy output is thought to be due to activity around the central supermassive black hole in young galaxies, near the edge of the observable universe.
- 3724 - MARSQUAKES - how they analyze the planet? “Marsquakes” are earthquakes that occur on the planet Mars. Astronomers can measure them just like we measure earthquakes from our orbiting satellites. Astronomers have observed seismic waves propagating along the surface of Mars in the same way.
- 3725 - DARK MATTER - measuring the mass of galaxies? Gravitational lensing occurs when a massive object is between the observer and a bright celestial body. The massive object warps space-time and modifies the path of light rays passing through it.
- 3726 - SUPERNOVAE - how close can it get? Ionizing radiation from supernovae can alter Earth’s atmospheric chemistry. The initial burst of energy from a supernova poses one threat, and so do the cosmic rays that arrive hundreds or thousands of years later. X-rays can arrive months or years later.
- 3727 - NEUTRINOS - little mysteries all around us? Neutrinos are one of the universe's best-kept secrets, and we're only now beginning to unlock some of their mysteries. With plans in the National Academies' recent “Astro2020 Decadal Survey” for an upgraded IceCube Observatory for the 2030s and beyond, we will learn more and more about neutrinos, their bizarre behavior, and what they mean for the universe at large.
- 3728 - ATOM - discovering the atom? The word "atom" comes from the Greek "atomos", meaning something that is uncuttable, or which cannot be split. Early scientists and philosophers thought that this was indeed the case, but it turns out that atoms are built from smaller components and can indeed be split, releasing large amounts of energy in the process.
- 3729 - QUARKS - the bottom of atomic discoveries. Quarks are the building blocks of visible matter in the universe. If we could zoom in on an atom in your body, we would see that it consists of electrons swarming in orbits around a nucleus of protons and neutrons.
- 3730 - SPACE STATION - all in a days work? The un-crewed “Roscosmos Progress 82” is safely in orbit headed for the International Space Station following launch October 25, 2022 on a Soyuz rocket from Kazakhstan. The resupply ship reached preliminary orbit and deployed its solar arrays and navigational antennas as planned on its way to meet up with the orbiting laboratory and its Expedition 68 crew.
- 3731 - ASTEROIDS - how close are flybys? In September, 2022, NASA's “Double Asteroid Redirection Test’ (DART) mission successfully changed the trajectory of the 525-foot-wide asteroid moonlet Dimorphos which orbits around its 2,560-foot-wide parent rock, Didymos. The success of this first-of-its-kind experiment suggests that as long as we know early enough, we may be able to keep asteroids away from impact.
- 3732 - INTERSTELLAR - comets and largest asteroid. 25 asteroids with orbits completely within Earth’s orbit have been discovered to date. Finding asteroids in the inner Solar System is a daunting observational challenge. Astronomers have only two brief 10-minute windows each night to survey this area and have to contend with a bright background sky resulting from the Sun’s glare.
- 3733 - BLACKHOLES - what have we learned? Black holes have three "layers": the outer and inner event horizon, and the singularity. The event horizon of a black hole is the boundary around the mouth of the black hole, past which light cannot escape. Once a particle crosses the event horizon, it cannot leave. Gravity is constant across the event horizon.
- 3734 - MOON - how did the moon from? The more we learn about how the Moon came to be, the more we discover about the evolution of our own Earth, Their histories are intertwined and could be echoed in the stories of other planets changed by similar or very different collisions.
- 3735 - LIFE - Are we alone in the Universe? An answer to that age-old question has seemed tantalizingly within reach since the discovery of ice-encrusted moons in our solar system with potentially habitable subsurface oceans. But looking for evidence of life in a frigid sea hundreds of millions of miles away poses tremendous challenges.
- 3736 - Age of the Universe? Astronomers can determine the age of the universe by analyzing light and other types of radiation traveling from deep space. If the Universe is 13.8 billion years old then that is how long it took that light to reach us. How has what we are looking at changed over the time it took to reach us?
- 3737 - NEUTRON STARS - how gold was produced? What are the elements astronomers find in the stars? Not just gold. Colliding neutron stars forge Strontium, Lanthanum, and Cerium. In the beginning, the Big Bang produced hydrogen and helium. Other than some traces of things such as lithium, that’s all the matter the Big Bang produced.
- 3738 - MARS - and its satellite Phobos? Up until now, 2022, Mars has been generally considered a geologically dead planet. However, new reports that seismic signals indicate vulcanism still plays an active role in shaping the Martian surface.
- 3739 - ATOM COLLIDER - understanding what we’re made of? The “Perlmutter supercomputer” is named for the Berkeley Lab cosmologist and Nobel laureate Saul Perlmutter. This supercomputer allowed scientists to use 128 computers simultaneously. Scientists were able to run all the steps of the analysis, from data processing to the derivation of the results, in less than a week instead of months.
- 3740 - GAMMA RAY BURSTS - could they destroy us? On October 9, 2022, a beam of light more energetic than astronomers had ever seen zipped past our planet, temporarily blinding detectors on several NASA satellites. The beam came from a gamma-ray burst, the most energetic type of explosion known to occur in the universe, which is believed to accompany the birth of some black holes.
- 3741 - EXOPLANETS - is there one like Earth? Exoplanet researchers rely on the James Webb Space Telescope to conduct detailed observations of exoplanet systems. Using its advanced suite of optics, infrared imaging, coronographs, and spectrometers, Webb and other next-generation telescopes will characterize the atmospheres and surfaces of exoplanets like never before.
- 3742 - GRAVITATIONAL LENS - examples from new discoveries? A gravitational lens is a group of galaxies with immense gravity distorting the light beams coming from a galaxy directly behind them in our line of sight. The bending of multiple light beams causes multiple paths for the light.
- 3743 - EINSTEIN’S THEORY - is reality this strange, really? “The most incomprehensible thing about the universe is that it’s comprehensible”. This is a quote from Albert Einstein in the 1940’s. Here is another attempt to illustrates what his Theory of Relativity actually meant. You decide, is it comprehensible?
- 3744 ELECTROMAGNETISM - is hard to explain? There is an awkward problem with our understanding of nature's laws which physicists have been trying to explain for decades. It's about “electromagnetism“, the law of how atoms and light interact, which explains everything from why you don't fall through the floor to why the sky is blue.
- 3745 - ASTRONOMY - with radio signals? HAARP is the “High-frequency Active Auroral Research Program” in the midst of a wide-ranging science campaign that will see the facility bounce signals off the moon and Jupiter.
- 3746 - GRAVITY - the theory is incomplete? Something is wrong with Einstein's theory of gravity? Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity has been remarkably successful in describing the gravity of stars and planets, but it doesn’t seem to apply perfectly on all scales.
- 3747 - STARDUST - from distant supernovae? The quest to study cosmic dust samples brought to Earth by meteorites has been ongoing for the past 30 years. But this study marks the first time that scientists were able to distinguish components of the dust that were created by supernova explosions.
- 3748 - BLACKHOLE - massive blackhole missing? Astronomers are searching for signs of a supermassive black hole in the galaxy cluster Abell 2261. Nearly all large galaxies contain central black holes, and the galaxy in the middle of Abell 2261 is expected to contain a particularly massive one.
- 3749 - SUPERNOVAE - close to us? How dangerous are nearby Supernovae to life on Earth? From a distance, supernovae explosions are fascinating. A star more massive than our Sun runs out of hydrogen and becomes unstable. It explodes and releases so much energy it can outshine its host galaxy for months.
- 3750 - MARS - is it a dead planet? Earth is between two planets Venus and Mars. We have just begun to explore close enough to learn if these planets could have ever sustained live? Researchers that seismic signals indicate vulcanism still plays an active role in shaping the Martian surface. So it is not totally dead. Let’s start with Mars first:
- 3751 - VENUS - is Venus a dead planet? Review 3750 asks the question “ Is Mars a dead planet?” let’s ask the same question about Venus. Volcanic activity lasting hundreds to thousands of centuries and erupting massive amounts of material have helped transform Venus from a temperate and wet world to the acidic hothouse it is today.
- 3752 - PHOBOS - exploring Mars moon? Mars Express, which is a 19-year-veteran spacecraft in orbit around Mars, came within 51.6 miles of Phobos on September 22, 2022 and was able to probe beneath the moon's surface using upgraded software on its “MARSIS” instrument (Mars Advanced Radar for Subsurface and Ionosphere Sounding).
- 3753 - SUN - a dynamic star always changing? Our planet has circled the Sun over 5,000,000,000 times. You would think we would have it figured out by now. But, we are still learning new things. Our Sun is a dynamic and complex star, with storms, flares, and moves causing it to change constantly.
- 3754 - UNIVERSE - what is the shape of the universe? The universe may be vast, but researchers have multiple points of evidence that reveal its shape. The universe may seem shapeless because it is so vast, but it does have a form that astronomers can observe. Then there is dark energy constantly expanding the universe.
- 3755 - ORION SPACESHIP - ready for a trip to Mars. Orion is the only human-rated spacecraft designed for travel to deep space. Not only will it return humans to the Moon, but it may even get them to Mars. Here are 11 little known facts about the spacecraft that's about to make history.
- 3756 - EXOPLANET - atmospheres detected by Webb! The James Webb Space Telescope just scored another first making a molecular and chemical portrait of a distant planet‘s atmosphere.
- 3757 - SPACETIME - universal limits not to be exceeded? Why can't we travel faster than the speed of light?" Because the mass of objects becoming infinitely large. That answer is fine, but there's a better one. Space and time are unified into a single entity known as “spacetime“.
- 3758 - LIGHT - comes to us in photons.? The photon has fueled centuries of discovery. From wave, to particle, to boson. People have investigated the nature of light since ancient times, with early insights coming from philosophers and scholars in Egypt, Mesopotamia, India and Greece.
- 3759 - MAX PLANCK - introduces the quantum world? The quantum world is one in which rules that are completely foreign to our everyday experience dictate bizarre behavior. 100 or so physicists at the dawn of the 20th century, were trying to figure out how atoms worked. Little did they know what their courageous, creative thinking would become a few decades later a quantum revolution.
- 3760 - MILKY WAY - and galaxies beyond? We used to think the Milky Way Galaxy was our entire universe. Then we discovered some other galaxies further away. The Milky Way has a halo of stars. Today this stellar halo is giving astronomers some new food for thought. It turns out everyone thought the halo was spherical. But, it’s not.
- 3761 - QUANTUM ENTANGLEMENT - beyond comprehension? Quantum entanglement is known as spooky action at a distance. A distant and instantaneous action that requires communications faster than the speed of light. Quantum entanglement will affect the entire world of communications. The notions of realism and locality have been broken and the weirdness that comes out will be proven useful to everyone.
- 3762 - The Quest for Reality. Everyone thought they had discovered reality when Isaac Newton was able to explain all observed motion on Earth and in the Solar System with only 3 simple mathematical laws. Albert Einstein came along and changed our reality by claiming that Newton’s laws were not accurate at high velocities. Space and time have to be adjusted so that the velocity of light remains the same for all observers.
- 3763 - DARK MATTER - by comparing distant stars? - Like alpha, the fine structure constant, we know precious little about dark matter, and some theoretical physicists suggest the inner parts of our galaxy might be just the dark corner we should search for connections between these two "damn mysteries of physics." If we can observe these much more distant suns with the largest optical telescopes, maybe we'll find the keys to the universe.
- 3764 - PROTONS - the nuclei of atoms? Protons are tiny subatomic particles that, along with neutrons, form the nucleus of an atom. The heavier the atom, the more protons (and neutrons) it contains. Hydrogen, which is the lightest element, has a nucleus made from a single proton. The heaviest element in the Periodic Table, which is Oganesson, has 118 protons.
- 3765 - ENTROPY - fate of the Universe? We are convinced that the Universe is expanding at an accelerating rate. But, within the system there are fluctuations in this expansion. These uneven fluctuations are what created the structure we observe today.
- 3766 - ASTRONOMY - questions to work on? Questions in Physics and Astronomy. If this is your chosen career field, or, your current hobby, you have a lot of important mysteries to solve. Here is a list for you to start working on:
- 3767 - STARDUST - what people are made of? Science has said humans are made of stardust, and now, a new survey of 150,000 stars shows just how true the old cliché is: Humans and their galaxy have about 97 percent of the same kind of atoms, and the elements of life appear to be more prevalent toward the galaxy's center.
- 3769 - THEORY OF GRAVITY - is it universal? Everything in the universe has gravity and feels it. Yet this most common of all fundamental forces is also the one that presents the biggest challenges to physicists. Albert Einstein’s theory of general relativity has been remarkably successful in describing the gravity of stars and planets, but it doesn’t seem to apply perfectly on all scales.
- 3770 - EARLIEST GALAXIES - Deep field image of first galaxies: The James Webb Space Telescope lets us see the first galaxies in the universe. The “SMACS 0723” deep field image was taken with only a 12.5-hour exposure. Faint galaxies in this image emitted this light more than 13 billion years ago.
- 3771 - VENUS - Comparing history with Earth? - Earth has remained habitable for billions of years, and Venus is much worse off. If Venus ever hosted ancient, simple life, it’s long gone now. While we may never have a complete understanding of all the factors that made Earth and Venus so different from one another, volcanic activity clearly played a role.
- 3772 - SUPERNOVAE - close to us. A supernova is a star that has burned up all the hydrogen in its core and it explodes. How dangerous are nearby supernovae to life on Earth? A star more massive than our Sun runs out of hydrogen and becomes unstable. Eventually, it explodes and releases so much energy it can outshine its host galaxy for months. Our Sun would swallow the Earth
- 3773 - CRAB NEBULA - when light can reach us? If you are interested in astronomy you would recognize the Crab Nebula in images and videos which are easy to find on the web.. This supernova remnant, first seen on Earth in the year 1054, consists of a super-dense neutron start that spins about 30 times an second, making it a pulsar that swings a beam of radiation towards Earth, like a lighthouse.
- 3774 - GALAXIES - light delay around galaxies. The combined gravity of the galaxies, plus the intermingled dark matter in the cluster can entangle light from more distant objects as it passes through or near the cluster. It turns out that the mass of the cluster is spread out unevenly. That can affect the path of light through the cluster.
- 3775 - MILKY WAY GALAXY - determining its configuration? Earth's journey through the Milky Way may have had a profound impact on our planet's geology. New research indicates that every 200 million years, when Earth passes through its galaxy's spiral arms, the planet is pummeled with high-energy comets, and this bombardment may thicken Earth's continental crust.
- 3776 - MOON - Apollo mission in 1972? It has been 50 years since astronauts last launched to the moon. “Apollo 17” mission lifted off on December 7, 1972, sending Gene Cernan, Harrison Schmitt and Ronald Evans toward Earth's biggest satellite. The trio arrived in orbit around the moon three days later.
- 3777 - PROTON - much more to discover? Researchers recently discovered that the proton sometimes includes a charm quark and charm antiquark, colossal particles that are each heavier than the proton itself. More than a century after Ernest Rutherford discovered the positively charged particle at the heart of every atom, physicists are still struggling to fully understand the proton.
- 3778 - UNIVERSE - expanding at ever faster rate? The night sky may look deceptively still, but the universe is constantly expanding, which means everything keeps moving away from everything else. The space between things is expanding. A new map of the distances of tens of thousands of galaxies is helping researchers calculate the universe's age and expansion rate with unprecedented precision.
- 3779 - RING NEBULA - new pictures from Webb? The Ring Nebula is located 2,000 light-years away from Earth in the constellation Vela, which is visible in the southern sky. The Southern Ring Nebula was among the James Webb Space Telescope's early science targets.
- 3780 - STARDUST - is what you are made of. Science has known “humans are made of stardust“ for some time, and now, a new survey of 150,000 stars shows just how true the old cliché is: Humans and their galaxy have about 97 percent of the same kind of atoms, and the elements of life appear to be more prevalent toward the galaxy's center.
- 3781 - Peek-A-Boo Galaxy - one of the earliest found? Astronomers have discovered that a strange dwarf galaxy hidden for years in our cosmic neighborhood looks like it belongs in the early universe, despite having formed more recently.
- 3782 - UNIVERSE - how it got started? - In the beginning, there was nothing. Bit we don’t know that for sure? Then, around 13.7 billion years ago, the universe formed. We still don't know the exact conditions under which this happened, and whether there was a time before time. But using telescope observations and models of particle physics, researchers have been able to piece together a rough timeline of major events in the universe's life.
- 3784 - EDUCATION - Improving our ability to think? The goal needs to be one of continuous improvement to the stretch of each students abilities. In business if all customers are treated exactly the same for an extended period of time the competition would take them away. Businesses must continually change and adjust to differing customer needs.
- 3786 - SUPERNOVAE - prove the universe is expanding. Measuring cosmic distances using Supernovae 1A starting in the 1990’s has greatly changed our views of the Universe. The measurements were in two parts. The redshift of the light spectrum is measured. This can be thought of as the “Doppler effect“.
- 3787 - PLANETARY NEBULAE - what our Sun will become. If all the stars were about the same size of our Sun I could not be telling you this. Life would not be possible. Our Sun will live 10 billion years and become a Planetary Nebula. (That would be the year 5,000,002,008 A.D.)
- 3788 - FULL MOON - some things you should know? The moon’s orbit around the Earth is tilted 5 degrees compared to the plane of Earth’s travels around the Sun. The Earth itself is tilted 23.5 degrees causing our four seasons. All of these add up to make the Moon’s path through our sky higher or lower depending on the angles on any given night.
- 3789 - NUCLEAR FUSION - is on the horizon? - The nuclear fusion propulsion announcement made this week, December ,2022, of fusion ignition is a major scientific advancement. This is decades in the making. More energy was produced in the fusion process than the laser energy used to create this first controlled fusion triumph.
- 3790 - LIGHT - mysteries beyond comprehension? Light is both particle and wave, and it is the fastest thing in the universe. It carries with it the secrets of reality in ways we cannot completely understand. But understanding its duality was an important step for our perplexed minds.
- 3791 - BOSONS - the light photon are bosons? Bosons are particles that carry energy and forces throughout the universe. The photon are your most familiar boson. The standard model of particle physics divides every particle in the universe and even the larger composite particles fit into two broad categories; fermions and bosons.
- 3793 - NEUTRINOS - still a most mysterious particle? Neutrinos are some of the most mysterious particles in nature, capable of passing through the Earth like it wasn't there. Neutrinos are tiny subatomic particles, often called 'ghost particles' because they barely interact with anything else.
- 3794 - MILKY WAY GALAXY - Since the 1950s, astronomers have known that our galaxy, the Milky Way, looks like a spiral, with several dense streams of stars and dust emanating from the galactic center, winding through the galactic disc and dissolving around its edges. However, scientists have struggled to understand how many of these streams there are and what created them.
- 3795 - SUN - when it runs out of fuel? When stars like our Sun use up all their fuel, they shrink to form “white dwarfs“. Sometimes such dead stars flare back to life in a super hot explosion and produce a fireball of X-ray radiation. Astronomers were able to observe such an explosion of X-ray light for the very first time.
- 3796 - JAMES WEBB TELESCOPE DEEP FIELD - James Webb telescope completes its first “Deep Field” with nine days of observing time. One of the JWST’s primary objectives is to study the Universe’s first galaxies. The results will help astrophysicists piece together the Universe’s history and how galaxies evolved. These early galaxies are extremely faint, but JWST was built to find them.
- 3797 - WATER - found on Exoplanets, On Earth? Astronomers have found evidence that two exoplanets orbiting a red dwarf star are "water worlds," planets where water makes up a large fraction of the volume. These worlds, located in a planetary system 218 light-years away in the constellation Lyra, are unlike any planets found in our solar system,
- 3798 - GALAXY - Milky Way by computer simulation? Our home galaxy, the Milky Way, gradually formed over nearly the entire history of the universe, which spans 13,000,000,000 years. Over the past decades, astronomers have managed to reconstruct different epochs of this galactic history.
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October 1 ,2022 3700
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