Monday, March 18, 2024

391 - SOLAR CELLS - in space?

 

-    4391  -  SOLAR  CELLS  -  in space?   -   Solar cell technology could ditch batteries in gadgets for good by harvesting ambient room light.  Solar cells that can be recharged using indoor low-light could be used to power devices like TV remotes and computer mice.

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-----------------------------------------   4391  -    SOLAR  CELLS  -  in space?

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-   A new solar cell technology designed to recharge devices such as remote controls by harvesting ambient indoor light was just unveiled.    The technology was showcased by California-based Ambient Photonics at CES 2024, with the startup also partnering with Google to incorporate the technology into a new consumer product, which it hasn't yet revealed. They plan to launch it at some point in 2024.

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-    The company is also working on a solar-powered computer mouse. None of these devices will require disposable batteries or need to be consciously recharged.

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-    The technology in the new cells is “bifacial”, which means it can harvest and generate energy from both sides, which lets it generate enough energy to power home electronics. Its previous cells were only single-sided, with the rear side providing 50% additional energy on top of the 100% efficiency of the front-facing side.

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-   Inspired by photosynthesis, the process by which plants convert sunlight into energy, these photovoltaic cells contain light-sensitive dye molecules that turn photons, small particles of electromagnetic radiation, into electrons, negative subatomic particles.

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-   This creates a charge differential that, in turn, allows electricity to flow. They work similarly to how chlorophyll, which makes plants green, creates power from photons in photosynthesis.

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-    Engineers have achieved “superior dye chemistry” for producing “unmatched power density”.   Dyes are based on over 40 “organic sensitizer molecules”, the active component of dye sensitized solar cell (DSSC) technology, which absorb light across the entire visible electromagnetic spectrum, like those in other solar panels.

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-    Reducing the need for batteries could cut electronic waste, as TK billions of batteries go to landfills every year.   Although solar power technology has existed for decades, generating enough power for devices at low lighting levels has been a vexing problem.

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-    Previous attempts to create low-lighting solar cells haven't been sufficient.   Photovoltaic innovations such as amorphous silicon cells don’t yield sufficient power in the real-world, low-light operations conditions.  This new technology harvests three times more light than comparable solutions.

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-    Also, the large price tag on high performance, low-light photovoltaic technologies like “gallium arsenide' cells has made them suitable only for space satellite and research applications, not mass-market electronics.

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-    It sounds like science fiction: giant solar power stations floating in space that beam down enormous amounts of energy to Earth. And for a long time, the concept first developed by the Russian scientist, Konstantin Tsiolkovsky, in the 1920s was mainly an inspiration for writers.

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-   Climate change is the greatest challenge of our time, so there’s a lot at stake. From rising global temperatures to shifting weather patterns, the impacts of climate change are already being felt around the globe. Overcoming this challenge will require radical changes to how we generate and consume energy.

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-    Renewable energy technologies have developed drastically in recent years, with improved efficiency and lower cost. But one major barrier to their uptake is the fact that they don’t provide a constant supply of energy. Wind and solar farms only produce energy when the wind is blowing or the sun is shining, but we need electricity around the clock, every day. Ultimately, we need a way to store energy on a large scale before we can make the switch to renewable sources.

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-    A possible way around this would be to generate solar energy in space. There are many advantages to this. A space-based solar power station could orbit to face the Sun 24 hours a day. The Earth’s atmosphere also absorbs and reflects some of the Sun’s light, so solar cells above the atmosphere will receive more sunlight and produce more energy.

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-   But one of the key challenges to overcome is how to assemble, launch and deploy such large structures. A single solar power station may have to be as much as 10 kilometers square in area, equivalent to 1,400 football fields. Using lightweight materials will also be critical, as the biggest expense will be the cost of launching the station into space on a rocket.

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-    One proposed solution is to develop a swarm of thousands of smaller satellites that will come together and configure to form a single, large solar generator. In 2017, researchers at the California Institute of Technology outlined designs for a modular power station, consisting of thousands of ultralight solar cell tiles. They also demonstrated a prototype tile weighing just 280 grams per square meter, similar to the weight of poker card.

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-    Recently, developments in manufacturing, such as 3D printing, are also being looked at for this application.   They are exploring new manufacturing techniques for printing ultralight solar cells on to solar sails. A solar sail is a foldable, lightweight and highly reflective membrane capable of harnessing the effect of the Sun’s radiation pressure to propel a spacecraft forward without fuel. They are exploring how to embed solar cells on solar sail structures to create large, fuel-free solar power stations.

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-   These methods would enable construction of the power stations in space. Indeed, it could one day be possible to manufacture and deploy units in space from the International Space Station or the future lunar gateway station that will orbit the Moon. Such devices could in fact help provide power on the Moon.

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-    The possibilities don’t end there. While we are currently reliant on materials from Earth to build power stations, scientists are also considering using resources from space for manufacturing, such as materials found on the Moon.

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-    Another major challenge will be getting the power transmitted back to Earth. The plan is to convert electricity from the solar cells into energy waves and use electromagnetic fields to transfer them down to an antenna on the Earth’s surface. The antenna would then convert the waves back into electricity.

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-    Solar power stations in space will become a reality in the coming decades. Researchers in China have designed a system called Omega, which they aim to have operational by 2050. This system should be capable of supplying 2GigaWatts of power into Earth’s grid at peak performance, which is a huge amount. To produce that much power with solar panels on Earth, you would need more than six million of them.

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-    Smaller solar power satellites, like those designed to power lunar rovers, could be operational even sooner.  Across the globe, the scientific community is committing time and effort to the development of solar power stations in space.

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March 17, 2024           SOLAR  CELLS  -  in space?                          4391

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--------------------- ---  Monday, March 18, 2024  ---------------------------------

 

 

 

 

 

           

 

 

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