Thursday, September 12, 2024

4553 - NEW TELESCOPES - CCD's to improve sensitivity?

 

-    4553 -  NEW  TELESCOPES  -  CCD's  to improve sensitivity?  -  Scientists have used sensitive CCDs on a telescope to study the night sky. Berkeley Lab designed and processed the ultra-low-noise detectors, which could improve future experiments to understand our universe.


----------------------------------  4553  -  NEW  TELESCOPES  -  CCD's  to improve sensitivity?

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-    Using an instrument on the 4.1-meter Southern Astrophysical Research (SOAR) Telescope, researchers obtained the first astronomical spectrum using skipper charge-coupled devices (CCDs). “Skipper CCDs” can get down to very low noise levels, which helps astronomers see distant galaxies.

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-   On March 31 and April 9, 2021, researchers used skipper CCDs to collect astronomical spectra from a galaxy cluster, two distant quasars, a galaxy with bright emission lines, and a star that is potentially associated with a dark-matter-dominated ultra-faint galaxy.

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-    In a first for astrophysical CCD observations, they achieved sub-electron readout noise and counted individual photons at optical wavelengths.   CCDs were invented in the United States in 1969, and forty years later scientists were awarded the Nobel Prize in Physics for their achievement.

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-    The devices are two-dimensional arrays of light-sensitive pixels that convert incoming photons into electrons. Conventional CCDs are the image sensors first used in digital cameras, and they remain the standard for many scientific imaging applications, such as astronomy, though their precision is limited by electronic noise.

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-    Cosmologists seek to understand the mysterious natures of dark matter and dark energy by studying the distributions of stars and galaxies. To do this, they need advanced technology that can see fainter, more distant astronomical objects with as little noise as possible.

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-    Existing CCD technology can make these measurements but take a long time or are less efficient. So, astrophysicists must either increase the signal, by investing more time on the world’s largest telescopes, or decrease the electronic noise.

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-    Skipper CCDs were introduced in 1990 to reduce electronic noise to levels that allow the measurement of individual photons. They do this by taking multiple measurements of interesting pixels and skipping the rest. This strategy enables skipper CCDs to increase the precision of measurements in interesting regions of the image while reducing total readout time.

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-   In 2017, scientists pioneered the use of skipper CCDs for dark matter experiments such as SENSEI and OSCURA, but today’s presentation showed the first time the technology was used to observe the night sky and collect astronomical data.

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-   What’s incredible is that these photons traveled to our detectors from objects billions of light-years away, and we could measure each one individually.

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-    With the first successful demonstration of skipper-CCD technology for astrophysics, scientists are already working to improve it. The next generation of skipper CCDs, developed by Berkeley Lab and Fermilab, is 16 times faster than current devices.

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September 11, 2024     NEW  TELESCOPES  -  CCD's  to improve sensitivity?            4553

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--------------------- ---  Thursday, September 12, 2024  ---------------------------------

 

 

 

 

 

           

 

 

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