--------- #1424 - How Are Smart Phones Going to Get Smarter?
- Attachments : cell phone pile.
- Walky-Talkies used during the war were the first mobile phones. These phones were radios that talked to each other. 1973 was the first phone that talked to an antenna that was a relay station. The coverage of the antenna becomes a cell and the cells are connected to cover the area. The Motorola Dyna TAC was the first cell phone and it weighted 2 pounds.
- Today smart phones weigh a few ounces and will soon have the power of a supercomputer by using the Internet Cloud. The NVIDA TEGRA2 is an integrated microcircuit , a single chip, in a smart phone that is ½ inch square. Not only is the chip a phone, a two way radio with a microprocessor, a graphics processor for 3D and HD videos, a MP3 music, a modem, Bluetooth, Wi-Fi, GPS and a digital camera. All this in ½ inch by ½ inch the thickness of a dime.
- Smart phones can make 1 billion calculations per second but that uses up a lot of battery life. Why not do these calculations on the internet and save battery life? In the internet, “ Cloud”, more powerful computers could make calculations faster and the results relayed back to the smart phone. We would have hand-held supercomputers that could do very complicated tasks, like face recognition. This power could be used to improve security and limit ID theft. Your phone could recognize pictures and tell you where you were with GPS. ( See Review #1420 putting supercomputers in the hands of engineers).
- The 4G network will provide up to 1 gigabyte per second calculation speeds, 1,000 times faster than today. In 2011 -Samsung introduced an Organic Diode Flexible Display that rolls up into a small phone. The large ultra thin display can be pulled out flat to allow viewing high-definition movies and photos streamed off the internet.
- Super batteries will come from super capacitors. Graphite is pencil lead. The carbon comes off in layers to make the pencil able to write black lines on paper. Graphene is the same carbon material except nanotechnology produces it so thin one layer is only one atom in thickness. Now this graphene can be folded up in between two metal electrode plates to produce a super capacitor. The enormous surface area allows the super capacitor to hold a very large charge that can act as a battery. These super capacitors can be recharged in seconds and then last as batteries for hours.
- Another technology comes from Toshiba that uses a fuel cell powered by methanol. This fuel cell generates electricity to recharge the cell phone.
- Speech recognition with supercomputer power can convert cell phones into R2-D2 personal assistants, robots using your arms and legs for mobility. Kinda makes you humble, huh?
- 1973 the first cell phone was introduced, the Motorola Dyna TAC
- 1981 Nordic NMT launched the first mobile network.
- 1991 digital GSM replaced this analog network
- 1992 the first SMS , Short Message Service, was launched.
- 1993 Apple Newton launched the Personal Digital Assistant, PDA, handheld computer.
- 1996 Motorola’s Star TAC was the firs clam shell cell phone with a pull-up antenna.
- 2000 Nokia 3210 had eh first internal antenna and T9 dictionary. Ericsson R380 had the first smart pone with touch screen display.
- 2001 The 3G network was launched in Japan
- 2002 1,000,000,000 people own cell phones.
- 2003 3G network was launched in Europe.
- 2007 Nokia N95 smart phone with GPS and 5-mega pixel camera. Apple’s iPhone with 3.5 inch color touch-screen without keys.
- 2008 Google’s Android operating system with speech recognition search operation.
- 2010 LTE technology gives advanced speed to the 3G network.
- 2011 Apple’s iPhone 4S with a voice activated search engine
- 2012 Apple introduces it newest version of the iPad.
- 2012 What’s next? An announcement will be made shortly, stay tuned.
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RSVP, please reply with a number to rate this review: #1- learned something new. #2 - Didn’t read it. #3- very interesting. #4- Send another review #___ from the index. #5- Keep em coming. #6- I forwarded copies to some friends. #7- Don‘t send me these anymore! #8- I am forwarding you some questions? Index is available with email and with requested reviews at http://jdetrick.blogspot.com/ Please send feedback, corrections, or recommended improvements to: jamesdetrick@comcast.net.
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707-536-3272, Friday, March 9, 2012
--------- #1422 - Should the Government Control the Internet?
- Attachments :
- Should the government control the internet? Should private corporations control the internet? Should the people be free to use the internet as they choose, and everyone be responsible for his choices and the choices of children.
- The original design of the Internet was to be a decentralized system with every node connected to every other node. It was designed this way by the Defense Department to prevent a cyber attack.
- But, that is not the way it is today. Today, we are connected to the Internet by an Internet Service Provider. If that connection is blocked we have on internet access.
- A way around this is through the wireless systems in cell phones and WiFi that could automatically route around blocks and censors through the use of multiple nodes.
- In January , 2011, Egypt’s government turned off the Internet. The government simply cut off the few Service Providers. The government failed to cutoff the protestors who were using wireless Facebook online social networks. The TCP/IP protocol that defines the Internet was originally designed to carry data no matter how many nodes were blocked.
- Other governments have done the same thing to control the Internet, Tunisia, Iran, and China. Even
Comcast and AT&T are starting to exercise control as to who gets the fastest Internet speed.
- How can the Internet be made free of these infringing government and corporation controls?
- The answer lies in wireless mesh networks.
- All you need is a $150 Linksys router mounted in a line of sight to another router. Once you have 30 or 40 nodes on the mesh system it becomes self-sustaining. When one node drops out alternative routes are automatically found. Packet-switched, store-and-forward routing does the job at each node relaying data on behalf of all the connected users
.
- Internet Service Providers never allow a customer’s computer to a be a relay point, it is always a terminal node to send and receive only. As a consequence Service Providers become focal points in the Internet. They become the kill switch.
- Mesh networks have been in operation with up to 5,000 users in Greece and 15,000 users in Barcelona.
- The computer nodes need not be traditional computes. they could just as easily be Iphones or Android phones. “ They have an app for that!”
- Mesh networks are the ideal communication solution around hurricanes, earthquakes and other natural disasters. This may be key to getting government support of their existence.
- The general public can not be technocrats but they can be educated. The need to learn how privacy rights and communications controls are taking away their freedom. Government should be on the side of the decentralized system of mess networks. Instead government today appears to be on the side of centralized government controls and big money corporations in the name of the Patriot Act security and law enforcement of drug dealers an porn. We the people’s freedom should not be the trade-off for security through tyranny.
- Write your representatives and be an Internet advocate. It is our ultimate freedom of speech, and freedom of information, and freedom of education. We the people must control freedom that is not free.
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RSVP, please reply with a number to rate this review: #1- learned something new. #2 - Didn’t read it. #3- very interesting. #4- Send another review #___ from the index. #5- Keep em coming. #6- I forwarded copies to some friends. #7- Don‘t send me these anymore! #8- I am forwarding you some questions? Index is available with email and with requested reviews at http://jdetrick.blogspot.com/ Please send feedback, corrections, or recommended improvements to: jamesdetrick@comcast.net.
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707-536-3272, Wednesday, March 7, 2012
--------- #1423 Discovery of the Higgs Boson?
- Attachments :
- The Higgs Field is special mathematics in the Standard Model of Particle Physics that gives the W and Z Bosons mass. In fact, it is credited with giving everything mass, however, the math does not go that far. The Higgs Particle, called the Higgs Boson, is the force carrier for this Higgs Field. It is the last unproven piece of the Standard Model Theory.
- This Standard Model uses Gauge Bosons which are the force carrier particles in Quantum Field Theory.
- The photon is the force carrier for the electromagnetic force. The math for this comes from Quantum Electrodynamics, QED.
- The Gluon is the force carrier for the Strong Nuclear Force. The math for this comes from Quantum Chromo dynamics, QCD.
- The W and Z Bosons are the force carriers for the Electroweak Nuclear Force. The photon and Gluon are massless but the W and Z Bosons are very massive. It is the Higgs Field that gives them mass as force carriers.
- The Standard Model does not include the force of gravity. It would like to. And, science has tried very hard to find a force carrier for gravity. They have named it the Graviton, but , it is yet to be discovered. One problem in this theory is that Einstein’s Theory of Relativity states that gravity is not a force at all, but, a warping of space-time. Mass bends space-time that distorts the space we live in causing us to fall to the center of a large mass.
- QED for the Electromagnetic Force can be derived by requiring the equations describing the motion of electric and magnetic charged particles to remain unchanged in the course of local Symmetry operations. If the phase of a Wave Function by which a charged particle is described is altered independently at every point in space, QED requires that the electromagnetic interactions and its mediating massless photon exist as force carriers in order to maintain the Symmetry. Symmetry is a mathematicians way of deriving the Laws of Conservation of Energy, and Conservation of Momentum, and other conservation laws.
- QCD for the Strong Nuclear Force is based on the exchange of massless Gluons between Quarks and anti-Quarks. The Quantum number in QCD is known as “ color” which is analogous to electric and magnetic charges. Each flavor of Quark , each type of Quark, comes in 3 colors, red, blue and green. Color is simply a convenient way to label the properties and has nothing to do with the color of light.
- Photons in QED are electrically neutral. However, Gluons in QCD carry color charges and can therefore interact with each other. These particles that carry color are not allowed to exist as free particles. Instead Quarks and Gluons are permanently confined in what is called Hadrons. Hadrons are strongly interacting particles such as the proton and the neutron. The particle accelerator at CERN, Switzerland, is called the Large Hadron Collider because it collides protons and anti-protons.
- The interaction strength of Gluons decreases as the momentum transfer in an interaction increases. This is what causes the Strong Nuclear Force to have such a limited range, about the diameter of an atom.
- In high energy particle accelerators in which the Quark or Gluon collide and become a collimated jet of Pions aligned with the original Quark or Gluon direction. It is these jets of particles that are observed experimentally since Quarks can not exist freely. The jets are the direct evidence of their existence.
- Higgs wrote 2 papers in 1964 each 2 pages long proposing the existence of the Higgs Field to cause particles to have mass. Higgs suggested that excitation of the Field , like a wave in the ocean, would yield a new particle, the Higgs Boson. Elementary particles gain mass by interaction with the invisible, omnipresent , Higgs field.
- The more a particle interacts the more mass it will have. Science has been published that the Higgs Field gives mass to every thing in the Universe, However, strictly speaking, it only gives mass to elementary particle such as electrons and Quarks.
- The Large Hadron Collider is desperately trying to discover the Higgs Particle. It is beautiful mathematical framework but until it is discovered it is only theory. In fact one mathematical theory called Supersymmetry predicts at least 5 Higgs particles exist.
- Experiments are looking for the Higgs Particle to have a mass between 115 and 130 billion electron-volts /c^2. This is about the mass of the iodine atom. The ATLAS and CMS experiments at the LHC in CERN have reported hints of the Higgs Boson existing at 125 billion electron volts/c^2. The two teams have seen shower of particles that match the debris expected when the Higgs particle breaks down. 125 eV is 125 times the mass of a proton.
- In this past year the LHC has collided 400 trillion pairs of protons and anti-protons, groups of electrons, muons, and neutrinos. If the right combination of these particles are detected in the debris physics will conclude that the Higgs Boson was created. That will complete the Standard Model and be a major discovery. An announcement will be made shortly, stay tuned.
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RSVP, please reply with a number to rate this review: #1- learned something new. #2 - Didn’t read it. #3- very interesting. #4- Send another review #___ from the index. #5- Keep em coming. #6- I forwarded copies to some friends. #7- Don‘t send me these anymore! #8- I am forwarding you some questions? Index is available with email and with requested reviews at http://jdetrick.blogspot.com/ Please send feedback, corrections, or recommended improvements to: jamesdetrick@comcast.net.
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707-536-3272, Wednesday, March 7, 2012
--------- #1421 - The Size of the Universe, smallest to biggest?
- Attachments : URL: http://htwins.net/scale2
- Sonoma State University, 3-5-12, Cosmic Voyage about the scale of the Universe from the very smallest to the very biggest.
- This is an animation that you control . It allows you to see the size of objects in power of 10 meters and the distances to reach them.
- To quickly learn the scales of 10, 10^0 is 1 meter, 10^2 is 100 meters, and 10^3 is 1,000 meters or one kilometer. The power is the number of zeros following the 1.
- The animation starts with the hula hoop that is one meter in diameter, 10^0 = 1 meter.
- The a circle of 30 people holding hands around the hula hoop is a circle 10 meters in diameter, 10^1 = 10 meters.
- 10^6 meters is the size of California
- 10^7 meters is the size of the Earth.
-
- 10^13 is the size of the Solar System
-
- 10^16 is the distance light travels in one year, one lightyear.
-
- 10^22 meters is the distance the Earth has traveled circling the Sun for 4.5 billion years.
-
- 10^26 is the farthest image of the Hubble Telescope Deep Field. It is the farthest image humans have seen to date.
- 10^27 is the distance to the edge of the Observable Universe. That is as far as light has traveled for 13.75 billion years since the Big Bang.
- 4.35 * 10^26 meters is the distance the Observable Universe is today, but, we can not see it because light has not reached us yet. The Universe has been expanding during the time the light of the Observable
Universe is traveling towards us. Astronomers expect the Universe is 1,000’s of times bigger than that but we just do not know how big the entire Universe really is.
- Now, let’s go back to the hula hoop and go the opposite direction dividing by the power’s of 10. 10^-2 = 0.01 meters = 1 centimeter the size of an ant.
- 10^-5 is the size of a white blood cell.
- 10^-6 is smallest thing we can see with an optical microscope. Beyond this we need to use an electron microscope.
-
- 10^-8 is DNA
-
- 10^-10 is an atom
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- 10^-14 is an atomic nucleus
-
- 10^-19 is the Bottom Quark
-
- 10^-35 is the Planck length which is the smallest dimension possible. It is the size of Quantum Foam of space and the size of a string in String Theory. Note there is a much bigger gap in the stuff we can see on the small scale.
- Show the kids how to play around with the internet animation. It is extremely educational and will help them in school to come up with examples of the scales of things. 2 meters is the size of us humans and it is interesting that we are right in the middle of the scale of the very smallest to the very biggest. How did that happen? An announcement will be made shortly, stay tuned.
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RSVP, please reply with a number to rate this review: #1- learned something new. #2 - Didn’t read it. #3- very interesting. #4- Send another review #___ from the index. #5- Keep em coming. #6- I forwarded copies to some friends. #7- Don‘t send me these anymore! #8- I am forwarding you some questions? Index is available with email and with requested reviews at http://jdetrick.blogspot.com/ Please send feedback, corrections, or recommended improvements to: jamesdetrick@comcast.net.
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707-536-3272, Tuesday, March 6, 2012
--------- #1420 - Supercomputers in the hands of engineers?
- Attachments :
- The next Industrial Revolution in the United States will be when we put “super computers ‘ in the hands of college students and engineers. New manufacturing will emerge with 3D printing, automation, and computer simulations designing the entire process and product line all the way to the consumer.
- The U.S. National Debt is a squandering of opportunities. The U.S. consumers doted on themselves rather that saving for the future. Politicians were the worst offenders and manufacturers went along.
- The idea that services and finance economies could support and sustain our great nation is a myth. America has to produce value to be strong. We have been outsourcing our strengths be cause we were happy with the easy life and forgot the sacrifice and investment we needed to get us there. We need it again if we are going to have a future. America has lost its “ values”.
- Americas next revolution to restore our economy lies in using super computers to produce valuable products and processes, then have the production reside in America. High technology employment will result making high paying jobs available for the knowledge worker. Educated workers will be more important than ever. Knowledge workers need to be designed into the system. Workers continuously maintain and improve the process, not robots.
- We are already using super computers to design airplanes ( Boeing ) , to model the dynamics of a Blackhole ( astronomy ), to forecast the weather, to simulate cancer radiation therapy ( See Review # 1416 that describes this software available free on the internet).
- Simulation of designs on super computers save time and money shortening the “ time-to-market” for new products and innovations. The entire manufacturing , logistics, and point of sale feed back can be designed in to the manufacturing simulation. Knowledge workers will use statistics and quality control techniques to continuously improve the overall process.
- Once the process is set the economies of scale will compete favorably with low cost labor around the world. Productivity and continuous process improvement is the goal. Investing and getting a return of more and better output for less costly input. The process improvements demand a steady stream of innovation from the knowledge workers.
- Super computers in the hands of students and engineers will create manufacturing start-ups. In the hands of small business men and small manufacturers supercomputers will make them competitive with the big guys. A new economy will be born.
- Government has a role to ply in supporting research and development but it needs to stop their and let the free market run with the manufacturing and business enterprise. Government role should continue in communication of best practices, education, and facilitation to help the free market thrive. But, stay out of trying to manipulate the market and social engineering to control business operations. World class manufacturing and a booming economy should be the goal using America’s land of opportunity spirit and energy.
- Government as well as business should work with Universities to fund the best research and to train the best students for employment. For government to facilitate the growth of business it needs to remove burdensome regulations, mandates that attempt to manipulate the outcomes, time delays, and administrative burdens that inhibit fast moving enterprise.
- Universities especially have the challenge to graduate an educated work force that is ready for the new industrial revolution of super computers.
- Leadership must exist in both universities, businesses, and government to communicate and educate the vision, define the strategies and build the enthusiasm for success. Super computers are the tools. Leadership is the direction. The ship cannot sail into new territories until it leaves the sight of land. Captains must steer the ship.
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RSVP, please reply with a number to rate this review: #1- learned something new. #2 - Didn’t read it. #3- very interesting. #4- Send another review #___ from the index. #5- Keep em coming. #6- I forwarded copies to some friends. #7- Don‘t send me these anymore! #8- I am forwarding you some questions? Index is available with email and with requested reviews at http://jdetrick.blogspot.com/ Please send feedback, corrections, or recommended improvements to: jamesdetrick@comcast.net.
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707-536-3272, Monday, March 5, 2012
--------- #1419 - Explaining the Gravitational Lens?
- Attachments : Hubbel Deep Field
- A gravitational lens is produced in space by a large foreground mass directly in the line of sight of a target object. The light form the target object is bend as it passes through warp space-time that surrounds the large mass. The bending light is not unlike a glass magnifying lens that focuses light and makes objects appear larger to our eyes.
- In this case the massive object is a Galaxy Cluster , RCS2 032727-1342623. The Cluster is 5,400,000 lightyears away in the Constellation Cetus the Whale. The target galaxy behind the Cluster is 9,700,000 lightyears away.
- The target galaxy’s light takes 9,700,000 years to reach us that is 70% back to the beginning of the Universe. Galaxies then were in the early star forming years and astronomers are anxious to study them. Galaxies nearby are fully matured and at the tail end of their star forming ability. Normally the distant galaxies are too far away and too dim to see. The Hubble Telescope could not capture the image if it were not for the intervening Gravitational Lens.
- The image is distorted because the Galaxy Cluster does not make a perfect lens. If the lens were perfect the image would be a perfect circle , a ring around the Cluster. However, once astronomers characterize the Cluster than can recreate the image by removing the distortions. The image has a partial arc and the astronomers use the arc to calculate the diameter of the ring if it existed. This is not unlike looking through the bottom of a wine glass pointed at a candle. You will see multiple images and distorted arcs of the flame created by the glass lens.
- The angular diameter of the ring was measured to be 38 arc seconds.
- The mass of the Galaxy Cluster can be calculated from this information. The mass is directly proportional to the diameter of the ring in radians and to the distance to the Cluster , “D”, and the distance to the target Galaxy ,”d“. It is inversely proportional to the separation of the two, “d - D“.
------------------------- Mass = Constant * ring^2 * d * D / (d - D)
- Any proportion can be transformed into a equality by using the proper constant of proportionality. In this case the Constant is proportional to the constant speed of light squared, c^2”, and inversely proportional to four time the force of gravity, “G”
-------------------- Constant = c^2 / 4 * G
------------------- Mass = (c^2 / 4 * G) * ring^2 * d * D / (d - D)
-------------------- Mass of the Galaxy Cluster
--------------------- ring is the angular diameter of the ring in radians. The ring is 38 arc seconds in diameter. 1 radian = 206,265 arc seconds.
---------------- ring = 38 / 206,265 = 1.84*10^-4
------------------ D is the distance to the Cluster = 5.4*10^9 lightyears. 1 lightyear = 9.5*10^15 meters.
------------------ D = 51.3 * 10^24 meters.
---------------- d = distance to the target Galaxy = 9.7* 10^9 lightyears = 92.15*10^24 meters.
------------------ c = constant speed of light = 38 * 10^8 meters / second
----------------- G = the gravitational constant = 6.67*10^-11 meters^3 / ( kg*sec^2)
------------------- Substituting all this into to the equation above for the mass of the Galaxy Cluster = 132.*10^43 kilograms.
----------------- The mass of the Sun is 66 * 10^13 kilograms
--------------- Therefore the mass of the Galaxy Cluster is 66,000 Solar Mass.
- How to derive these equations is over my head. But, there is a second way to calculate the mass of the Gravitational Lens, the Galaxy Cluster. The galaxies in the cluster are orbiting a common center of gravity. The orbital speed of these galaxies on average is 988 kilometers per second, or 2,210,000 miles per hour.
- The velocity is proportional to the mass and inversely proportional to the radius of the orbit. The constant of proportionality is the force of gravity, G.
------------------ v^2 = G * Mass / R
- The radius is 9.5 million lightyears. Substituting into this formula and solving for mass
---------------------- Mass = 1321*10^42 kilograms
--------------------- Mass = 66,000 Solar Mass.
- Of course, using these equations, if you know the mass of the Galaxy Cluster through other means such as this formula for the velocity and you know the distance to the Cluster you can calculate the distance to the target Galaxy.
- The distances are also calculated using the redshift in the light spectrum due to the expansion of the Universe. There are other reviews available if you want to learn how redshifts are calculated. An announcement will be made shortly , stay tuned.
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RSVP, please reply with a number to rate this review: #1- learned something new. #2 - Didn’t read it. #3- very interesting. #4- Send another review #___ from the index. #5- Keep em coming. #6- I forwarded copies to some friends. #7- Don‘t send me these anymore! #8- I am forwarding you some questions? Index is available with email and with requested reviews at http://jdetrick.blogspot.com/ Please send feedback, corrections, or recommended improvements to: jamesdetrick@comcast.net.
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707-536-3272, Saturday, March 3, 2012
--------- #1418 - Water, water, everywhere?
- Attachments :
- The population of the United States is 310,062,000.
- The population in the World that does not have access to safe drinking water is 884,000,000.
- Everyone needs water. Humans can live , at most, 7 days without water. They can go 30 days without food. An infant child is made up of 70% water. His father is 60% water and his mother is 55% water. Women tend to have more fatty tissue which has a lower water content.
- Athletes are 65% water because they evaporate so much in exercise. A tennis player can perspire 10.9 cups of water in an hour of play.
- The human brain is 70% water.
- We get most of our water from food. This might surprise you how much water our food contains.
------------------ Cucumbers are 95 % water
------------------ Potatoes 80%
------------------ Bananas 75%
------------------ Peanuts 1%
----------------- Corn flakes 4%
- An oak tree can evaporate 105 gallons of water in a day.
- Many people in developing countries only get to use 7.9 gallons of water per day. A 5 minute shower in the U.S. uses that much water. A toilet that leaks one drop per second will leak 7.2 gallons per day, that is 2,642 gallons per year.
- A camel can drink 53 gallons of water in a single day. A camel does not store water in its hump. A camel stores water in its blood stream.
- I takes 4,094 gallons of water to produce 2.2 pounds of beef.
- It takes 898 gallons of water to produce 2.2 pounds of rice.
- It takes 37 gallons of water to produce one cup of coffee.
- Where does this water come from?
- 71 % of the Earth’s surface is covered in oceans, salt water. That alone represents 96.5% of the world’s water.
-------------------- 1.74% of the water is in snow and glaciers.
-------------------- 1.7% of the water is ground water.
-------------------- 0.022% is in ice and permafrost
-------------------- 0.013% is in fresh water lakes
------------------ 0.001% is moisture in the soil
-------------------- 0.001 % is in the atmosphere. 3,100 cubic miles of water vapor is in the clouds and in humidity. The total volume of the Earth is 260,000,000,000 cubic miles, and it weighs 6*10^24 kilograms.
-------------------- 0.0008% is in swamps
-------------------- 0.0002% is in rivers
-------------------- 0.001% in in plants and animals.
- Ice is one of the very few compounds in which the liquid state is heavier than the solid state. That is why ice floats. Water is its highest density ( heaviest) when it is at 39.2 degrees.
- One water molecule consists of two hydrogen atoms and one oxygen atom. One liter of water, which is 4.2 cups, or 1.06 quarts, contains 33*10^24 water molecules, that is:
33,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 molecules.
- By weight the Earth is 45% oxygen and only 1.5% hydrogen ( 27.3% is silicon, 8l4% is aluminum, 6.2% is iron.). 60% of the water delivered to consumers in Saudi Arabia is lost due to leaky pipes. You would think that with all that oil money they could fix their pipes. Singapore looses 6% of its water due to leaks. 70% of my brain is water. That explains a lot. An announcement will be made shortly , stay tuned.
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RSVP, please reply with a number to rate this review: #1- learned something new. #2 - Didn’t read it. #3- very interesting. #4- Send another review #___ from the index. #5- Keep em coming. #6- I forwarded copies to some friends. #7- Don‘t send me these anymore! #8- I am forwarding you some questions? Index is available with email and with requested reviews at http://jdetrick.blogspot.com/ Please send feedback, corrections, or recommended improvements to: jamesdetrick@comcast.net.
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707-536-3272, Friday, March 2, 2012
