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- How do Blackholes behave? Astronomers at Stanford University have discovered a new twist in Blackhole behavior. Using very complex computer simulations astronomers have re-created the Blackhole rotation with an Event Horizon and an accretion disk.
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- The model was constructed from studying M87 Galaxy ( See footnote 1 ). M87 has a massive Blackhole at its core. There are two types of Blackholes: Galactic Blackhole have billions of Solar Mass. Stellar Blackholes have hundreds of Solar Mass.
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- Stellar Blackholes occur when a large star dies. Once a massive star, say 30 Solar Mass, runs out of all of its fusion fuel, which means it has fused all the elements up to the element iron, it can no longer prevent the collapse of the star due to the pressure of gravity. Iron will not fuse without absorbing energy. All the lighter elements emit energy when they fuse. This is the energy, or radiation, that opposes gravity preventing collapse. When this radiation stops gravity collapses all the mass into the core. The core will become a Neutron Star or a Blackhole.
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- Which it becomes depends on the mass of the core and therefore the force of gravity. If the atomic structure collapse electrons into the nuclei forming neutrons the core becomes a tremendously dense Neutron Star. Billions of tons of neutrons condense into the size of a teaspoon. If the mass is greater and the force of gravity is greater the neutrons themselves collapse into a singularity, a Blackhole is formed. What makes it a Blackhole is the gravity is so strong not even light can escape.
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- Blackholes have an Event Horizon, a spherical edge where the radius of the Blackhole is small enough and gravity is strong enough that light photons bend back on themselves and fail to go past the edge. Blackholes can spin and their immense gravity will drag frames of space-time around with them as they rotate.
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- An accretion disk is formed by all the material that is spiraling into the Blackhole. The friction of the rotating disk of charged particles creates a balloon of magnetic field. The charged particles accelerated by the rotating magnetic field creates electric currents. At the poles of rotation these currents of charged particles shoot out the poles as powerful jets of superheated plasma. Plasma is a fluid of charged particles.
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- Near the Blackhole Event Horizon the particles are rubbing together, heating to billions of degrees. A plasma is created of charged particles that spray out the poles at nearly the speed of light.
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- Astronomers can not see the Blackhole, but, they can see the powerful jets. The Blackhole at the center of M87 Galaxy is 7,000,000,000 Solar Mass. It is 53 million lightyears away. The jets themselves stretch out into space for hundreds of thousands of lightyears.
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- It is with powerful computer simulations that astronomers discovered that the magnetic field through the orbiting disk of plasma creates the electric currents that become the jets. If the axis of the disk is misaligned with the axis of rotation the jets spiral out the poles like a garden sprinkler. Eventually the jets will become aligned with the axis of rotation an become a single spray straight out of the poles.
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- It is the magnetic field that is actually moving the disk of plasma around. The jets become the dominate force over the Blackhole. There is more energy in them than in the Blackhole itself.
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- The escape velocity for any object is proportional directly to the mass ( gravity ) and inversely proportional to the radius. A baseball traveling straight up at 25,000 miles per hour will escape the gravity of Earth. The formula for calculating Escape Velocity is:
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-------------------- Ve^2 = ( Mass / radius ) * 13.34*10^-11
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- When we set Ve = to the speed of light we can calculate the radius of the Event Horizon for a Blackhole.
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----------------- 9 *10^16 = ( Mass / radius ) * 13.34*10^-11
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----------------- radius = mass * 1.5*10^-27
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------------------- Solar Mass = 2 * 10^30 kilograms
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------------------ radius = (3 * Solar Mass ) kilometers
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- This becomes a very simple equation to calculate the radius of a Blackhole Event horizon.
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------------------- r = 3 * Ms
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- M87, NGC 4486 is an elliptical galaxy in the Constellation Virgo the Virgin. It apparent brightness is magnitude 8.6. 7 trillion Solar Mass.
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- Other reviews about Blackholes, request #1508, #1441, #1244, #1350
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RSVP, please reply with a number to rate this review: #1- learned something new. #2 - Didn’t read it. #3- very interesting. #4- Send another review #___ from the index. #5- Keep em coming. #6- I forwarded copies to some friends. #7- Don‘t send me these anymore! #8- I am forwarding you some questions? Index is available with email upon request. Some reviews are at http://jdetrick.blogspot.com Please send feedback, corrections, or recommended improvements to: jamesdetrick@comcast.net. ---- “Jim Detrick” -- www.facebook.com, -- www.twitter.com, -- 707-536-3272 Tuesday, January 15, 2013
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