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- What is the biggest problem for all of science? The biggest problem is that nearly 3/4ths of the universe contains something we know nothing about. The universe is expanding at an accelerated rate. This is being caused by Dark Energy that composes 73% of the total mass-energy in the universe. And, we have no idea what it is? In addition 85% of the mass holding galaxies together is composed of an unknown called Dark Matter?
- No, the biggest problem is when astronomers run all this Dark Energy and Dark Matter backwards in time. All the mass-energy gets compressed into a single point having infinite density. All the matter, all the radiation, all the forces, electromagnetic, weak and strong nuclear forces, gravity itself get compressed into this point. All the forces came from one single force. We think the point passes through a Blackhole, but, what is on the other side of the Blackhole's event horizon where nothing escapes? How can all this spring from "nothing". That has got to be the biggest problem in science.
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- - A Blackhole is a body so massive, it's gravity so intense, that nothing, not even information to know what is inside can ever escape. We think that the core of the Blackhole is an infinitesimal point into which "everything" is crushed. Called a "Gravitational Singularity".
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- Of course, all of this is speculation. We have physical laws that work up to where an event horizon exists. After that the physics is all up for speculation. It is a blackhole in our knowledge. Whatever happens there, stays there.
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- When the strength of gravity becomes infinite the known laws of physics break down. To even get close the equations must assume a perfectly spherical star, or a pefect spherical universe. Everything must be perfectly uniform. Homogeneous. Under these ideal conditions an event horizon would form.
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- However, real stars are more complicated, the geometry of the universe is more complicated. Under these complications do event horizons, blackholes, and singularities actually form?
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- When the collapsing material is not uniform it is possible to have different points of density without infinite points of gravity.
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- Maybe singularities can form but not in the geometric center of the collapse. Maybe spinning and shearing can create a gravitational typhoon sending powerful shockwaves ejecting matter and light from the Blackhole. In that way things can escape a Blackhole.
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- Physicists are inventing new math, and, new theories, to explain these cosmic events. String Theory and Loop Quantum Gravity are two of these explorations.
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- In string theory all particles of matter are infinitesimally small, vibrating strings.
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- In loop quantum gravity all space consists of infinitesimally small "atoms".
- In the Theory of Relativity gravity creates a singularity. A Blackhole forms in which nothing not even information, can escape. Maybe these new theories being explored can create a crack in which we can see inside a Blackhole?
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- If a singularity is covered by the event horizon then you can never see it. If it is not, it is called a "naked singularity".
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- According to the Theory of General Relativity the Big Bang started as a singularity. The math of quantum mechanics breaks down because it does not allow particles to enter a space smaller than their wavelength.
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- The math of general relativity breaks down when time equals zero, all spatial dimensions have size equals zero, density equals infinity, temperature equals infinity, space-time curvature equals infinity, that is there is no solution.
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- If my motorcycle, my bones, Earth, and the Moon, all the planets, all the stars, all the galaxies get compressed to the point all the atoms collapse into neutrons, then the neutrons collapse into a Blackhole, where they too collapse into quarks and gluons and who knows what other fundamental particles, then you have a singularity. A hot plasma of charged particle soup that gets squeezed into a point.
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- It is not just matter that collapses. Electromagnetic forces collapse into Weak Nuclear forces, that collapses into the Strong Nuclear force that collapses into the Gravitational force. Even gravity goes into the point with everything else. Everything collapses into energy.
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- However, this point was not the start of the Universe. We call it the Big Bang and tend to think of it as an explosion. The energy expanded and cooled and matter condensed out of the energy. The four forces condensed out of the energy.
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- But, an explosion is not a perfect model for us in thinking about the starting point of the Universe. It was not exploding or expanding into anything. Space itself was created and it was expanding. Volume increases but there was no edge to the volume.
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- How can we have finite volume and no edges in an expanding Universe?
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- A better model is to think in 2-dimensions. Think of a 2- dimensional surface area of a sphere. The surface has a finite area with no edges. The expanding Universe is often explained as dots on a balloon. As we blow up the balloon all the dots on the surface mover away from each other.
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- A more accurate model is in the math but nearly impossible for us to visualize. Think about a 3- dimensional model on the surface of a 4-dimensional sphere.
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- We do not know the geometric shape of the universe. We do know it is curved. We think it is finite in volume with no edges.
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- On the surface of a 4-dimensional sphere no matter which direction you went in any of 3-dimensions you would eventually come back to the same point. Of course, if the sphere was expanding faster than the speed of light then you would not go fast enough to ever get back to where you started.
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- The singularity is a single point that is a 4-dimensional sphere The 3-D surface has no edge. Everything is expanding from everything else. It has a finite volume with no edges.
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- The Big Bang singularity did not create the Universe. It was just the start of the Universe. Universe was already there. That's the point.
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-------------- Singularity, too end on a point!
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RSVP, with comments, suggestions and corrections. An index of all reviews is available. Some reviews are at: -------------------- http://jdetrick.blogspot.com
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------ www.twitter.com or cell: 707-536-3272 ------ Tuesday, December 17, 2013
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