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------------------ - 1869 - Blackhole mysteries, how big can they get?
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- Jupiter is 17 times the mass of the Earth.
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- The Sun is 500 times the mass of the Earth.
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- The Milky Way Blackhole is 4,000,000 times “the mass of the Sun“. Called the Solar Mass. One Solar Mass is 2*10^30 kilograms.
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- Astronomers have found a Blackhole that is 17,000,000,000 Solar Mass. In an isolated galaxy 200 million lightyears from us is a Blackhole 17 billion times the mass of our Sun. That is an extremely massive Blackhole at the center of a large galaxy in a relatively empty area of space. It is over 4,000 times bigger than the one at the center of our Milky Way galaxy.
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- Astronomers expected to find these super massive Blackholes in Galaxy Clusters, not in isolated space like this particular galaxy, NGC1600. Astronomers are studying this galaxy closely to learn how such a massive body could form all by itself.
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- As stars and interstellar gas orbit closer to the Blackhole their velocity increases in order to stay in orbit and to not be swallowed up by the immense gravity. For over a century astronomers have known that the “period of orbit squared” is equal to the “ radius of orbit cubed”. The period is the time of orbit in years. The radius of orbit is in Astronomical Units ( AU). An AU is the Sun-Earth distance which is 93 million miles.
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--------------------------- p^2 = r^3
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- Converting this formula from years and AU to metric units, kilograms, seconds, and meters:
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------------------ p^2 = 4 * pi^2 * r^3 / G * M
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------------------ M = 4 * pi^2 * r^3 / G * p^2
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------------------ p = 2*pi*r / v
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-------------------- M = r * v^2 / G
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---------------- G = the gravitational constant = 6.6710^-11 m^3 / kg * sec^2
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- Using the Doppler Shift , redshift, blueshift, of the frequency of light of orbiting ionized gas we get the speed of orbit to be 800 kilometers per second, ( 1,790,000 miles per hour). The radius of orbit is measured to be 60 lightyears ( 5.6 * 10^7 meters).
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--------------------- M = ( 5.6*10^17) * ( 8.0*10^5) / (6.67*10*-11)
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--------------------- M = 5.4*10^39 kilograms
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- Converting this to Solar Mass, which is 2*10^30 kg:
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------------------- M = 2.7*10^9 Solar Mass
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- Therefore the mass inside the orbit is 2,700,000,000, 2.7 billion , times the mass of the Sun. Nearly all this mass must be in the Blackhole.
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- Our theory of how massive Blackholes form coming from the study of NGC1600 is that two galaxies collided and merged. The Blackholes at the centers became a binary system orbiting each other. The binary system would destabilize the orbits of nearby stars. Some stars would be swallowed by the Blackhole. Some stars would get sling shot out of the galaxy into free space ( action equals reaction). Each ejection would be a loss of energy and the binary orbits of the Blackholes would get smaller. Eventually the two Blackholes would merge into a single suppressive Blackhole.
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- Blackholes are still the most mysterious objects in the Cosmos. And, our Universe could be riddled with these monster Blackholes.
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- Another mystery with Blackholes is the math tells us there is a “ firewall” orbiting any Blackhole that annihilates any matter that crosses that boundary. The math comes form Einstein’s’ Theory of Relativity. The massive object bends space-time so steeply it folds back on itself and not even the sped of light does not have the escape velocity needed to get past this boundary.
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- However, in 1970 Stephen Hawking proposed that if particles were “ entangled” they could get separated at the boundary. One would get sucked into the Blackhole and the other would be flung into outer space to escape.
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- Quantum Mechanics has two principles, “ Quantum Determinism” and “ Reversibility” that suggest that “ Information” must always be preserved, even inside the Blackhole. The mystery is if Information is lost when it crossed the “firewall“?
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- Hawking suggested that his Hawking Radiation allows matter to escape from a Blackhole. Does information escape with it? In 2012 physicists proposed that the high-energy density firewall did not exist because the space-time curvature is negligibly small at the Event Horizon of very large Blackholes .
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- Would the “surface” of the Blackhole destroy anything falling in? Including information?
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- This new math analysis suggests that the region of quantum-mechanical destruction can migrate outside the Blackhole due to Quantum fluctuations in Hawking Radiation. In this case the actual “ firewall” would be visible from outside the Blackhole. In this case the actual destruction of in falling material would be visible.
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- So, the mysteries continues. Just how black is a Blackhole? Is all information on the structure of matter lost inside the Blackhole? Is some entangled matter allowed to escape? Would these entangled particles that escape duplicate the information that is inside the Blackhole so information can be preserved? Stay tuned , an announcement will be made shortly.
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- Request these Reviews to learn more about Blackholes:
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- #1843 - Great walls in space with Blackholes.
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- #1819 - new discovies many close the gap between stellar Blackholes and galactic Blackholes. It is estimated that there are 100,000,000 Blackholes in our own galaxy.
- There are 21 more reviews available listed in these reviews. Too many to list here.
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- to: ------- jamesdetrick@comcast.net ------ “Jim Detrick” -----------
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----- 707-536-3272 ---------------- Monday, May 9, 2016 -----
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