- 2020 - Blackholes, when did they first appear? How did the first stars form and how did they create the first blackholes, called quasars? How old was the Universe when these first stars happened? How are colliding blackholes and detecting gravitational waves helping in our understanding the birth of the universe?
-
-
- After the Big Bang , it took 380,000 years for the temperature to cool enough for atoms to form. At that time , the Universe became mostly all hydrogen two atoms each with one electron and one proton. It took another few hundred million years before this hydrogen gas could coalesce into the first stars. The stars clustered into galaxies. The oldest galaxy existing 400 million years after the Big Bang.
-
- This also was when the first quasars appeared. Quasars are the center of galaxies powered by super massive blackholes. They are so luminous they can be seen in the farthest reaches of space. The most distant quasars are the oldest and most ancient.
-
- The quasars are fueled by blackholes a billion times the mass of that of the sun. The oldest and most distant quasar discovered to date existed just 600 million years after the Big Bang.
-
- Astronomers can see the region of blackholes by the light emitted by matter falling into the center of these galaxies , the Blackhole.
-
- Blackholes are thought to form, mathematically speaking, when a mass ten times of the sun exhausts its nuclear fuel and begins to cool and contract. Eventually gravity wins and the star collapses, igniting a supernova explosion leaving behind a Blackhole. However, this could not have been how the very first blackholes formed.
- The first stars formed from primordial gas 200 million years after the Big Bang. These first stars were massive, 200 Solar Mass. They were likely formed in dense clusters of stars. They could have merged giving rise to blackholes of several hundred Solar Mass.
-
- When cosmic inflation occurred these primordial blackholes may have coalesced from tiny fluctuations in the density of the expanding cosmos.
A Blackhole would grow exponentially , doubling in mass every 10 million years.
-
- Gas disks cool down more with molecular hydrogen, 2 hydrogen atoms bound together, rather than atomic hydrogen, which consists of only one hydrogen atom. Radiation from the first stars could break down molecular hydrogen creating atomic hydrogen and slowing the cooling process. This would keep the gas too hot to even form stars.
-
- In general the stars in a galaxy out weigh the central Blackhole by a factor of 1,000. In the above scenario the blackhole would briefly exceed that of all the orbiting stars in that galaxy.
-
- Evidence is that central blackholes play an important role in adjusting how many stars form in the galaxy they inhabit. The energy produced by
in-falling material radiates out to the surrounding gas preventing cooling and halting star production. The jets fromed at the poles could heat up gas in the outer regions also shutting down star formation.
-
- Substantiating these theories are in the works. The LIGO experiment is detecting gravitational waves from colliding blackholes weighing 36 and 29 Solar Mass. The data collected may give us insights on how space-time works around these events.
-
- Observing pulsing stars could detect tremors in space-time caused by an accumulated signal of multiple blackholes. More revelations about blackholes and the birth of the universe are in our future
-
- Which scenario produced the first stars and galaxies? Or, were both instrumental in producing the universe we have today? The James Webb Space Telescope to be launched next year, 2019, should help us find some answers. And, create some new questions.
-
--------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
- HERE ARE SOME MORE REVIEWS AVAILABLE:
-
- 1926. - Are there rogue blackholes wandering through our galaxy? Are there blackholes that we calling Dark Matter?
-
- 1918 - Which came first the central blackhole or the galaxy?
-
- 1908 - How the mass of a blackhole is calculated?
-
- 1819. - The history of discovery of blackholes. Reviews 1918 and 1819 lists even more Reviews about blackholes going back to #592 dated December, 2005.
-
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
---- Comments appreciated and Pass it on to whomever is interested. ----
--- Some reviews are at: -------------- http://jdetrick.blogspot.com -----
-- email feedback, corrections, request for copies or Index of all reviews
- to: ------- jamesdetrick@comcast.net ------ “Jim Detrick” -----------
- https://plus.google.com/u/0/ -- www.facebook.com -- www.twitter.com
----- 707-536-3272 ---------------- Thursday, February 15, 2018 -----
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
No comments:
Post a Comment