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- -------------------------------- 2029 - MARS - Exploration and Discoveries.
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- OUR NEIGHBORS
-- Mars exploration started with a spacecraft roaming the surface on January 2004. It has just completed its 5,000th Martian Day on the planet. There have been many discoveries with over 20 successful missions.
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- Mars Rover was recently exploring some of the slopes within the Perseverance Valley. The soil and gravel particles appear be organized into narrow rows , or corrugations, parallel to the slope. These signs have convinced scientists that Mars has experienced some water flow. That water now frozen at the poles vaporized and became snow accumulating nearer the equator.
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- Rocks carved by sand blowing up hill from the creator floor and wind sorting larger particles into rows parallel to the slope. Debris from relatively fresh impact craters is scattered over the surface of the area. Science is entertaining multiple hypotheses and gather more data to figure out how all these configurations occurred.
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- Science also has to figure out the mechanics that led to the atmosphere being depleted turning into the cold desiccated environment we see today.
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- Mars is believed to have had warm flowing water on its surface even though the Sun was 1/3 as warm as it is today. Roughly 3 .5 billion years ago Mars’ surface had lakes and flowing rivers. Rover has found lakebeds that gradually became filled with sedimentary deposits.
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- For Mars to have been warm enough for liquid water to be flowing on its surface the atmosphere must have once contained carbon dioxide. The carbon dioxide would need to be sufficient enough to create the greenhouse effect in order to compensate for the Sun’s diminished warmth.
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- The mystery deepens because exploration has not been able to find even traces of carbonates in the rock samples. Scientists are still struggling to produce models that show how the Martian climate could have produced these conditions.
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- The Curiosity Spacecraft traversed through streambeds in deltas and hundreds of vertical feet deposits believed to be ancient lakes which required a system supplying flowing water. Science is searching for another explanation besides carbon dioxide in the atmosphere as a possibility in achieving these results.
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- Volcanic activity , which Mars is still experiencing even today, may have triggered the release of floodwaters which created debris and erosion. These features are found throughout the region.
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- The northern hemisphere of Mars contains buried glaciers, chunks of ice , that became buried over time. This is evidence of ancient glaciers that have retreated several hundred million years ago.
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- Wind borne dust has buried the ice over time. Also, the ice shows evidence of the volcanic activity. The ice has streaks of dark material within the impact craters.
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- Evidence of water on Mars began in 2008 with the Mars Reconnaissance Orbiter that used penetrating radar to locate water ice under the blankets of rocky debris. The theory is that the aprons of rocky debris were lubricated by small amounts of ice.
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- The current ExoMars mission in November 2016 concluded that there were plenty of ice deposits all across the surface of Mars. It is now believed that Mars experienced an Ice Age much like that of Earth.
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- There are seven active missions operating on Mars including the NASA Rover. The Mars Express mission has been actively surveying the surface of Mars since 2003. Unfortunately the XL Mars Lander of 2016 that was sent down to the surface did not survive the landing. However, the XO Mars Orbiting Satellite continues to take photos of the surface and provides analysis from four different scientific instruments. These instruments are measuring methane, carbon dioxide, and evidence of water.
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- Using ground penetrating shallow radar instruments satellites have found deposits of water ice from 260 feet to 550 feet below the surface. Water ice cannot persist on the surface of Mars because it sublimes into the planet’s thin dry atmosphere.
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- The actual tilt of Mars at 25° large amounts of water ice to accumulate at the poles The Curiosity Rover collected samples from stone slabs with the drill feeding half aspirin size portions into the onboard lab. The analysis identified traces of elements like carbon, hydrogen, nitrogen, oxygen and more of the basic building blocks for life. It also found sulfur compounds in different chemical forms which could be a possible energy source for microbes.
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- OTHER REVIEWS ARE AVAILABLE:
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- 1905 - Mars explorations in 2016. Salt water is frozen one meter beneath the surface.
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- 1877 - it is not physics that is producing oxygen, its life. Oxygen did not shown in our atmosphere until 2.3 billion years ago. The Earth is 4.5 billion years old.
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- 1860 - Space missions to Mars and Ceres have collected enough data to keep astronomers working for decades. This Review lists 7 additional Reviews about Mars.
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- 1796 - Discusses the 20 successful missions to Mars.
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--- Some reviews are at: -------------- http://jdetrick.blogspot.com -----
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- to: ------- jamesdetrick@comcast.net ------ “Jim Detrick” -----------
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----- 707-536-3272 ---------------- Tuesday, February 27, 2018 -----
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