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-------------------------- 1295 - EARTH - How the Earth was Formed?
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- Supernovae occur all the time and many of the stars you see in the sky have long since died and exploded into the interstellar medium. When a supernova explodes it is like 1,000,000,000,000 hydrogen bombs going off all at once. If a supernova exploded within 500 lightyears of us, we’d be goners.
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- On a good night it might be possible for you to count 6,000 stars. If you are looking at one area of the sky you could maybe count 2,000. Put on binoculars and you could see maybe 50,000 stars, 25 times as many stars come into view.
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- Substitute a 2-inch telescope and you could see 300,000 stars in that same area, 150 times as many stars as the naked eye can see. Upgrade to a 16 inch telescope and you could see 50,000 to 100,000 galaxies each with billions of stars. However, the individual stars in the galaxies would be too small to pick out individually.
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- A typical galaxy with 100,000,000,000 stars will have one supernova explosion every 200 to 300 years. The Crab Nebula that we see today was a supernova witnessed with the naked eye in 1054. In 1604 Johan Kepler witnessed a supernova that lasted in the sky for 3 weeks. In 1987 a supernova was seen that occurred in a neighborhood galaxy, the Large Magellanic Cloud. It was 169,000 lightyears away from us.
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- 4,600,000,000 years ago gas and dust that was spread across 15,000,000,000 miles of space began to condense due to a steady accumulation of gravity as the cloud got denser and denser. 99.9% of all this space dust was used to create the Sun.
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- The rest was debris that was used to create the rest of the Solar System. The mass collected at the core of the Sun was squeezed to temperatures of 100 million degrees. The core ignited with nuclear fusion converting hydrogen into helium.
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- The 0.1% of the interstellar dust that was still orbiting the Sun spread out in a rotating accretion disk. The electrostatic force amongst the dust particles began to cause clumps. As these clumps grew gravity began to create mergers and collisions and larger clumps. The multiple collisions created asteroids, comets, and planets that swept through their orbits collecting more debris in a rain of meteorites.
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- All the material that collected on our planet and these other orbiting objects came from the elements created in the earlier supernovae explosions. In 200,000,000 years the whole process was completed to create the Earth and the seven other planets. All the asteroids and comets were never large enough for their gravity to create larger objects.
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- However, the collisions and mergers are still occurring to this day. In fact, a large collision just 65,000,000 years ago in the Yucatan, Mexico, peninsula was so massive it killed all of the dinosaurs that roamed the Earth at that time. One of the earlier collisions between the Earth and a Mars-sized object created the Moon.
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- In fact, the massive splash put into orbit 2 moons. See Review 1291 “Two Moons” to learn more about this event.
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- August 13, 2019 1295
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--------------------- Tuesday, August 13, 2019 --------------------
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