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-------------------- 2581 - NUMBERS - how to deal with large numbers?
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- Exponents help us deal with large numbers. 10^2 is simply 100. 10^3 = 1,000.
10^6 = 1 million. And 10^9 is one billion, 1,000,000,000.
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- From the grains of sand on all the beaches on Earth to the number of stars in the sky, our universe is teeming with big numbers. Miles beneath our feet, there could lie a quadrillion tons of diamonds , 10^15 tons of diamonds..
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- 10^0 is actually equal to one. In fact, any number raised to the zero power is also equal to “one“.
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- Any number raised to n ^1 is that same number. 10^1 = 10. It is only when we get to larger numbers that exponents come into play. 10^8 = 100,000,000. 0r, one hundred thousand.
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- The total energy that makes up the microbes, plants, oceans, planets, stars and galaxies, our entire universe is probably is equal to zero. That's because the negative energy in the universe most likely cancels out the positive energy. So lets start with zero.
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- Physicists consider light, matter and antimatter to be positive energy, while all the gravitational energy between particles has a negative charge. So, everything balances out. A ball at rest on a table has no energy, but if the ball falls off the table, it gains positive energy that is exactly canceled out by negative gravitational energy that is pulling it.
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- The Big Bang threw the universe off the "table" where it was resting, as light and matter began moving. And now we are falling. But all the positive energy we gain while falling is balanced out by the negative gravitational field created by these moving particles.
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- There are over half a million pieces of space junk, 5^10^5 , or 500,000, both meteors and artificial particles, larger than the size of a marble that orbit the Earth. Millions more are too small to track.
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- One million planets, 10^6, all capable of supporting life, could theoretically orbit a supermassive black hole. A black hole that has a mass 1 million times that of the sun and a ring of nine sun-like stars around it could hold 400 rings of planets. Each ring would have 2,500 Earth-mass planets.
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- 18 Billion = 18*10^9. Every year, 18 billion lbs. (8 billion kilograms) of plastic waste enters the oceans around the world. All of this plastic harms marine life. Turtles are gagging on straws, while whales and seabirds are starving because their bellies are stuffed with plastic, leaving no room for food. Around 40 percent of all the world's plastic is produced for packaging, and over 80 percent of plastic used is “not recycled“.
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- 500 Billion = 500*10^9. An average male produces around 525 billion sperm cells over a lifetime and loses around 1 billion of them a month. In contrast, women are born with around 2 million egg follicles but release only about 450 mature eggs for fertilization in their lifetimes. Why the disparity? "Sperm competition" is an "evolutionary imperative" for males across species.
- 3 Trillion = 3 * 10^9. There are over 3 trillion trees in the world. And each year, humans may be removing around 15 billion trees while planting just 5 billion. Since the last ice age, 11,000 years ago, humans may have already removed 3 trillion trees.
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- Quadrillion = 10^15. The Earth's interior may be filled with a quadrillion tons of diamonds. But these diamonds are unreachable, located around 90 to 150 miles (145 to 240 km) below the surface of the Earth in "roots" of cratons, or large sections of rock that lie beneath most continental tectonic plates.
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- A group of scientists found that seismic waves, or vibrations that run below Earth's surface and vary based on the makeup of the rocks they travel through, tended to speed up when moving through cratonic roots. Their speeds matched those found for virtual rock models composed in part by diamonds.
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- Quintillion = 7.5 * 10^18. Ever wanted to count the grains of sand on a beach? Scientists estimated that there are around 7 quintillion grains of sand on all the world's beaches. Well, actually 7 quintillion, 500 quadrillion grains of sand, or 7.5 with 18 zeroes after it.
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- Sextillion = 24.64 x10^21. Humanity may have left 24 sextillion, 640 quintillion footprints on this planet since our very early days. This calculation was made assuming an average person walks 10,000 steps a day and lives to the age of 65. I am limited to about 5 blocks so I am not adding much to this total. Scientists identified some of the oldest human footprints found in North America, dating back 13,000 years.
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- Septillion = 10^24. There are around 1 septillion (10^24) stars in the universe. This calculation assumed there were around 10 trillion galaxies in the universe and multiplied that by the Milky Way's estimated 100 billion stars. But even this giant number could be an underestimate since we don't really know how large the universe is. The observable universe goes back around 13.8 billion years. Beyond that, it could be infinite.
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- 10^27 . There are around 920 to 3,170 octillion microbes on the planet (920 x 10^27 to 3170 x 10^27).
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- 10^30 . Nonillion = 10^30. It would take around 160 nonillion (160 x 10^30) Great Pyramids of Giza to match the mass of the Milky Way.
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- 10^36. Undecillion = 10^36. Back in 2014, a man sued New York City, restaurant chain Au Bon Pain, Hoboken University, LaGuardia Airport, the New York Metropolitan Transit Authority and thousands of others for a … dog bite. The total amount of damages requested? 2 undecillion or (2 x 10^36). That's more money than exists on the planet.
- 10^51. Sexdecillion = 10^51. The mass of the observable universe is 30 sexdecillion kg (30 x 10^51 kg), which is equivalent to about 25 billion galaxies the size of the Milky Way.
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- 10^78. There are around 100 quinvigintillion atoms on the planet, or 100 x 10^78. By mass, around 75 percent of the universe is hydrogen and 25 percent is helium.
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- Googolplex. If you fill the entire observable universe with fine dust particles around 1.5 micrometers big, the total number of combinations in which these particles can be arranged is equal to one googolplex.
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- 10^100. American mathematician invented the number “googol’ to describe 10 to the hundredth power (10^100).
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- Here is another number that is so big it has no name. Take a collection of books that are each 410 pages long, with 3,200 characters per page; the number of these books that would hold every combination of characters (i.e., every possible sequence of every book that has or possibly could be written in any language ) would be around 10 to the power of 2 million, or 10 followed by 2 million zeros.
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- This is "The Total Library". That is all I am going to say on this subject. A man of few words. And, fewer numbers.
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- January 10, 2020 2581
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--------------------- Saturday, January 11, 2020 --------------------
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