- 3144 - LIGHT - changes with energy? Light is all around us. If we add energy to light it changes. Add energy to red light and it changes to blue light. The energy levels that our human eye can detect range from 2 electron volts for red light to 3 electron volts for blue light.
- ----------------------- 3144 - LIGHT - changes with energy?
- The whole spectrum of colors is in between these energies. The red light has a wavelength of 700 nanometers and the blue light has a wavelength of 400 nanometers. Note that the higher energy light has shorter wavelengths.
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- Shorter wavelengths correspond to higher frequencies since the product of wavelength times frequency equals velocity and the velocity of light is always constant, 186,000 miles per second. Therefore the frequency of red light is 428 trillion cycles per second and the frequency of blue light is 750 trillion cycles per second. The higher the energy the higher the frequency.
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- This formula for electromagnetic energy comes from the simple equation, E = h*f.
“h” is the symbol for Planck’s Constant, which is 6.63 * 10^-34. So, the energy of light in all forms is:
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---------------------- Energy = 6.6*10^-34 * frequency.
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---------------------- E = h * f
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- If we add energy to visible light the wavelengths get smaller and the frequency of oscillation gets higher. Adding energy to blue light creates ultraviolet light. Adding more energy creates X-rays. X-rays can have wavelengths of 0.01 nanometers. The energy levels of 100,000 electron volts.
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- The diameter of the atom is 0.1 nanometers and the diameter of the nucleus of the atom is 0.00001 nanometers ( 10^-14 meters). So, you can see that the wavelengths of X-rays are at the atomic scale.
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- Adding energy to X-rays creates Gamma rays. Gamma Rays can have wavelengths smaller than 0.0001 nanometers and frequencies of 3,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 cycles per second ( 3*10^21 hertz). Energy levels of 12,500,000 electron volts.
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- Of course we are talking about a continuous electronic spectrum and there is no clear dividing line for when a wavelength is an X-ray and when it is a Gamma ray. The convention most often used is to say if the wavelength is emitted from the atom’s electrons it is an X-ray. It the wavelength is emitted from the atom’s nucleus, which is much smaller dimension, the radiation is a Gamma ray.
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- What happens if we add energy to Gamma rays? What does this create? This is where E = m*c^2 comes in. Energy is converted to mass. And mass can be converted back to energy.
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- The amount of energy is directly proportional to the amount of mass. Whenever things are proportional they can be turned into an equality if you us the proper “Constant of Proportionality“. In the case the Constant is the speed of light squared, 9*10^16.
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--------------------------- Energy = 9*10^16 * mass.
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--------------------------- E = c^2 * m
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- Combining these two equations you can calculate the frequency of oscillations for all mass:
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------------------ frequency = 1.36*10^50 * mass.
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Or, ------------ mass = 0.74*10^-50 * frequency.
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Or, ----------- wavelength = 2.2*10^-42 / mass
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- So, you can see if you study these equations that the mass must be very small to have a noticeable wavelength in proportion to the mass. And, the frequencies must be very, very high.
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- All mass has a corresponding wavelength. An electron microscope works because an electron has a corresponding wavelength. The mass of an electron is 9.11*10^-31 kilograms. Using the above formula the wavelength of an electron is 0.0024 nanometers.
The mass energy of an electron is 511,000 electron volts.
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- Using these same calculations for a proton the mass energy is 938,000,000 electron volts. The wavelength of a proton is 0.00000132 nanometers.
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- What happens when you and more energy. Now, you are approaching the Big Bang and we don’t know. The quantum mechanics equations with Planck’s Constant no longer work. The Theory of Relativity with E = m*c^2 no longer works.
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- At the energies and dimensions these equations come up with infinities which is the same as saying the math can’t handle them. There is a realm of physics that combines Relativity and Quantum Mechanics but we have not discovered it yet.
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- CERN’s Large Hadron Collider uses proton to anti-proton collisions to produce the highest energies every produced on Earth. Science hopes to learn something. Stay tuned.
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- Here are some more reviews available to learn about light.
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- 3132 - LIGHT - speed and power? It is crazy math and a rash of scientific units but it illustrates that light comes from electricity and magnetism. Maxwell made this discovery simply looking at his equations trying to understand how electricity and magnetism works. You can understand it simply by reading this Review:
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- 3132 - LIGHT - speed and power? It is crazy math and a rash of scientific units but it illustrates that light comes from electricity and magnetism. Maxwell made this discovery simply looking at his equations trying to understand how electricity and magnetism works. You can understand it simply by reading this Review:
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- 3124 - LIGHT - standing on a light beam? The electromagnetic force carried by photons is basically light. It is these light photons that travel between the electrons and the protons in the nucleus of atoms. So, you could say that light beams are holding you at the surface of the Earth. It is the light between the atomic particles that is holding you up.
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- 3118 - LIGHT - bending around the Sun? This review is about Gamma, the factor by which light speed increases mass, contracts length in space, and slows down time. Nothing could be stranger
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- 3073 - LIGHT - Light Spectrum discovered? Light is radiation that is emitted and absorbed by matter. Light is electromagnetic radiation because it is a combination of electric waves and magnetic waves that travel at high speeds oriented perpendicular to each other.
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- 2775 - LIGHT - why the constant speed? The speed of light is 299,792,458 meters per second. But why does it have the value that it does? Why isn't it some other number? And why do we care so much about some random speed of electromagnetic waves? Why did it become such a cornerstone of physics?
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- 2751 - LIGHT - Interferometers? The light wave interferometer is one of the most accurate instruments known. The new comb generators will make them more accurate then today’s atomic clocks. Light interferometers and atom interferometers are ultra-precise measurements that will be used to discover many new things.
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- May 2, 2021 - LIGHT - changes with energy? 1171 3144
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--------------------- --- Sunday, May 2, 2021 ---------------------------
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