- 3188 - - JUPITER - Juno spacecraft visit? - The Juno spacecraft has been gathering data on the Jupiter, the gas giant, since July 2016. It will continue to be an explorer of the full Jovian system. This spacecraft is the most distant planetary orbiter. It will now continue its investigation of the solar system’s largest planet through September 2025, or until the spacecraft’s end of life.
- --------------------------- 3188 - JUPITER - Juno spacecraft visit?
- The Juno spacecraft has been gathering data on the Jupiter, the gas giant, since July 2016. It will continue to be an explorer of the full Jovian system. This spacecraft is the most distant planetary orbiter. It will now continue its investigation of the solar system’s largest planet through September 2025, or until the spacecraft’s end of life.
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- This expansion tasks Juno with multiple rendezvous planned for three of Jupiter’s most intriguing Galilean moons: Ganymede, Europa, and Io.
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- Using its green filter, the spacecraft's “JunoCam visible-light imager” captured almost an entire side of Ganymede, the water-ice-encrusted moon. Later, when versions of the same image come down incorporating the camera's red and blue filters, imaging experts will be able to provide a color portrait of Ganymede. Image resolution is about 0.6 miles per pixel.
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- Juno's Stellar navigation camera that keeps the spacecraft on course, provided a black-and-white picture of Ganymede's dark side (the side opposite the Sun) bathed in dim light scattered off Jupiter. Image resolution is between 0.37 to 0.56 miles (600 to 900 meters) per pixel.
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- The solar-powered spacecraft's encounter with the Jovian moon is expected to yield insights into its composition, ionosphere, magnetosphere, and ice shell while also providing measurements of the radiation environment that will benefit future missions to the Jovian system.
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- Since its first orbit in 2016, Juno has delivered one revelation after another about the inner workings of this massive gas giant. Proposed in 2003 and launched in 2011, Juno arrived at Jupiter on July 4, 2016. The prime mission will be completed in July 2021.
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- This extended mission involves 42 additional orbits, including close passes of Jupiter’s north polar cyclones; flybys of Ganymede, Europa, and Io; as well as the first extensive exploration of the faint rings encircling the planet.
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- By extending the science goals of this important orbiting observatory, the Juno team will start tackling a breadth of science historically required of flagships,” said Lori Glaze, planetary science division director at NASA Headquarters in Washington. “This represents an efficient and innovative advance for NASA’s solar system exploration strategy.”
The data Juno collects will contribute to the goals of the next generation of missions to the Jovian system – NASA’s Europa Clipper and the ESA (European Space Agency) JUpiter ICy moons Explorer (JUICE) mission. Juno’s investigation of Jupiter’s volcanic moon Io addresses many science goals identified by the National Academy of Sciences for a future Io explorer mission.
The extended mission’s science campaigns will expand on discoveries Juno has already made about Jupiter’s interior structure, internal magnetic field, atmosphere (including polar cyclones, deep atmosphere, and aurora), and magnetosphere.
Juno will also fly through the Europa and Io tori, the ring-shaped clouds of ions, on multiple occasions, characterizing the radiation environment near these satellites to better prepare the Europa Clipper and JUICE missions for optimizing observation strategies and planning, science priorities, and mission design.
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- The extended mission also adds planetary geology and ring dynamics to Juno’s extensive list of science investigations. With this extension, Juno becomes its own follow-on mission.
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- Close-up observations of the pole,” radio occultations”, a remote sensing technique to measure properties of a planetary atmosphere or ring systems, satellite flybys, and focused magnetic field studies combine to make a new mission, the next logical step in our exploration of the Jovian system.
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- Jupiter’s mysterious Great Blue Spot, an isolated patch of intense magnetic field near the planet’s equator, will be the target of a high-spatial-resolution magnetic survey during six flybys early in the extended mission.
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- As Juno’s orbit evolves, multiple flybys of the moons Ganymede , Europa, and Io are planned, as well as multiple passages through Jupiter’s tenuous rings.
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- The natural evolution of Juno’s orbit around the gas giant provides the wealth of new science opportunities that the extended mission capitalizes on. Every science pass sends the solar-powered spacecraft zooming low over Jupiter’s cloud tops, collecting data from a unique vantage point no other spacecraft has enjoyed.
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- The point during each orbit where Juno comes closest to the planet is called perijove (or PJ). Over the course of the mission, Juno’s perijoves have migrated northward, dramatically improving resolution over the northern hemisphere. The design of the extended mission takes advantage of the continued northward migration of these perijoves to sharpen its view of the multiple cyclones encircling the north pole while incorporating ring and Galilean moon flybys.
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- The mission designers have done an amazing job crafting an extended mission that conserves the mission’s single most valuable onboard resource – fuel. Gravity assists from multiple satellite flybys steer our spacecraft through the Jovian system while providing a wealth of science opportunities. The satellite flybys also reduce Juno’s orbital period, which increases the total number of science orbits that can be obtained.
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- The satellite encounters begin with a low-altitude flyby of Ganymede on June 7, 2021 (PJ34), which reduces the orbital period from about 53 days to 43 days. That flyby sets up a close flyby of Europa on Sept. 29, 2022 (PJ45), reducing the orbital period further to 38 days. A pair of close Io flybys, on Dec. 30, 2023 (PJ57), and Feb. 3, 2024 (PJ58), combine to reduce the orbital period to 33 days.
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---------------------------------------- Other reviews availsble :
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- 1903 - Juno’s mission arriving at Jupiter. The spacecraft has only 20 months to send data from 9 instruments before the intense radiation destroys the electronics. What will we learn about the biggest planet and the evolution of our Solar System?
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- 1880 - Jupiter gets another visitor. By far our largest planet, still holds many mysteries. We will be visiting again with a spacecraft July , 2016. Here is some of what we know and what we hope to discover with the Juno Space Mission.
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- 1175 - The 4 moons of Jupiter. Ganymede would be a planet if it were circling the Sun instead of Jupiter. Callisto is about the size of Mercury.
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- 927 - Europa is 90% the size of our Moon. It has an ocean of liquid water beneath its icy crust.- Giant Jupiter. Our Solar System has 4 terrestrial planets and 4 giant gaseous planets. We assume that when the Solar System first formed the heavier rocks were pulled closer to the Sun when they formed planets and the lighter gas formed further away from the Sun.
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- But, because the Earth formed closer it was too hot in the beginning to maintain its oceans and atmosphere. Somehow water and atmosphere arrived later in Earth’s evolution.
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- We have sent 7 spacecraft to Jupiter to better understand its formation and the formation of its 63 moons. That is right 63 moons. Mostly we know the big four moons. But, understand how this mini-solar system formed will help us understand how the Sun‘s solar system formed:
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- 797 - Jupiter has rings. 11 Earth diameters span Jupiter’s 88,846 mile diameter.
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- 29 - 399 Our gaseous planets. Four pages of statistics comparing the 4 planets.
- June 11, 2021 JUPITER - Juno spacecraft visit? 3188
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