- 3477 - STARS - biggest to fastest? We can only see within our own Milky Way Galaxy unless we have a good telescope. One exception, we can see the Andromeda Galaxy on a good seeing night and that is 2,500,000 lightyears away. The Milky way is 100,000 lightyears across.
------------------------ 3477 - STARS - biggest to fastest?
- Astronomers have determined that there is a massive Blackhole in both of these galaxies and in most every other galaxy they can find.
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- Some galaxies are very active spewing out lots of energy. That means their Blackholes are very active. The Milky Way and Andromeda are not very active by comparison. Really active galaxies spew out energy, radiation, in jets of tremendous power. They get names like Quasars, Blazars, Magnetars, and more.
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- Astronomers think much of this power is generated by a rapidly spinning Blackhole. They have found extreme rotation speeds that approach the speed of light.
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- When a Blackhole with extreme mass, billions of times the mass of the Sun, and extreme gravity, and then extreme rotation speeds it causes the surrounding space and time to rotate with it. This is called “frame dragging“.
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- Then incoming gas enters this spinning vortex as ionized particles which in turn create tightly wound towers of powerful magnetic fields. These magnetic fields channel the energy and inflowing gas into powerful gets that blast away at the poles approaching the speed of light.
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- Astronomers believe that rotating Blackholes are first created when to galaxies collide and merge. This collision injects angular momentum into the system. Once rotation starts in falling material causes the rotation speed to go higher and higher until it reaches near light speed.
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- Active black holes with too much energy can actually stall star formation in the entire galaxy. Stars form from large clouds of cold gas. The energy spewed out from these rotating blackholes heat the surrounding gas and stall star formation until things finally cool down. There is still a lot of math to get through before this process is really understood.
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- Occasionally stars that are unfortunate enough to be close to these blackholes get ejected out of the galaxy. Stars that get hurled away get reach velocities of 1,000,000 miles per hour.
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- There is one star ( HE0437-5439) that is 9 times the mass of the Sun and speeding away from the large Magellanic Cloud Galaxy at 1,600,000 miles per hour. This is a young star, only 35 million years old. Earth is 4,500 million years old. Yet, this star has traveled 100 million lightyears from its source.
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- The concentration of elements in the Large Magellanic Cloud of stars are about one-half those of our Sun. This hypervelocity star matches the LMC elements so that must be its origin. Hypervelocity stars get their kick from interaction with a blackhole.
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- Starting out as a binary system one star feeds off the other star until one acquires the mass needed for gravity to collapse it into a Blackhole. The energy of the collapse is transferred to the other star sending it away at hypervelocity.
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- The Conservation of Energy requires that total energy remain constant. Gravitational Energy plus Kinetic Energy remain constant. The hypervelocity star gets the Kinetic Energy.
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- Astronomers have not yet found this particular Blackhole yet in the LMC, but, this hypervelocity star tells us that it is there.
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- What is the biggest star in the Universe? We will never know. The Universe is too big and we can only observe a small part of it. But, what is the biggest star we can observe in the Universe? Our most observed star is our Sun. It is 870,000 miles across. By mass the Sun is 99.9 % of our entire Solar System.
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- By volume you could fit 1,300,000 Earths inside the Sun .
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------------------------------ volume = 4/3* pi* r^3
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------------------------------ Sun’s radius = 6.9599*10^8 meters
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------------------------------ Earth’s radius = 6.378*10^6 meters,
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------------------------------ Sun’s radius is 100 times larger.
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------------------------------ Ratio = 1.3*10^6
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----------------------------- The Sun’s Radius is 432,000 miles
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------------------------------ The Solar Mass is 2*10^30 kilograms, 2,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000,000 kg.
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- Eta Carinae is a monster star in our galaxy just 7,500 lightyears away. It is 100 times the Solar Mass. and it is 4,000,000 times brighter than our Sun. Its solar wind casts off 500 times the Earth mass every year. Its radius is 400 times Solar Radius.
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- Astronomers are certain Eta Carinae is about ready to explode as a supernova. It is extremely hot, 25,000 Kelvin at its surface. Our Sun is 6,000 Kelvin.
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- But, Eta Carinae is not the biggest star we have found in our galaxy. VY Canis Majoris is 5,000 lightyears away and it is 2,100 time Solar Radius. It takes light 8 hours to go across it. It takes light only 8 minutes to reach us from the Sun.
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- There are likely more massive stars in our Milky Way Galaxy but we can not see them because they are hidden by intergalactic gas and dust. The largest stars are the coolest stars, that are still stars. VY Canis Majoris is only 3,500 Kelvin. Physics calculations are that the largest possible star is 3,000 Kelvin and 2,600 times Solar Radius.
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- It a star is less than 3,000 Kelvin it not a star, it is too cool to have nuclear fusion and to shine. There could be something bigger out there that does not shine. We have not found it unless you count Blackholes. Blackholes have been found that are 1,000,000,000’s times Solar Mass. And, they don’t shine.
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February 23, 2022 STARS - biggest to fastest? 907 905 903 3477
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----------------------------- Thursday, February 24, 2022 ---------------------------
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