Sunday, March 19, 2023

3923 - GALAXY CLUSTERS - and our Milky Way?

 

-   3923  -  GALAXY  CLUSTERS  -  and our Milky Way?   The globular cluster of stars is located around 31,000 light-years from Earth in the inner region of the Milky Way.  This is so deep into our galaxy that it is just 4,600 light-years from our galaxy's central supermassive black hole, Sagittarius A*.


--------  3923  -    GALAXY  CLUSTERS  -  and our Milky Way?

-    Globular clusters like this one are home to tens of thousands to millions of stars, all tightly bound by mutual gravitational attraction. These dense stellar populations give globular clusters a roughly spherical shape.

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-   The globular cluster NGC 6355, located in the inner Milky Way, is densely packed with tens of thousands to millions of stars.    Globular clusters are found in galaxies of all shapes and sizes and tend to be the oldest structures in their home galaxies. They are packed with older and redder stars than those found in open star clusters, which are smaller than globular clusters.

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-    The central red and blue stars of NGC 6355 can be distinguished clearly,  demonstrating the tremendous observational power of the Hubble telescope, which has revolutionized the study of globular clusters.

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-   Hubble is capable of capturing these amazing views because it is positioned around 330 miles above our planet's surface. This vantage point frees the telescope from the distorting effects of Earth's atmosphere that make it almost impossible for ground-based telescopes to distinguish the individual stars in globular clusters.

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-    In 2006, the telescope made the first direct observations of white dwarfs, faint stellar remnants that form when stars with masses similar to the sun's run out of fuel for nuclear fusion and undergo gravitational collapse, in globular star clusters. These observations gave astronomers a better understanding of the ages and origins of stars in globular clusters and the evolution of those clusters.

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-    In 2021, Hubble observations allowed astronomers to make the first measurement of black holes in the core-collapsed globular cluster NGC 6397. They were expecting to find an intermediate-mass black hole at the heart of this globular cluster, but instead, they discovered a concentration of smaller black holes throughout NGC 6397, which is located around 7,800 light-years from Earth.

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-    Hubble also has produced images of Messier 15, which, at about 12 billion years old, is the most ancient known globular cluster.

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-    Astronomers have discovered new evidence that Andromeda, the galaxy next door to our own, grew by merging with another galaxy. The event triggered a mass migration of stars into the galaxy.

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-   This event suggests that the migration of stars to Andromeda and the galaxy's growth history is very similar to that of the Milky Way. That means the findings have implications for our understanding of both galaxies.

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-    The evidence came from observations of the individual motions of almost 7,500 stars in the inner halo of Andromeda. This showed these stars had begun their lives as part of another galaxy that merged with Andromeda around 2 billion years ago.

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-    Scientists have long predicted that large galaxies like the Milky Way and Andromeda have grown to their current sizes via collisions and mergers throughout their history, but the patterns in the motions of stars that could confirm this have been elusive.

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-    Although the night sky may seem unchanging, the universe is a dynamic place. Galaxies like M31 and our Milky Way are constructed from the building blocks of many smaller galaxies over cosmic history.

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-   The majority of the stars in the Milky Way's halo are also believed to have originated in another galaxy finding a new galactic home during a massive merger event thought to have occurred between 8 to 10 billion years ago.

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-    Looking at relics of a previous merger and stellar migration event in Andromeda could help astronomers hunt for similar artifacts in our own galaxy.   The history of the Andromeda Galaxy is similar to that of our own galaxy, the Milky Way. The inner halos of both galaxies are dominated by a single immigration event.

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-   To trace stellar migration in the galaxy, the team turned to DESI due to the fact that it is the most powerful multi-object survey spectrograph in the world, capable of measuring the spectra of more than 100,000 galaxies in a single night.

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-    The astronomers will now continue to use the team-up between DESI and the Mayall Telescope to investigate stars located closer to the edge of Andromeda. They hope this will further reveal the galaxy's structure and the immigration history of its stars.

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-    It's amazing that we can look out at the sky and read billions of years of another galaxy's history as written in the motions of its stars — each star tells part of the story.  Who knows what new discoveries await!

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                   March 19, 2023      GALAXY  CLUSTERS  -  and our Milky Way            3923                                                                                                                          

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--------------------- ---  Sunday, March 19, 2023  ---------------------------

 

 

 

 

         

 

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