INDEX - 3900 - Index of Reviews 3900 to 3950
- This
index is of the 50 reviews from 3900 to
3950. Indices of all previous reviews is
available upon request.
-
Writing style is stochatto with each paragraph an idea and limited to a
few
–
pages in
total. Comments are always welcome. See
–
https:://jimdetrick@blogspot.net
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------------------ 3900 - Index of Reviews 3900 to 3950
- 3900
- EXOPLANETS - too
large for its “sun”? Astronomers have
discovered another unusual planetary system consisting of a Jupiter-sized
planet orbiting a tiny star that is only four times the size of the solar
system gas giant. This "forbidden" configuration of a massive planet
orbiting a relatively tiny star which could challenge theories of how gas giant
planets form.
-
- 3901
- FORBIDEN PLANETS
- too big for their sun? Massive 'forbidden planet' orbits a
strangely tiny star only 4 times its size
The discovery could challenge our theories of how gas giants like
Jupiter form.
-
- 3902
- SUN'S -
magnetic bubble? The Sun’s Magnetic
Bubble is a heliosphere pelted with cosmic rays. Our corner of the universe, the solar system,
is nestled inside the Milky Way galaxy, home to more than 100 billion stars.
Our solar system is encased in a bubble called the “heliosphere”, which separates
us from the vast galaxy beyond and some of its harsh space radiation.
-
- 3903
- BLACK HOLES
- are more active than
thought? Black holes at galactic
centers blast out 10 times more light than previously thought. Blackholes in
the hearts of galaxies are usually shrouded in dust. Black holes residing at the center of
galaxies produce way more energy than scientists previously thought
-
- 3904
- BIG BANG
THEORY - the best math can give us? We now know the big bang theory is (probably)
not how the universe began. Where did
all this come from? In every direction we care to observe, we find stars,
galaxies, clouds of gas and dust, tenuous plasmas, and radiation spanning the
gamut of wavelengths: from radio to infrared to visible light to gamma rays.
-
- 3905
- JAMES WEBB
- some first observations? James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) sees the
same supernova three times in an epic gravitational lens. Every image it beams back to Earth is amazing. A recent observation depicting not one, not
two, but three images of the same galaxy, on (February 28, 2023).
-
- 3906
- MOON -
Artemis preparations for launch?
The most ambitious of the Artemis mission's objectives involves using
the moon as a stepping stone for a mission to Mars. Robots have done all the
detective work on Mars so far, but NASA now aims to send astronauts there by
the 2030s.
-
- 3907
- Einstein Ionized the
Universe? The James Webb Space
Telescope can’t study the radiation coming out of the galaxies directly,
because that radiation gets absorbed by the billions of light-years worth of
matter between us and those galaxies. So instead they had to look for other
clues.
-
- 3908 -
HEAVY ELEMENTS - how did the stars create them? Atomic elements are all the atoms that make
up the chemistry in the periodic table of elements. The chemical elements are distinguished from
each other by the number of protons in their nuclei.
-
- 3909
- VENUS - our
sister planet? While Earth and Venus
are approximately the same size, and both lose heat at about the same rate, the
internal mechanisms that drive Earth’s geologic processes differ from its
neighbor. It is these Venusian geologic processes that create this cooling
mechanisms of Venus and the potential processes behind it.
-
- 3910
- PULSARS - are
rapidly spinning stars? Pulsars are
'cosmic lighthouses' can spin as fast as 700 rotations per second. They are rapidly rotating neutron stars
that blast out pulses of radiation at regular intervals ranging from seconds to
milliseconds.
-
- 3911
- COSMIC WEB
- new pictures of the
universe? The universe is permeated
by a vast, invisible web, its tendrils weaving through space. But despite
organizing the matter we see in space, this dark web is invisible. That's
because it is made up of dark matter, which exerts a gravitational pull but
emits no light.
-
- 3912
- GALAXY - history how they are created? Astronomers know that galaxies grow over
time through mergers with other galaxies. We can see it happening in our
galaxy. The Milky Way is slowly absorbing the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds
and the Sagittarius Dwarf Spheroidal Galaxy.
-
-- 3913
- WATER - how
did it arrive on Earth? In the early
Earth formation with the planets it was too close and hot for water to exists
on the surface. We believe that water
came later arriving from asteroids and space itself.
-
- 3914
- FASTEST STARS
- tell us about our galaxy? Fastest stars in the Milky Way are 'runaways'
from another galaxy. The fastest-moving
stars in our galaxy are traveling so fast that they can escape the Milky
Way. They are in fact runaways from a
much smaller galaxy in orbit around our own.
-
- 3915
- UNIVERSE - is
expanding ? The dark energy in the
early universe underwent a phase transition, just as water can change phase
between frozen, liquid and steam. In the process, the energy bubbles eventually
collided with other bubbles and along the way released energy.
-
- 3916
- OLDEST GALAXY
- did James Webb find it? What is the oldest galaxy? Astronomers pin down the age of the most
distant Galaxy and what we see occurred 367 Million Years After the Big Bang,
or over 360 billion years ago.
-
- 3917
- GRAVITY LENS -
create multiple images? Astronomers have measured a time delay of
6.73 years, the longest ever detected for a gravitational lens, between
multiple images of a quasar. The result, obtained after 14.5 years of
observation. This finding will improve
our knowledge about galaxy clusters and the dark matter they contain.
-
- 3918
- ICE SATELLITE - measuring the glaciers? A satellite is measuring the elevation of
all the Earth's surfaces. More than a
trillion measurements of Earth's height - blanketing everything from glaciers
in Greenland, to mangrove forests in Florida, to sea ice surrounding
Antarctica.
-
- 3919
- ASTEROIDS - how
close to Earth? In 2019, for the first
time, scientists have found the building blocks for life on an asteroid in
space. Japanese researchers have discovered more than 20 amino acids on the
space rock Ryugu, which is more than 200 million miles from Earth.
-
- 3920
- MILKY WAY
GALAXY - are we unique? Is the Milky Way’s bulge-formation history
unique or common in galaxy evolution? To answer that question, astronomers will
have to look at galaxy assembly in the distant, young universe, a task for
which NASA’s James Webb Space Telescope was specifically designed.
-
- 3921 -
LIFE ON PLANETS
- can we detect the beginning?
Coupled with newly detailed information about the ice composition of
interstellar clouds from James Webb Telescope, scientists may finally be able
to determine for sure whether amino acids formed in our solar system or in
interstellar space.
-
- 3922
- COSMIC RAYS -
where do they come from? Cosmic
rays produce extensive particle showers that send a cascade of electrons,
photons, and muons to Earth's surface.
-
- 3923
- GALAXY CLUSTERS
- and our Milky Way? The globular cluster of stars is located
around 31,000 light-years from Earth in the inner region of the Milky Way. This is so deep into our galaxy that it is
just 4,600 light-years from our galaxy's central supermassive black hole,
Sagittarius A*.
- 3924 - WHITE
DWARF STAR -
measuring its mass. Astronomers
using NASA’s Hubble Space Telescope have for the first time directly measured
the mass of a single, isolated white dwarf star which is the surviving core of
a burned-out, Sun-like star.
- 3925
- GAMMA RAY
BURSTS - detected by satellites? Tiny satellites could revolutionize the
study of “Gamma Ray Bursts” which are the most energetic explosion in the
cosmos and help astronomers untangle the mysteries of colliding stellar
remnants that produce powerful gravitational waves.
-
- 3926 - RED
DWARF STARS -
live the longest? Red dwarf
stars are more active and wild than the Sun.
Red dwarfs, known as "M
dwarfs", are the most common stars in the Milky Way and can remain placid
for long periods of time before erupting with huge “superflares”.
-
- 3927 -
WATER ON EARTH
- how did it get here? A reserve of water the size of 140 trillion
oceans is lurking in a faraway supermassive black hole, the universe's largest
deposit of water and 4,000 times the amount found in the Milky Way.
-
- 3928 -
GALAXY CENTER - what
is going on there? Advancements in
optics, spectrometers, and interferometry, astronomers have been able to peer
into Galactic Center. The “Event Horizon
Telescope” (EHT), the world got to see the first image of Sagittarius A* (Sgr
A*) in May, 2022.
-
- 3929 -
SUN - we still have mysteries to solve? Our Sun is a star like billions of other
stars in the universe. Some of those stars also have astrospheres, like the
heliosphere, but this is the only astrosphere we are actually inside of and can
study closely. We need to start from our
neighborhood to learn so much more about the rest of the universe.
-
- 3930 -
UNIVERSE - how big is it, really? That may be something that we actually will
never know. The size of the universe is
one of the fundamental questions of astrophysics. It also might be impossible
to answer.
-
- 3931 -
GALAXIES - oldest and farthest? Astronomers pin down the age of the most
distant galaxy seen 367 Million years after the Big Bang. The James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) was
built to peer back in time and identify the Universe’s very first galaxies.
-
- 3932 - SOLAR SYSTEM MOONS -
what have we learned? - The
moons of our Solar System have garnered quite a lot of attention in the last
few years, especially pertaining to astrobiology and the search for life beyond
Earth.
-
- 3933 -
SUN - our sun's solar cycle? March 24, 2023, sees the strongest solar
storm in nearly 6 years. The powerful
solar storm supercharged auroras as far south as Colorado and New Mexico.
-
- 3934
- DESI -
galaxies grow by merging?
Astronomers know that galaxies grow over time through mergers with other
galaxies. We can see it happening in our galaxy. The Milky Way is slowly
absorbing the Large and Small Magellanic Clouds and the Sagittarius Dwarf
Spheroidal Galaxy.
-
- 3935 -
EUROPA - water makes a different ocean? Salt and water are very well known at Earth
conditions. Now we have these planetary
objects that probably have compounds that are very familiar to us, but in very
exotic conditions. We have to redo all
the fundamental mineralogical science.
-
- 3936 -
NEW SATELLITE - in a new atmosphere? A new propulsion system could levitate
vehicles in the Earth’s upper atmosphere.
There is a novel type of propulsion using only light to collect data in
the Earth’s challenging-to-explore mesosphere.
-
- 3937 -
MOON - glass beads of water? Chinese researchers may have discovered
billions of tons of water inside strange glass spheres buried on the moon, and
they could be used as a future water source for moon bases.
-
- 3938 -
GALACTIC BLACKHOLE - at
center of our galaxy? The doomed cloud
is 3,000 times longer than the distance from the Earth to the Sun. It provides clues to the strange and extreme
environment around a black hole 4 million times more massive than the Sun.
-
- 3939 -
ANDROMEDA GALAXY - grew
from galaxy mergers? Astronomers have discovered new evidence that Andromeda,
the galaxy next door to our own, grew by merging with another galaxy. The event
triggered a mass migration of stars into the galaxy.
-
- 3940 -
GAMMA RAY BURSTS
- 2022 discoveries? Gamma-ray bursts (GRBs) are brief, bright
flashes of gamma-ray light that are thought to be the most powerful explosions
in our universe since the Big Bang. GRBs are released during extreme stellar explosions
or supernovas, when a dying star runs out of fuel and collapses into a neutron
star or even a black hole.
-
- 3941 -
RED DWARF WITH PLANETS? Astronomers have been excited that some of
Trappist-1's seven rocky planets could be habitable. The James Webb Space
Telescope has measured the temperature of a rocky exoplanet for the first time,
finding that a "cousin" of Earth most likely lacks an atmosphere.
-
- 3942 -
NORTHERN LIGHTS - how
are they created? - Auroras are caused by charged particles from
Earth's magnetosphere and the solar wind colliding with other particles in
Earth's upper atmosphere. Those collisions excite the atmospheric particles,
which then release light as they "relax" back to their unexcited
state.
-
- 3943 -
EXOPLANETS - Earth size with
atmospheres? - Earth-size exoplanet spotted just 72
light-years away. Researchers searching
for transiting exoplanets (those that cross their host star's face from our
perspective) has made its latest discovery, an Earth-size body just 72
light-years away from us.
-
- 3944 - QUANTUM ENTANGLEMENT
- weird science? Entanglement is
the long distance connection between particles.
Quantum Entanglement may be the needle that stitches together the fabric
of space and time? How to connect the
smallest particles in Quantum Mechanics to the macro-world math in General
Relativity?
-
- 3945 -
STAR SPAGEHTTIFICATION? A captured star has experienced multiple
close encounters with a supermassive black hole in a distant galaxy, and
possibly even survived having material ripped away by immense gravitational
tidal forces.
-
- 3946 -
DOUBLE – SLIT EXPERIMENT -
light is wave-particle. Few
science experiments are as strange as the double-slit experiment. Few experiments in modern physics are capable
of conveying such a simple idea, “that
light and matter can act as both waves and discrete particles depending on
whether they are being observed”.
-
- 3947 -
BIG BANG THEORY
- how it all got started? The Sun and the Earth formed a solar system. The Milky Way Galaxy is full of “suns”. And we have discovered at least 5,000 other
planets around some of these stars. We know there are billions of galaxies in
the Universe. How did this all come to
be?
-
- 3948 -
HUBBLE SPACE TELESCOPE -
new discoveries? Hubble Space
Telescope spots light from ancient wayward stars. Scientists are on a mission
to determine the origin of these rogue stars, which they now think are even
older than anticipated.
-
- 3949 -
ASTRONOMY - using multiple combined sources? How do imaging systems interact with
different wavelengths of light? The
electromagnetic spectrum is extremely large.
It includes all types of light, such as radio, infrared, x-rays,
ultraviolet and visible light. There is
no one single sensor that can collect data in all of those different
wavelengths at the same time.
-
- 3950 -
MOONS OF JUPITER
- and more. The Galilean moons of Jupiter: Io, Europa,
Ganymede, and Callisto.
-
March 8,
2023 Index of Reviews 3900 to 3950 3950
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--- Monday, April 10, 2023
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