Saturday, April 29, 2023

3977 - JAMES WEBB - found oldest galaxies.

 

-   3977 -   JAMES  WEBB  -   found oldest galaxies.    James Webb Space Telescope spots huge galactic protocluster in the early universe,The developing cluster of galaxies existed just 650 million years after the Big Bang and could help answer fundamental questions about the evolution of the universe.


------------  3977  -  JAMES  WEBB  -   found oldest galaxies.

-    These galaxies have been confirmed to be at a distance with a redshift 7.9, which correlates to 650 million years after the Big Bang.

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-    The cluster of seven galaxies are seen as they were just 650 million years after the Big Bang, meaning they make up the youngest so-called "protocluster" ever seen by astronomers.  The protocluster will eventually grow in mass and size by incorporating galaxies, forming a galactic cluster that resembles the Coma Cluster.

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-    The observation of these seven galaxies could help scientists better understand how the cosmos has evolved over its 13.8-billion-year existence to take the form we see in the local universe today.

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-    This is a unique site of accelerated galaxy evolution, and the JWST gave us the unprecedented ability to measure the velocities of these seven galaxies and confidently confirm that they are bound together in a protocluster.

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-   The galaxies are moving at over 2 million mph, about 1,000 times faster than a bullet fired by a rifle, through a halo of dark matter. The key to doing this and to determining the distances between the galaxies were precise measurements captured by Webb's Near-Infrared Spectrograph (NIRSpec).

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-   The NIRSpec data allowed the team to model how the galaxy group develops over time and build a picture of what this cluster should look like in the modern universe. They predicted the protocluster will resemble the Coma Cluster, meaning it could now be one of the densest clusters of galaxies in the cosmos with thousands of individual member galaxies.

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-    Until the December 2021 launch of JWST, astronomers had difficulty investigating how galactic clusters like the Coma Cluster came together in the infant universe. This is a result of the expansion of the universe stretching the wavelengths of light leaving these clusters as they travel for billions of years to reach Earth.

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-    This stretching, or "redshift," causes the light to move down toward the "red end" of the electromagnetic spectrum. The light traveling from the earliest galaxies that existed shortly after the Big Bang and came together to birth the first galactic clusters, has been stretched out into the infrared portion of the spectrum.

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-     The seven galaxies studied in this research were selected by the Hubble Space Telescope as part of the Frontier Fields Program for further investigation by JWST. Hubble doesn't see deep into the infrared end of the spectrum, limiting the detail it can glean about these early galaxies. But JWST is well equipped to study light that's strongly redshifted,

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-   NASA's forthcoming Nancy Grace Roman Space Telescope is a wide-field survey mission that will also observe the cosmos in high-resolution infrared. Able to capture a field of view 200 times greater than that of Hubble in a single shot, “Roman”, set to launch in 2027, should be able to spot many more protocluster candidates for JWST to follow up on for deeper investigation.

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-   It is amazing the science we can now dream of doing, now that we have the JWST".    With this small protocluster of seven galaxies, at this great distance, we had a 100% spectroscopic confirmation rate, demonstrating the future potential for mapping dark matter and filling in the timeline of the universe's early development.

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-  Much more to learn about the Universe.  And now we have a new treacher.

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                   April 29, 2023                 3977                                                                                                                          

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--------------------- ---  Saturday, April 29, 2023  ---------------------------

 

 

 

 

         

 

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