Monday, April 10, 2023

JAMES WEBB - discoveries early galaxies?

 

-   3951 -   JAMES  WEBB  -  discoveries early galaxies?  -    The James Webb Space Telescope has discovered a group of galaxies from the dawn of the universe that are so massive they shouldn't exist. The six gargantuan galaxies contain almost as many stars as the Milky Way despite forming only 500 to 700 million years after the Big Bang.  


------------  3951  -    JAMES  WEBB  -  discoveries early galaxies?

-    If these early galaxies are real, the discovery calls our entire understanding of galaxy formation into question. Astronomers did not expect the early universe to be able to organize itself that quickly. These galaxies should not have had time to form.

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-   Cosmologists previously estimated that the process began slowly taking shape within the first few hundred million years after the Big Bang. Currently accepted theories suggest that 1 to 2 billion years into the universe's life, these early protogalaxies reached adolescence forming into dwarf galaxies that began devouring each other to grow into ones like our own.

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-    Because light travels at a fixed speed through the vacuum of space, the deeper we look into the universe, the more remote light we intercept and the further back in time we see. By using the James Webb Space Telescope (JWST) to peer roughly 13.5 billion years into the past, the astronomers found that enormous galaxies had already burst into life very quickly after the Big Bang, when the universe was just 3% of its current age.

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-   The galaxies are so massive, they are in tension with 99 percent of the models for cosmology.  This means that either the models need to be altered, or scientific understanding of galaxy formation requires a fundamental rethink.

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-    The Milky Way forms about one to two new stars every year.  Some of these galaxies would have to be forming hundreds of new stars a year for the entire history of the universe. If even one of these galaxies is real, it will push against the limits of our understanding of cosmology.  All evidence points to these celestial objects being galaxies, but the astronomers haven't ruled out that some of them could be enormous quasars or supermassive black holes.

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-    The amount of mass discovered means that the known mass in stars at this period of our universe is up to 100 times greater than we had previously thought. Even if we cut the sample in half, this is still an astounding change.

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-    Previous imaging of the early universe by the Hubble Space Telescope didn't detect the giant galaxies, but JWST is about 100 times more powerful than Hubble.  The $10 billion JWST launched to a gravitationally stable location beyond the moon's orbit, known as a Lagrange point, in December 2021.

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-   The space observatory was designed to read the earliest chapters of the universe's history in its faintest glimmers of light, which have been stretched to infrared frequencies from billions of years of travel across the expanding fabric of space-time.

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-   The next step will be to take a spectrum image of the giant galaxies  providing astronomers with accurate distances and a better idea of the chemical makeup of these anachronistic monsters hiding at the beginning of the universe.

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            April 8, 2023           JAMES  WEBB  -  discoveries early galaxies 3951                                                                                                                         

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--------------------- ---  Monday, April 10, 2023  ---------------------------

 

 

 

 

         

 

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