Wednesday, July 5, 2023

4076 - MILKY WAY GALAXY - learn about your home?

 

-    4076  -     MILKY WAY  GALAXY  -  learn about your home?     How  can we see our Galaxy while living inside it?    All the stars we see is the Milky Way Galaxy, but, the milky path across the sky is what gives it its name.  The Milky Way is what we see looking at our galaxy edge-wise.


-----------   4076   -  MILKY WAY  GALAXY  -  learn about your home?

-     Ancients did not know these were stars.  It was in 1610 that humans first invented the telescope and could resolve the milky path as consisting of billions of stars.  We now know that our galaxy is a barred spiral galaxy composed of 200,000,000,000 stars.

 

-    The life of each of these stars is determined by its mass.  The very small stars are Brown Dwarfs that are between 1.2 % and 7% of the mass of the Sun.  Their surface temperatures are 600 Kelvin compared to our Sun’s 5,600 Kelvin.  These Brown Dwarfs are not massive enough to fuse hydrogen.  They produce their energy by fusing deuterium, a special isotope of hydrogen.

 

-    Stars the size of our Sun and up to 8 times the mass of our Sun end their lives as “planetary nebula” leaving a core that becomes a “White Dwarf” star.  There are 3,000 planetary nebula that have been discovered in the Milky Way.

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-    The planetary nebula itself will only live for 10,000 years before the glowing gas dissipates into space.  The Helix Nebula and the Ring Nebula (M57)  are 2 examples of planetary nebula still alive.  The White Dwarf that is left behind slowly cools and exists forever as a big rock in space.

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-    If a star is over 8 solar mass it ends its hydrogen burning life as a supernova explosion.  Only 300 supernovae explosion remnants have been found in the Milky Way.  The remnants of these explosions last about 50,000 years.  So that works out to mean there are about 1 or 2 supernovae explosions per century.  The last one we say was in 1987.

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-    Stars in Open Clusters like the Pleiades (M45) and the Beehive Cluster (M44) are formed from hot, young stars formed out of the gas clouds.  There are 1,100 of these Open Clusters in the Milky Way.  Estimates for the total number is up to 100,000.

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-     Globular Clusters are millions of stars that are much older and the clusters much bigger.  The stars average 10 billion years old.  The cluster can be 200 lightyears in diameter.  There are 200 of these Globular Clusters found so far in the Milky Way.

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-    The Bulge in the center of the Milky Way is 12,000 lightyears across, 10% the diameter of the galaxy.  The center of the bulge is a Blackhole that is 4,000,000 Solar Mass.

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-    Our Milky Way as several other dwarf galaxies nearby.  Some are even merging with the bigger galaxy.  Currently the Milky Way is devouring the Sagittarius Dwarf Galaxy.  The group of galaxies that are gravitationally bound with the Milky Way are called the “ Local Group” of galaxies.  The Andromeda Galaxy is the other big galaxy in our group.

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-    Each galaxy is believed to be surrounded by a halo of Dark Matter.  the Dark Matter halo that surrounds our galaxy is believed to be 600,000 lightyears across.  This Dark Matter contains 90% of the mass of the total system.

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-    A single nebulae like the “Rosetta Nebula” or the “Eagle Nebula” (M16) have the capability to build 100,000 stars like our Sun.  The Orion Nebula (M42) is only 1,300 lightyears away and offers great viewing of star formation in action.  Great binocular viewing on a clear night!

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-    The number of planets in the Milky Way is estimated to be 1,000,000,000,000, of which we have discovered 5,000, so far.

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-     The Milky Way we can see is 120,000 lightyears across.

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-    We are 26,000 lightyears from the center, and  34,000 lightyears from the edge.

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-    It takes us 225,000,000 years to complete one orbit around the center.

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-    The Sun is 4,500,000,000 years old  while the oldest stars in the Milky Way are 13,200,000,000 years old.  That means the Milky Way first formed 1,500,000,000 years after the Big Bang.

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-    The galaxies total mass is 1 trillion Solar Mass, 10^12 Solar Mass.  90% of the mass is Dark Matter.  Resting inside the Dark Matter is 200 billion stars.  Our Sun is one of them.

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July 4,  2023     MILKY WAY  GALAXY  -  learn about your home?    1114     4075

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--------------------- ---  Wednesday, July 5, 2023  ---------------------------------

 

 

 

 

 

           

 

 

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