Wednesday, July 5, 2023

4077 - MILKYWAY GALAXY - from the inside out?

 

            -    4077  -   MILKYWAY  GALAXY  -  from the inside out?     The more galaxies you observe the more you realize that galaxies are like snowflakes, no two are alike.  Astronomers are surmising more every day what our galaxy looks like from the inside out.

   


      -------   4077   -      MILKYWAY  GALAXY  -  from the inside out

            -    The Milky Way contains 200,000,000,000 stars and Lord knows how many planets. But, only 10% of the total mass of the galaxy is in these stars.  1% of the mass is gas and dust residing in the space between the stars.  There is a 4,000,000 Solar Mass Blackhole at the center of our galaxy with the bulk of the stars in the Bulge around it.

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            -    The 1% gas and dust in the Interstellar Medium between the stars does not sound like much.  But, it is enough mass to produce a billion stars.  A star is a self-gravitating ball of gas that gets dense enough to cause hydrogen fusion.

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            -    The Milky Way itself is a self-gravitating system.  It wants to collapse into a single Blackhole at the center.  There are some opposing forces that exist to resist this happening.  One of the forces is the star formations themselves.

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            -    When gas clouds within the disk collapse and ignite into stars they  radiate a continuous radiation pressure opposing further gravitational collapse.  Another opposing force is the centripetal force of their orbiting velocities that wants to fling the mass of stars outward.

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            -    There is a conservation of energy in the angular momentum of this rotating mass.  The potential energy of gravity can not decrease without a counter increase of energy in the angular momentum.  Energy can only be transformed.  Total energy can not be reduced or increased.

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            -    The spiral arms are zones within the galactic disk where the density of the stars is higher.  The spirals appear as they should rotate, but, they do not.  Stars and gas rotate and simply pass through these denser arms like traffic jams.

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            -    Stars and gas slow down in their rotation and bunch up in the Arms.  As the gas and stars exit the Arms they spread out again and resume their normal speed.  The slowdown does cause the gas to gravitate inward toward the center as some angular momentum is transformed.  It is this inflowing gas that feeds active star formation.

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            -    The Milky Way, and most all galaxies, are not symmetrical.  The gas layer in the galactic disk has a flare, it gets thicker farther from the center.  Our galaxy is also warped like a potato chip because of emerging Dwarf Galaxies and the effects of the Dark Matter halo.

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            -    The proportions of the galactic disk are about the same as a CD disk with a ping bong ball in the center.   The galactic disk has a denser strip that is about 1,300 lightyears thick and a less dense, wider strip, that is 6,500 lightyears thick.  The CD is a little warped like it had been laid  out in the Sun.

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            -    Consequently the edges turn up like a potato chip.  The bulge in the center is not a perfect sphere like a ping pong ball, but, more elliptical like it too was warped in the Sun.  The elliptical orbits of the stars in the central Bulge create a Galactic Bar that is about 28,000 lightyears across.

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            -    The whole galaxy is 100,000 lightyears across.  With Dark Matter halo that we cannot see the total galaxy is 600,000 lightyears across. 

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            -    The biggest mystery is what is all this Dark Matter.  It is 90% of the total mass but we cannot see it.  It does not emit or absorb electromagnetic energy which is how we see the rest of the galaxy.  It is mass though because it does interact with gravity.  So, what could it be?

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            -    What can we find on Earth that has similar characteristics?  Nothing so far. Neutrinos are close, but, they have almost no mass at all.  Neutrons have no electric or magnetic interactions but they can only live for about 15 minutes outside an atomic nucleus.  Neutrons quickly decay into protons and electrons.

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            -     Most all the matter on Earth is at its ground state or near ground state in energy.  Maybe there is a much higher energy particle, or higher mass particle, that will show up in our biggest particle accelerators.  Does Dark Matter have anti-Dark Matter?  We would expect so.  Dark Matter creates gravity.  Dark Energy creates anti-gravity.  Are these Dark sides of the Universe related?

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            -    So, the rest of the picture of our galaxy must be like cream un disbursed, floating, in the coffee cup.  The cream is the galaxy.  The coffee is Dark Matter.  Not to be shaken or stirred.

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            July 5,  2023      MILKYWAY  GALAXY  -  from the inside out?   1124    4077

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            --------------------- ---  Wednesday, July 5, 2023  ---------------------------------

             

             

             

             

             

                       

             

             

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