- 1746 - Does Anti-Matter Really Exist? We can produce anti-matter in our labs. It is produced in the Sun and in the Blackhole at the center of our Galaxy. It reacts with matter and instantly returns to pure energy. How did the imbalance every happen to give us this world of matter?
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----------------- 1746 - Does Anti-Matter Really Exist?
-
- The Universe started from pure energy. And, somehow that energy started from nothing? Matter is a concentrated form of energy. One kilogram of mass equates to an enormous amount of energy.
-
---------------- E = mc^2
-
---------------- Kilogram*m^2 / sec^2 = 90,000,000,000,000,000 m^2 /sec^2 * kilograms
-
---------------- Joules of energy = 90,000,000,000,000,000 m^2 /sec^2 * kilograms
-
- Or, put in a different way it takes the concentration of an enormous amount of energy to create one kilogram of mass. The equations works both ways energy to mass, mass to energy.
-
- The Big Bang erupted with this amazing amount of energy, but, what caused mass to be created in the first place? If the energy erupted out of “nothing” then equal amounts of matter and anti-matter must have been produced. When matter and anti-matter come in contact they annihilate each other and the pair return to pure energy again. But, energy is not nothing.
-
- Given this understanding of the beginning of the Universe how did any matter even survive. After the annihilation there should be nothing but Gamma Radiation. Cosmological calculations have come up with the imbalance for every billion particles of anti-matter there were a billion and one particles of matter. That one particle represents all of the 5% of Ordinary Matter in the Universe today.
-
- We know this Ordinary Matter is everywhere in planets, stars , galaxies and us. We have theories that tell us that it totals to only 5% of the mass-energy in the Universe. 95% is Dark Matter-Energy and we have not yet discovered what that is.
-
- In 1928 Paul Dirac was writing equations to describe the electron interactions with other particles. In order to get his equations to balance he had to add an anti-electron to mirror image an electron with the opposite charge.
-
- In 1932 this anti-electron was discovered in the lab by Carl Anderson. He was tracking Cosmic Rays in his laboratory cloud chamber. One of the particle traces showed the same mass but curved the opposite direction in the magnetic field surrounding the cloud chamber. He concluded it was an electron with a positive charge.
-
- In 1930 another particle was proposed to exist to explain how a neutron breaks down into a proton and an electron plus some neutral particle that carries off some energy needed to balance the equations.
-
- In 1956 this particle was discovered. The neutrino had no charge and a very small amount of mass. It was later discovered that the neutrino came in 3 flavors that change from one type to another. One proposal to explain matter-antimatter asymmetry is that these neutrinos could be their own anti-neutrinos. Maybe super-heavy neutrinos not yet discovered violated “charge parity symmetry” during the Big Bang. This violation in the early Universe favored matter, and allowed me to complete this review without fear of annihilating into a burst of Gamma Rays.
-
- Today neutrinos are produced in radioactive Beta Decay. Neutrons decay in to a proton and an electron and a “ neutrino”. Maybe heavy neutrinos produced in the early Universe decayed into matter.
-
- In 1952 Emmy Noether produced the math to prove the Conservation of Symmetry. Symmetry implied a decaying muon emits an electron to the right, and, an anti-muon emits an electron to the left. Left and right handedness is know as “ parity”.
-
- If this parity breaks its symmetry it is called a “ charge parity violation”. Ever so often an anti-muon makes a mistake and launches its electron to the left. This would be a violation and a form of asymmetry.
-
- Charge Parity Violations were produced in the lab in 1964 with the decay of Kaons. In 1999 labs had recorded up to 13% asymmetry with B-mesons and anti B-mesons
-
- So far all of these particle asymmetries discovered are not enough to account for the dominance of matter over anti-matter.
-
- Tiny quantities of anti-matter rain down on us from Cosmic Ray particle showers created in the upper atmosphere. The anti- particles are quickly annihilated by matter particles.
-
- The powerful Blackhole at the center of the Milky Way Galaxy produces a glowing cloud of anti-matter. We know this by measuring the Gamma Rays that are created in the annihilations.
-
- Our Sun produces anti-matter. The largest recorded eruption on the surface of the Sun unleashed 1 billion megaton bomb’s worth of energy ( July 2002 ). One pound of anti-matter was produced inside this Solar Flare.
-
- A recent proposal comes from the discovery in 2012 of the Higgs Boson. The asymmetry of the matter over anti-matter may have been produced as a result of the motion of the Higgs Field. This motion could have made the masses of particles and anti-particles in the Universe temporarily unequal. These small inequalities could allow for a small excess of matter particles over anti- particles. Stay tuned, we don’t know if this explanation is correct.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Other Reviews available on the topic of anti-matter:
-
- #1393 - The Universe started from “ nothing”. In order for this to happen there had to be equal amount of polar opposites, positive and negative charges, spin ups and spin downs, gravity and anti-gravity, Light Energy and Dark Energy, Dark Matter and anti-Dark Matter. It all has to add up to nothing.
-
- #1303 - Looking for anti-matter in the Antarctic.
-
- #1272 Teaching the science of anti-matter.
-
- # 1149, 971, 891, 730, 607, 880 - Anti-matter and Blackholes.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------- RSVP, Pass it on to whomever is interested. ----------------
--- Some reviews are at: -------------- http://jdetrick.blogspot.com -----
-- email comments, corrections, request for copies or Index of all reviews
- to: ------- jamesdetrick@comcast.net ------ “Jim Detrick” -----------
- https://plus.google.com/u/0/ -- www.facebook.com -- www.twitter.com
----- 707-536-3272 ---------------------- Wednesday, March 4, 2015 -----
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
-
----------------
----------------- 1746 - Does Anti-Matter Really Exist?
-
- The Universe started from pure energy. And, somehow that energy started from nothing? Matter is a concentrated form of energy. One kilogram of mass equates to an enormous amount of energy.
-
---------------- E = mc^2
-
---------------- Kilogram*m^2 / sec^2 = 90,000,000,000,000,000 m^2 /sec^2 * kilograms
-
---------------- Joules of energy = 90,000,000,000,000,000 m^2 /sec^2 * kilograms
-
- Or, put in a different way it takes the concentration of an enormous amount of energy to create one kilogram of mass. The equations works both ways energy to mass, mass to energy.
-
- The Big Bang erupted with this amazing amount of energy, but, what caused mass to be created in the first place? If the energy erupted out of “nothing” then equal amounts of matter and anti-matter must have been produced. When matter and anti-matter come in contact they annihilate each other and the pair return to pure energy again. But, energy is not nothing.
-
- Given this understanding of the beginning of the Universe how did any matter even survive. After the annihilation there should be nothing but Gamma Radiation. Cosmological calculations have come up with the imbalance for every billion particles of anti-matter there were a billion and one particles of matter. That one particle represents all of the 5% of Ordinary Matter in the Universe today.
-
- We know this Ordinary Matter is everywhere in planets, stars , galaxies and us. We have theories that tell us that it totals to only 5% of the mass-energy in the Universe. 95% is Dark Matter-Energy and we have not yet discovered what that is.
-
- In 1928 Paul Dirac was writing equations to describe the electron interactions with other particles. In order to get his equations to balance he had to add an anti-electron to mirror image an electron with the opposite charge.
-
- In 1932 this anti-electron was discovered in the lab by Carl Anderson. He was tracking Cosmic Rays in his laboratory cloud chamber. One of the particle traces showed the same mass but curved the opposite direction in the magnetic field surrounding the cloud chamber. He concluded it was an electron with a positive charge.
-
- In 1930 another particle was proposed to exist to explain how a neutron breaks down into a proton and an electron plus some neutral particle that carries off some energy needed to balance the equations.
-
- In 1956 this particle was discovered. The neutrino had no charge and a very small amount of mass. It was later discovered that the neutrino came in 3 flavors that change from one type to another. One proposal to explain matter-antimatter asymmetry is that these neutrinos could be their own anti-neutrinos. Maybe super-heavy neutrinos not yet discovered violated “charge parity symmetry” during the Big Bang. This violation in the early Universe favored matter, and allowed me to complete this review without fear of annihilating into a burst of Gamma Rays.
-
- Today neutrinos are produced in radioactive Beta Decay. Neutrons decay in to a proton and an electron and a “ neutrino”. Maybe heavy neutrinos produced in the early Universe decayed into matter.
-
- In 1952 Emmy Noether produced the math to prove the Conservation of Symmetry. Symmetry implied a decaying muon emits an electron to the right, and, an anti-muon emits an electron to the left. Left and right handedness is know as “ parity”.
-
- If this parity breaks its symmetry it is called a “ charge parity violation”. Ever so often an anti-muon makes a mistake and launches its electron to the left. This would be a violation and a form of asymmetry.
-
- Charge Parity Violations were produced in the lab in 1964 with the decay of Kaons. In 1999 labs had recorded up to 13% asymmetry with B-mesons and anti B-mesons
-
- So far all of these particle asymmetries discovered are not enough to account for the dominance of matter over anti-matter.
-
- Tiny quantities of anti-matter rain down on us from Cosmic Ray particle showers created in the upper atmosphere. The anti- particles are quickly annihilated by matter particles.
-
- The powerful Blackhole at the center of the Milky Way Galaxy produces a glowing cloud of anti-matter. We know this by measuring the Gamma Rays that are created in the annihilations.
-
- Our Sun produces anti-matter. The largest recorded eruption on the surface of the Sun unleashed 1 billion megaton bomb’s worth of energy ( July 2002 ). One pound of anti-matter was produced inside this Solar Flare.
-
- A recent proposal comes from the discovery in 2012 of the Higgs Boson. The asymmetry of the matter over anti-matter may have been produced as a result of the motion of the Higgs Field. This motion could have made the masses of particles and anti-particles in the Universe temporarily unequal. These small inequalities could allow for a small excess of matter particles over anti- particles. Stay tuned, we don’t know if this explanation is correct.
-----------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
- Other Reviews available on the topic of anti-matter:
-
- #1393 - The Universe started from “ nothing”. In order for this to happen there had to be equal amount of polar opposites, positive and negative charges, spin ups and spin downs, gravity and anti-gravity, Light Energy and Dark Energy, Dark Matter and anti-Dark Matter. It all has to add up to nothing.
-
- #1303 - Looking for anti-matter in the Antarctic.
-
- #1272 Teaching the science of anti-matter.
-
- # 1149, 971, 891, 730, 607, 880 - Anti-matter and Blackholes.
- --------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
----------------- RSVP, Pass it on to whomever is interested. ----------------
--- Some reviews are at: -------------- http://jdetrick.blogspot.com -----
-- email comments, corrections, request for copies or Index of all reviews
- to: ------- jamesdetrick@comcast.net ------ “Jim Detrick” -----------
- https://plus.google.com/u/0/ -- www.facebook.com -- www.twitter.com
----- 707-536-3272 ---------------------- Wednesday, March 4, 2015 -----
------------------------------------------------------------------------------------------
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