- 4154 - MATTER vs ENERGY - in the Universe? Matter is found to comprise 31% of the total amount of matter and energy in the universe. One of the most interesting and important questions in astronomy is, "How much matter exists in the universe?" The total amount of matter was determined to makes up 31% of the total amount of matter and energy in the universe, with the remaining 69% consisting of dark energy.
-------------- 4154 - MATTER vs ENERGY - in the Universe?
- Cosmologists believe that only about 20% of
the total matter is made of regular or 'baryonic' matter, which includes stars,
galaxies, atoms, and life. About 80% is
made of dark matter, whose mysterious nature is not yet known but may consist
of some as-yet-undiscovered subatomic particles.
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- The team compared the observed number and
mass of galaxy clusters per unit volume with predictions from numerical
simulations. The number of clusters
observed at the present time, the so-called 'cluster abundance,' is very
sensitive to cosmological conditions and, in particular, the total amount of
matter.
-
- A higher percentage of the total matter in
the universe would result in more clusters being formed. But it is difficult to measure the mass of
any galaxy cluster accurately as most of the matter is dark, and we cannot see
it directly with telescopes.
-
- To overcome this difficulty, the team was
forced to use an indirect tracer of cluster mass. They relied upon the fact
that more massive clusters contain more galaxies than less massive clusters.
Because galaxies consist of luminous stars, the number of galaxies in each
cluster can be utilized as a way of indirectly determining its total mass.
-
- By measuring the number of galaxies in each
cluster the team was able to estimate the total mass of each of the clusters.
They were then able to compare the observed number and mass of galaxy clusters
per unit volume against predictions from numerical simulations.
-
- The best-fit match between observations and
simulations was with a universe consisting of 31% of the total matter, a value
that was in excellent agreement with that obtained using cosmic microwave
background (CMB) observations from the Planck satellite. CMB is a completely independent technique.
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- This the first time to successfully utilize
spectroscopy, the technique that separates radiation into a spectrum of
individual bands or colors, to precisely determine the distance to each cluster
and the true member galaxies that are gravitationally bound to the cluster
rather than background or foreground interlopers along the line of sight.
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-
September 15,
2023 MATTER vs
ENERGY - in the Universe? 4154
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Saturday, September 16, 2023 ---------------------------------
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